{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T00:41:20Z","timestamp":1793148080224,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017711","name":"Daqing Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Asian Journal of Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T16:07:28Z","timestamp":1670256448000},"page":"103394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Comparative efficacy, acceptability, and tolerability of adjunctive anti-inflammatory agents on bipolar disorder: A systemic review and network meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1061-9726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizhi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1439-726X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Biao","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.11.090","article-title":"Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone for bipolar depression","volume":"245","author":"Aftab","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib2","first-page":"164","article-title":"In the realm of psychoneuroimmunology: the role of celecoxib as an add-on treatment for bipolar mania","volume":"4","author":"Al-Alawi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12324","article-title":"Celecoxib adjunctive therapy for acute bipolar mania: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Arabzadeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.03.030","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological treatments for the treatment of acute bipolar depression: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"269","author":"Bahji","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2019-320912","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"91","author":"Bai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balshem, H., Helfand, M., Schunemann, H.J., Oxman, A.D., Kunz, R., Brozek, J., Vist, G.E., Falck-Ytter, Y., Meerpohl, J., Norris, S. & Guyatt, G.H. 2011, GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence. J Clin Epidemiol, 64, 401\u20136.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.12.034","article-title":"Executive dysfunction in euthymic bipolar disorder patients and its association with plasma biomarkers","volume":"137","author":"Barbosa","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2020_173","article-title":"Inflammation as a mechanism of bipolar disorder neuroprogression","volume":"48","author":"Barichello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib9","first-page":"80","article-title":"A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of aspirin and N-acetylcysteine as adjunctive treatments for bipolar depression","author":"Bauer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. PSYCHIATRY"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1177\/039463200802100208","article-title":"Evaluation of C-reactive protein and total serum cholesterol in adult patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"21","author":"Berardis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J. Immunopathol. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2007.01058.x","article-title":"Dopamine dysregulation syndrome: implications for a dopamine hypothesis of bipolar disorder","author":"Berk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.04.022","article-title":"N-acetyl cysteine for depressive symptoms in bipolar disorder--a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"64","author":"Berk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2010.10.001","article-title":"Pathways underlying neuroprogression in bipolar disorder: focus on inflammation, oxidative stress and neurotrophic factors","volume":"35","author":"Berk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-10-91","article-title":"Maintenance N-acetyl cysteine treatment for bipolar disorder: a double-blind randomized placebo controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Berk","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1257-1","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial of a mitochondrial therapeutic target for bipolar depression: mitochondrial agents, N-acetylcysteine, and placebo","volume":"17","author":"Berk","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.12.001","article-title":"Comparison of cytokine levels in depressed, manic and euthymic patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"116","author":"Brietzke","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib17","first-page":"121","article-title":"Modulation of the inflammatory response benefits treatment-resistant bipolar depression","volume":"44","author":"Cantos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1159\/000353613","article-title":"The link between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and orbitofrontal cortex in euthymic bipolar disorder","volume":"68","author":"Chung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60046-5","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 12 new-generation antidepressants: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis","volume":"373","author":"Cipriani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32802-7","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"391","author":"Cipriani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.09.011","article-title":"The economic burden of bipolar I disorder in the United States in 2015","author":"Cloutier","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2018.1407242","article-title":"Immune-based strategies for mood disorders: facts and challenges","volume":"18","author":"Colpo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Neurother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524016666160126144440","article-title":"The Comorbidity of Bipolar Disorder and Migraine: The Role of Inflammation and Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress","volume":"16","author":"Costa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Mol. Med"},{"issue":"591\u20138","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib24","article-title":"Biochemical functions of coenzyme Q10","volume":"20","author":"Crane","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-007-0797-0","article-title":"Investigation of serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein levels across all mood states in bipolar disorder","volume":"258","author":"Cunha","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024625","article-title":"Empirical evaluation of SUCRA-based treatment ranks in network meta-analysis: quantifying robustness using Cohen's kappa","volume":"9","author":"Daly","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2012.02392.x","article-title":"Effects of N-acetyl cysteine on cognitive function in bipolar disorder","volume":"66","author":"Dean","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib28","article-title":"Prevalence of suicide attempts in bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"29","author":"Dong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Psychiatr. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.10.083","article-title":"The efficacy of adjunctive N-acetylcysteine in acute bipolar depression: A randomized placebo-controlled study","volume":"245","author":"Ellegaard","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2401","article-title":"Celecoxib: a new augmentation strategy for depressive mood episodes. