{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T09:45:51Z","timestamp":1785577551811,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]],"date-time":"2022-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Asian Journal of Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]],"date-time":"2022-03-14T17:27:46Z","timestamp":1647278866000},"page":"103086","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Relationship of free thyroxine and triiodothyronine on recurrence in maintenance therapy for bipolar depression"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Xue","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiong","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-fei","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-ye","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue-quan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-019-0160-1","article-title":"Bipolar depression: a major unsolved challenge","volume":"8","author":"Baldessarini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Bipolar Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12150","article-title":"Gender differences in thyroid system function: relevance to bipolar disorder and its treatment","volume":"16","author":"Bauer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2008.01774.x","article-title":"The thyroid-brain interaction in thyroid disorders and mood disorders","volume":"20","author":"Bauer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000963","article-title":"Thyroid hormones, serotonin and mood: of synergy and significance in the adult brain","volume":"7","author":"Bauer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200216010-00004","article-title":"The Bech-Rafaelsen Mania Scale in clinical trials of therapies for bipolar disorder: a 20-year review of its use as an outcome measure","volume":"16","author":"Bech","year":"2002","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-7973","article-title":"). Are low basal serum levels of the thyroid stimulating hormone (b-TSH) a risk factor for switches into states of expansive syndromes (known in Germany as \u201cmaniform syndromes\u201d in bipolar I depression","volume":"33","author":"Bottlender","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e578","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.13r08905","article-title":"Rapid cycling in bipolar disorder: a systematic review","volume":"75","author":"Carvalho","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/306367","article-title":"Thyroid functions and bipolar affective disorder","volume":"2011","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Thyroid Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-010-0157-z","article-title":"Switching to hypomania and mania: differential neurochemical, neuropsychological, and pharmacologic triggers and their mechanisms","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30422-X","article-title":"The urgent need for more research on bipolar depression","volume":"5","author":"Cohen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib11","article-title":"Effect of lithium carbonate on the function of the thyroid gland: mechanism of action and clinical implications","volume":"71","author":"Czarnywojtek","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Pharmacol. Off. J. Pol. Physiol. Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1159\/000353777","article-title":"Hypothyroidism and depression","volume":"2","author":"Dayan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Thyroid J."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55080403","article-title":"Suicide risk in bipolar disorder: a brief review","volume":"55","author":"Dome","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib14","first-page":"205","article-title":"The thyroid axis and mood disorders: overview and future prospects","volume":"33","author":"Esposito","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol. Bull."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08m04909gre","article-title":"Antidepressant discontinuation in bipolar depression: a Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD) randomized clinical trial of long-term effectiveness and safety","volume":"71","author":"Ghaemi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-018-0133-9","article-title":"Antidepressants in bipolar depression: an enduring controversy","volume":"6","author":"Gitlin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Bipolar Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881109102919","article-title":"Evidence-based guidelines for treating bipolar disorder: revised second edition--recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology","volume":"23","author":"Goodwin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12003","article-title":"Occupational disability in bipolar disorder: analysis of predictors of being on severe disablement benefit (PREBIS study data)","volume":"127","author":"Grande","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12666","article-title":"How harmful is your mania to you or others?\" Sharing decisions about antidepressant treatment in bipolar depression","volume":"20","author":"Grootens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2017.1384850","article-title":"The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Guidelines for the Biological Treatment of Bipolar Disorders: Acute and long-term treatment of mixed states in bipolar disorder","volume":"19","author":"Grunze","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatry: Off. J. World Fed. Soc. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","article-title":"A rating scale for depression","volume":"23","author":"Hamilton","year":"1960","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073057","article-title":"Hyperthyroidism and risk for bipolar disorders: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"8","author":"Hu","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.04.016","article-title":"Relationship between thyroid-stimulating hormone levels and risk of depression among the general population with normal free T4 levels","volume":"58","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2020.0884","article-title":"Thyroid function and mood disorders: a mendelian randomization study","volume":"31","author":"Ku\u015b","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thyroid Off. J. Am. Thyroid. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib25","article-title":"Association of altered thyroid hormones and neurometabolism to cognitive dysfunction in unmedicated bipolar II depression","volume":"105","author":"Lai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2003.08.004","article-title":"Relationship between mood and TSH response to TRH stimulation in bipolar affective disorder","volume":"29","author":"Larsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.13036","article-title":"The 2020 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for mood disorders: bipolar disorder summary","volume":"22","author":"Malhi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30264-4","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of adjunctive second-generation antidepressant therapy with a mood stabiliser or an atypical antipsychotic in acute bipolar depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled trials","volume":"3","author":"McGirr","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3589","article-title":"Thyroid function within the normal range and the risk of depression: a population-based cohort study","volume":"99","author":"Medici","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.12","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of bipolar spectrum disorder in the world mental health survey initiative","volume":"68","author":"Merikangas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.13020185","article-title":"The International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) task force report on antidepressant use in bipolar disorders","volume":"170","author":"Pacchiarotti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.05.010","article-title":"Prolactin and thyroid hormone levels are associated with suicide attempts in psychiatric patients","volume":"200","author":"Pompili","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2015.02.022","article-title":"Interactions between antiepileptic drugs and hormones","volume":"28","author":"Svalheim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib34","first-page":"401","article-title":"Antiepileptic drugs and thyroid function","volume":"21","author":"Verrotti","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. JPEM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18008","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.8","article-title":"Bipolar disorders","volume":"4","author":"Vieta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.13111501","article-title":"The risk of switch to mania in patients with bipolar disorder during treatment with an antidepressant alone and in combination with a mood stabilizer","volume":"171","author":"Viktorin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12657","article-title":"Adjunctive thyroid hormone treatment in rapid cycling bipolar disorder: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial of levothyroxine (L-T(4)) and triiodothyronine (T(3))","volume":"20","author":"Walshaw","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2008.03352.x","article-title":"Thyroid function and the natural history of depression: findings from the Caerphilly Prospective Study (CaPS) and a meta-analysis","volume":"70","author":"Williams","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12609","article-title":"Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) and International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) 2018 guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"20","author":"Yatham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-021-00869-5","article-title":"Comparison of thyroid function in different emotional states of drug-na\u00efve patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"21","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Endocr. Disord."}],"container-title":["Asian Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1876201822000843?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1876201822000843?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T16:42:42Z","timestamp":1761756162000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1876201822000843"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S1876201822000843"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086","relation":{},"ISSN":["1876-2018"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1876-2018","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Relationship of free thyroxine and triiodothyronine on recurrence in maintenance therapy for bipolar depression","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Asian Journal of Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103086","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103086"}}