{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T10:26:52Z","timestamp":1794392812487,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,11,11]],"date-time":"2027-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1825891200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":345,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart Lung and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajogmfm.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T15:13:43Z","timestamp":1792250023000},"page":"102160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cesarean delivery and childhood respiratory outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8206-5235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Field","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica A.","family":"De Voest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Wise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan T.N.","family":"Tita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon A.","family":"Mcgrath-Morrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth C.","family":"Matsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean C.","family":"Blackwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Longo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dwight J.","family":"Rouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torri D.","family":"Metz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George R.","family":"Saade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William A.","family":"Grobman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kent D.","family":"Heyborne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Thorp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly S.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geeta K.","family":"Swamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasser Y.","family":"El-Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Gyamfi-Bannerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0001","series-title":"Births: provisional data for 2021","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e73","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003006","article-title":"Cesarean delivery on maternal request","volume":"133","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-019-05208-7","article-title":"Cesarean section and the risk of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: a meta-analysis","volume":"300","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"7635","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39405.539282.BE","article-title":"Risk of respiratory morbidity in term infants delivered by elective caesarean section: cohort study","volume":"336","author":"Hansen","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01611-2016","article-title":"Maternal age at delivery, lung function and asthma in offspring: a population-based survey","volume":"51","author":"G\u00f3mez Real","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.05.016","article-title":"Maternal asthma severity and control during pregnancy and risk of offspring asthma","volume":"141","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-2196","article-title":"Prenatal and passive smoke exposure and incidence of asthma and wheeze: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"129","author":"Burke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-0889","article-title":"Acid-suppressive drug use during pregnancy and the risk of childhood asthma: a meta-analysis","volume":"141","author":"Lai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02070-2017","article-title":"Prenatal antibiotic exposure and childhood asthma: a population-based study","volume":"52","author":"Loewen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201604-0806OC","article-title":"Preeclampsia associates with asthma, allergy, and eczema in childhood","volume":"195","author":"Stokholm","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.06.043","article-title":"Preterm delivery and asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"118","author":"Jaakkola","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2012.01345.x","article-title":"Neonatal jaundice is a risk factor for childhood asthma: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"23","author":"Ku","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu072","article-title":"Breastfeeding and childhood asthma: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"179","author":"Dogaru","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"467","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13132","article-title":"Breastfeeding and asthma and allergies: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"104","author":"Lodge","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.113048","article-title":"Caesarean section and risk of asthma and allergy in adulthood","volume":"107","author":"Xu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107300","article-title":"Short-term and long-term effects of cesarean section on asthma and wheezing: a cohort study and meta-analysis","volume":"215","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-023-04396-1","article-title":"Association of cesarean section with asthma in children\/adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on cohort studies","volume":"23","author":"Zhong","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2005.02356.x","article-title":"Caesarean section delivery and the risk of allergic disorders in childhood","volume":"35","author":"Renz-Polster","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12385","article-title":"Mode of delivery and childhood fractional exhaled nitric oxide, interrupter resistance and asthma: the generation R study","volume":"26","author":"van Berkel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2019-317485","article-title":"No obvious impact of caesarean delivery on childhood allergic outcomes: findings from Australian cohorts","volume":"105","author":"Liao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2008.02939.x","article-title":"Caesarean delivery and risk of atopy and allergic disease: meta-analyses","volume":"38","author":"Bager","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2007.02780.x","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the association between caesarean section and childhood asthma","volume":"38","author":"Thavagnanam","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0023","first-page":"6","article-title":"Mode of delivery and asthma: is there a connection?","volume":"52","author":"Kero","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.05.043","article-title":"Mode of delivery at birth and development of asthma: a population-based cohort study","volume":"116","author":"Juhn","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.100875","article-title":"Asthma at 8 years of age in children born by caesarean section","volume":"64","author":"Roduit","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002494","article-title":"Long-term risks and benefits associated with cesarean delivery for mother, baby, and subsequent pregnancies: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Keag","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.01.029","article-title":"Cesarean section and risk of severe childhood asthma: a population-based cohort study","volume":"153","author":"Toll\u00e5nes","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.07.027","article-title":"Are children born by cesarean delivery at higher risk for respiratory sequelae?","volume":"226","author":"Salem","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.12.036","article-title":"Association of cesarean delivery with childhood hospitalization for infections before 13 years of age","volume":"231","author":"Auger","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0030","article-title":"Cesarean versus vaginal delivery for breech presentation is an independent risk factor for long-term pediatric respiratory hospitalization of the offspring","author":"Davidesko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-018-3225-8","article-title":"Elective cesarean delivery at term and the long-term risk for respiratory morbidity of the offspring","volume":"177","author":"Baumfeld","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1516783","article-title":"Antenatal betamethasone for women at risk for late preterm delivery","volume":"374","author":"Gyamfi-Bannerman","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0033","article-title":"Childhood pulmonary outcomes after late preterm antenatal corticosteroids","author":"Gyamfi-Bannerman","year":"2026","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00080312","article-title":"Multi-ethnic reference values for spirometry for the 3-95-yr age range: the global lung function 2012 equations","volume":"40","author":"Quanjer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202302-0310ST","article-title":"Race and ethnicity in pulmonary function test interpretation: an official American Thoracic Society statement","volume":"207","author":"Bhakta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5709","DOI":"10.1113\/JP275429","article-title":"Parturition and the perinatal period: can mode of delivery impact on the future health of the neonate?","volume":"596","author":"Tribe","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"10155","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31930-5","article-title":"Short-term and long-term effects of caesarean section on the health of women and children","volume":"392","author":"Sandall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12621","article-title":"The lack of natural processes of delivery and neonatal intensive care treatment lead to impaired cytokine responses later in life","volume":"77","author":"Martikainen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.01.017","article-title":"The EPIIC hypothesis: intrapartum effects on the neonatal epigenome and consequent health outcomes","volume":"80","author":"Dahlen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-303249","article-title":"Decreased gut microbiota diversity, delayed Bacteroidetes colonisation and reduced Th1 responses in infants delivered by caesarean section","volume":"63","author":"Jakobsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-025-05409-x","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for childhood asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589933326002594?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589933326002594?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T10:12:33Z","timestamp":1794391953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589933326002594"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S2589933326002594"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-9333"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-9333","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cesarean delivery and childhood respiratory outcomes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2026.102160","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102160"}}