{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T06:21:58Z","timestamp":1791699718834,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Asian Journal of Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,10]],"date-time":"2020-04-10T20:15:35Z","timestamp":1586549735000},"page":"102002","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Diagnosing catatonia and its dimensions: Cluster analysis and factor solution using the Bush Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Bhaskaran","family":"Aandi Subramaniyam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishna Prasad","family":"Muliyala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hari Hara","family":"Suchandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venkata Senthil Kumar","family":"Reddi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0005","first-page":"46","article-title":"Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and empirical treatments for catatonia","volume":"4","author":"Bhati","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry (Edgmont)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(97)90027-4","article-title":"Catatonia and the neuroleptics: psychobiologic significance of remote and recent findings","volume":"38","author":"Blumer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1996.tb09814.x","article-title":"Catatonia. I. Rating scale and standardized examination","volume":"93","author":"Bush","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.2007.19.4.406","article-title":"Review of adjunctive glutamate antagonist therapy in the treatment of catatonic syndromes","volume":"19","author":"Carroll","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2015.00182","article-title":"Neurobiological approach of catatonia and treatment perspectives","volume":"6","author":"Ellul","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.13020038","article-title":"Excellent response to amantadine in a patient with bipolar disorder and catatonia","author":"Ene-Stroescu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.07.020","article-title":"Catatonia in inpatients with psychiatric disorders: a comparison of schizophrenia and mood disorders","author":"Grover","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2019.05.024","article-title":"Comparative study of symptom profile of catatonia in patients with psychotic disorders, affective disorders and organic disorders","volume":"43","author":"Grover","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2019.01.021","article-title":"Trends in concept and nosology of autism spectrum disorder: a review","author":"Gyawali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.10.051","article-title":"What we know currently about mirror neurons","author":"Kilner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00088-5","article-title":"Relevance of the catatonic syndrome to the mixed manic episode","volume":"74","author":"Kr\u00fcger","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.14581\/jer.14014","article-title":"18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography findings with Anti-N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis that showed variable degrees of catatonia: three cases report","volume":"4","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0065","first-page":"158","article-title":"Motor, volitional and behavioural disorders in schizophrenia 1: assessment using the modified Rogers scale","author":"Lund","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.158.3.328","article-title":"Motor, volitional and behavioural disorders in schizophrenia","volume":"158","author":"McKenna","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.23.1.jnpe16","article-title":"Of postures, mirrors, and models in Catatonia","author":"Mehta","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2012.12.002","article-title":"Mirror neuron disinhibition may be linked with catatonic echo-phenomena: a single case TMS study","volume":"6","author":"Mehta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X02000109","article-title":"What catatonia can tell us about \u201ctop-down modulation\u201d: a neuropsychiatric hypothesis","volume":"25","author":"Northoff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(199905)14:3<404::AID-MDS1004>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Catatonia as a psychomotor syndrome: a rating scale and extrapyramidal motor symptoms","author":"Northoff","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(97)83567-5","article-title":"DSM-IV catatonic features among psychiatric inpatients: a preliminary study","volume":"12","author":"Oulis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(00)00035-9","article-title":"Motor features in psychotic disorders. II - development of diagnostic criteria for catatonia","volume":"47","author":"Peralta","year":"2001","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2010.05.009","article-title":"Neuromotor abnormalities in neuroleptic-naive psychotic patients: antecedents, clinical correlates, and prediction of treatment response","volume":"52","author":"Peralta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbx089","article-title":"Motor abnormalities: from neurodevelopmental to neurodegenerative through \u201cfunctional\u201d (Neuro) psychiatric disorders","volume":"43","author":"Peralta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0115","series-title":"Motor Features in Psychotic Disorders. I Factor Structure and Clinical Correlates","author":"Peralta","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.12.023","article-title":"DSM-IV catatonia signs and criteria in first-episode, drug-naive, psychotic patients: psychometric validity and response to antipsychotic medication","author":"Peralta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v6.i4.391","article-title":"Catatonia: our current understanding of its diagnosis, treatment and pathophysiology","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0130","first-page":"22","article-title":"The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.02.012","article-title":"Measuring catatonia: a systematic review of rating scales","author":"Sienaert","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2014.00181","article-title":"A clinical review of the treatment of catatonia","volume":"5","author":"Sienaert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.60.3.326","article-title":"Catatonia in depression: prevalence, clinical correlates, and validation of a scale","volume":"60","author":"Starkstein","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2019.07.003","article-title":"Prevalence of catatonic signs and symptoms in an acute psychiatric unit from a tertiary psychiatric center in India","volume":"44","author":"Subramaniyam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.3109\/00048679509064981","article-title":"Psychopathology of catatonic speech disorders and the dilemma of catatonia: a selective review","volume":"29","author":"Ungvari","year":"1995","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2006.11.012","article-title":"Schizophrenia with prominent catatonic features (\u2018catatonic schizophrenia\u2019).II. Factor analysis of the catatonic syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Ungvari","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacology Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0165","first-page":"47","article-title":"Catatonia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome: two sides of a coin?","volume":"107","author":"Vancaester","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Belg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2019.04.007","article-title":"Atypical neuroleptic malignant syndrome \u2013 a case report","author":"Vellekkatt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbn126","article-title":"Neurological signs and involuntary movements in schizophrenia: intrinsic to and informative on systems pathobiology","author":"Whitty","year":"2009","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.12.036","article-title":"The diagnostic criteria and structure of catatonia","volume":"164","author":"Wilson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2014.06.005","article-title":"Anti-N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis presenting with intermittent catatonia","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"}],"container-title":["Asian Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1876201820301131?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1876201820301131?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T16:39:31Z","timestamp":1761755971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1876201820301131"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S1876201820301131"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1876-2018"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1876-2018","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Diagnosing catatonia and its dimensions: Cluster analysis and factor solution using the Bush Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Asian Journal of Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102002"}}