{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T08:27:12Z","timestamp":1787905632679,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002367","name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Asian Journal of Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,2]],"date-time":"2021-10-02T09:03:41Z","timestamp":1633165421000},"page":"102877","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Prevalence, clinical correlates and risk factors associated with Tardive Dyskinesia in Chinese patients with schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Kadir","family":"Uludag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong Mei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da Chun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e90","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(17)30042-6","article-title":"Air pollution and urbanicity: common risk factors for dementia and schizophrenia?","volume":"1","author":"Attademo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Planet. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.09.022","article-title":"Are negative symptoms really related to cognition in schizophrenia?","volume":"230","author":"Bagney","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e264","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.16r10832","article-title":"Tardive Dyskinesia prevalence in the period of second-generation antipsychotic use: a meta-analysis","volume":"78","author":"Carbon","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.09m05793yel","article-title":"Treatment outcomes of patients with tardive dyskinesia and chronic schizophrenia","volume":"72","author":"Caroff","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000001142","article-title":"Cumulative burden of illness in veterans with Tardive Dyskinesia and serious mental disorders","volume":"40","author":"Caroff","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib6","first-page":"810","article-title":"Health care resource utilization and costs for patients with Tardive Dyskinesia","volume":"25","author":"Carroll","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Manag. Care Spec. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20579","article-title":"Tardive dyskinesia risk with first- and second-generation antipsychotics in comparative randomized controlled trials: a meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Carbon","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2593","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717000757","article-title":"Effects of cognitive remediation on negative symptoms dimensions: exploring the role of working memory","volume":"47","author":"Cella","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.218","article-title":"Is the serious ambient air pollution associated with increased admissions for schizophrenia?","volume":"644","author":"Duan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(02)00302-X","article-title":"The factor structure for the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) in recent-onset psychosis","volume":"61","author":"Emsley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.112554","article-title":"Cognitive functioning in patients with first-episode psychosis stratified by level of negative symptoms: a 1-year follow-up study","volume":"281","author":"Engen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib12","series-title":"Does the Age of Onset Shape the Clinical Picture, Course and Consequences of Schizophrenia? Results from a Long-Term Epidemiological Study, Age of Onset of Mental Disorders","first-page":"29","author":"H\u00e4fner","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.01.022","article-title":"The association between weight change and symptom reduction in the CATIE schizophrenia trial","volume":"128","author":"Hermes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2018.01.029","article-title":"On the move: an update on Tardive Dyskinesia","volume":"26","author":"Hrisko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.02.011","article-title":"Psychopathology and extrapyramidal side effects in smoking and non-smoking patients with schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies","volume":"92","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib16","first-page":"416","article-title":"Atypical antipsychotics: do their direct actions on adipocytes contribute to metabolic disturbances","volume":"9","author":"Hugo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Bioequiv. Availab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2009.12.007","article-title":"Investigation of clinical factors influencing cognitive function in Japanese schizophrenia","volume":"66","author":"Kishi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs.16.26","article-title":"Pharmacogenetics of tardive dyskinesia: an updated review of the literature","volume":"17","author":"Lanning","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(03)00171-4","article-title":"Tardive dyskinesia in Chinese inpatients with chronic schizophrenia","volume":"27","author":"Leung","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.041","article-title":"The prevalence, risk factors and clinical correlates of obesity in Chinese patients with schizophrenia","volume":"251","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.02.040","article-title":"Smoking in male patients with schizophrenia in China: a meta-analysis","volume":"162","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.13.3.399","article-title":"Relationship of gender and age at onset of schizophrenia to severity of Dyskinesia","volume":"13","author":"Lindamer","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216044","article-title":"Tardive dyskinesia among patients using antipsychotic medications in customary clinical care in the United States","volume":"14","author":"Loughlin","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000000666","article-title":"High incidence and prevalence of drug-related movement disorders in young patients with psychotic disorders","volume":"37","author":"Mentzel","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852916000730","article-title":"Forgotten but not gone: new developments in the understanding and treatment of tardive dyskinesia","volume":"21","author":"Meyer","year":"2017","journal-title":"CNS Spectr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.07.034","article-title":"Clinical correlates of tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia: baseline data from the CATIE schizophrenia trial","volume":"80","author":"Miller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib27","first-page":"77","article-title":"Clinical implications of pharmacogenomics for tardive dyskinesia","volume":"4","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharm. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.39.11.1172","article-title":"How to examine patients using the abnormal involuntary movement scale","volume":"39","author":"Munetz","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Serv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbp124","article-title":"Should the PANSS be rescaled?","volume":"36","author":"Obermeier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e01745","article-title":"Analysis of risk factors and outcomes in psychiatric inpatients with tardive dyskinesia: a nationwide case-control study","volume":"5","author":"Patel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib31","first-page":"3534","article-title":"A study of smoking behaviour among males with schizophrenia","volume":"6","author":"Ranganathan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Evol. Med. Dental Sci. \u2013 JEMDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib32","first-page":"387","article-title":"Depression as a risk factor in tardive dyskinesia","volume":"17","author":"Rush","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.155.2.253","article-title":"Depression-dependent exacerbation of Tardive Dyskinesia","volume":"155","author":"Sachdev","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5218","article-title":"The effects of valbenazine on tardive dyskinesia in older and younger patients","volume":"35","author":"Sajatovic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2017.1361322","article-title":"Antipsychotic-induced Tardive dyskinesia: from biological basis to clinical management","volume":"17","author":"Salem","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Neurother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2007.07.005","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome in outpatients receiving antipsychotic therapy in routine clinical practice: a cross-sectional assessment of a primary health care database","volume":"23","author":"Sicras-Mainar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.02.012","article-title":"Clinical risk factors for the development of tardive dyskinesia","volume":"389","author":"Solmi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3109\/10401239709147773","article-title":"Tardive Dyskinesia and ethnicity: review of the literature","volume":"9","author":"Swartz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20823","article-title":"Epidemiology of Tardive Dyskinesia: is risk declining with modern antipsychotics?","volume":"21","author":"Tarsy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov. Disord.: Off. J. Mov. Disord. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmental-2018-300006","article-title":"There has been very little progress in treating or preventing antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia","volume":"21","author":"van Harten","year":"2018","journal-title":"Evid. Based Ment. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1997.tb10153.x","article-title":"ardive dyskinesia: who is at risk?","volume":"96","author":"van","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2012.01.031","article-title":"Searching for a consensus five-factor model of the positive and negative syndrome scale for schizophrenia","volume":"137","author":"Wallwork","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.11.1521","article-title":"Prospective study of Tardive Dyskinesia in the elderly: rates and risk factors","volume":"155","author":"Woerner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0607","article-title":"Chlorpromazine equivalent doses for the newer atypical antipsychotics","volume":"64","author":"Woods","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2013.06.013","article-title":"Tardive dyskinesia is associated with greater cognitive impairment in schizophrenia","volume":"46","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0000000000000041","article-title":"Prevalence of Tardive Dyskinesia in chronic male inpatients with schizophrenia on long-term clozapine versus typical antipsychotics","volume":"29","author":"Ye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02754.x","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality in Tardive Dyskinesia: associations in chronic schizophrenia","volume":"75","author":"Youssef","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000417","article-title":"New findings in pharmacogenetics of schizophrenia","volume":"31","author":"Zai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2018.06.014","article-title":"Resting-state brain activity changes associated with Tardive Dyskinesia in patients with schizophrenia: fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation decreased in the occipital lobe","volume":"385","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-009-1590-8","article-title":"Gender differences in the prevalence, risk and clinical correlates of Tardive Dyskinesia in Chinese schizophrenia","volume":"205","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2011.06.006","article-title":"Smoking and Tardive Dyskinesia in male patients with chronic schizophrenia","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877_bib52","first-page":"7","article-title":"Cigarette smoking in male patients with chronic schizophrenia in a Chinese population: prevalence and relationship to clinical phenotypes","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Asian Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1876201821003336?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1876201821003336?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T16:40:09Z","timestamp":1761756009000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1876201821003336"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S1876201821003336"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877","relation":{},"ISSN":["1876-2018"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1876-2018","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prevalence, clinical correlates and risk factors associated with Tardive Dyskinesia in Chinese patients with schizophrenia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Asian Journal of Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102877","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102877"}}