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials","volume":"29","author":"Faridhosseini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.08.036","article-title":"Peripheral inflammation during abnormal mood states in bipolar I disorder","volume":"187","author":"Fiedorowicz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988712436688","article-title":"Coenzyme Q10 effects on creatine kinase activity and mood in geriatric bipolar depression","volume":"25","author":"Forester","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000000326","article-title":"Antidepressant effects of open label treatment with coenzyme Q10 in geriatric bipolar depression","volume":"35","author":"Forester","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.188.1.46","article-title":"Efficacy of ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid in bipolar depression: randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study","volume":"188","author":"Frangou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881106067787","article-title":"Preliminary in vivo evidence of increased N-acetyl-aspartate following eicosapentanoic acid treatment in patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"21","author":"Frangou","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60857-0","article-title":"Treatment of bipolar disorder","volume":"381","author":"Geddes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-9912-3-11","article-title":"Molecular hydrogen: an overview of its neurobiological effects and therapeutic potential for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia","volume":"3","author":"Ghanizadeh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Gas. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib39","article-title":"Lovastatin as an adjuvant to lithium for treating manic phase of bipolar disorder: a 4-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"2014","author":"Ghanizadeh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Depress Res Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249409","article-title":"Statins for major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"16","author":"Giorgi","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goodwin, G.M., Haddad, P.M., Ferrier, I.N., Aronson, J.K., Barnes, T., Cipriani, A., Coghill, D.R., Fazel, S., Geddes, J.R., Grunze, H., Holmes, E.A., Howes, O., Hudson, S., Hunt, N., Jones, I., Macmillan, I.C., Mcallister-Williams, H., Miklowitz, D.R., Morriss, R., Munafo, M., Paton, C., Saharkian, B.J., Saunders, K., Sinclair, J., Taylor, D., Vieta, E. & Young, A.H. 2016. Evidence-based guidelines for treating bipolar disorder: Revised third edition recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology. J Psychopharmacol, 30, 495\u2013553.","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116636545"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib42","first-page":"58","article-title":"Utility of C-reactive protein blood level and gene polymorphism as treatment response biomarkers in bipolar disorder","volume":"22","author":"Halaris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.691200","article-title":"Comparative Efficacy and Acceptability of Anti-inflammatory Agents on Major Depressive Disorder: A Network Meta-Analysis","volume":"12","author":"Hang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.03.017","article-title":"Increased levels of glutamate in brains from patients with mood disorders","volume":"62","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.10510","article-title":"Oxidative neuronal death caused by glutamate uptake inhibition in cultured hippocampal neurons","volume":"71","author":"Himi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.161.10.1922","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acid treatment and T(2) whole brain relaxation times in bipolar disorder","volume":"161","author":"Hirashima","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2015.04.004","article-title":"Inflammatory markers are associated with general cognitive abilities in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients and healthy controls","volume":"165","author":"Hope","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12467","article-title":"Association between cytokine levels, verbal memory and hippocampus volume in psychotic disorders and healthy controls","volume":"133","author":"Hoseth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31135-3","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 32 oral antipsychotics for the acute treatment of adults with multi-episode schizophrenia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"394","author":"Huhn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881117725711","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory treatments for mood disorders: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Husain","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol. (Oxf., Engl. )"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30138-3","article-title":"Minocycline and celecoxib as adjunctive treatments for bipolar depression: a multicentre, factorial design randomised controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"Husain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2385","article-title":"The PRISMA extension statement for reporting of systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses of health care interventions: checklist and explanations","volume":"162","author":"Hutton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-007-9315-z","article-title":"Modulation of [3H]dopamine release by glutathione in mouse striatal slices","volume":"32","author":"Janaky","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib56","first-page":"6","article-title":"Inflammation as a treatment target in mood disorders: review","author":"Jones","year":"2020","journal-title":"BJPSYCH Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-021-00742-6","article-title":"Inflammatory signaling mechanisms in bipolar disorder","volume":"28","author":"Jones","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1559667","article-title":"Effect of Adjunctive Celecoxib on BDNF in Manic Patients Undergoing Electroconvulsive Therapy: a Randomized Double Blind Controlled Trial","volume":"48","author":"Kargar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145709009924","article-title":"A potential role for pro-inflammatory cytokines in regulating synaptic plasticity in major depressive disorder","volume":"12","author":"Khairova","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.13115","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids for treating residual depressive symptoms in adult patients with bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled trials","volume":"23","author":"Kishi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.1611","article-title":"Effect of anti-inflammatory treatment on depression, depressive symptoms, and adverse effects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"71","author":"Kohler","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13016","article-title":"Efficacy of anti-inflammatory treatment on major depressive disorder or depressive symptoms: meta-analysis of clinical trials","volume":"139","author":"Kohler-Forsberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.12.049","article-title":"Can bipolar disorder be viewed as a multi-system inflammatory disease?","volume":"141","author":"Leboyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.06.034","article-title":"Effects of various statins on depressive symptoms: A network meta-analysis","volume":"293","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib65","first-page":"462","article-title":"Lower plasma Coenzyme Q10 in depression: a marker for treatment resistance and chronic fatigue in depression and a risk factor to cardiovascular disorder in that illness","volume":"30","author":"Maes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-44462011000400011","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine for major depressive episodes in bipolar disorder","volume":"33","author":"Magalhaes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Braz. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867413481631","article-title":"A preliminary investigation on the efficacy of N-acetyl cysteine for mania or hypomania","volume":"47","author":"Magalh\u00e3es","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib68","first-page":"136","article-title":"The underlying neurobiology of bipolar disorder","volume":"2","author":"Manji","year":"2003","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.0779","article-title":"Efficacy of Adjunctive Infliximab vs Placebo in the Treatment of Adults With Bipolar I\/II Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"76","author":"Mcintyre","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31544-0","article-title":"Bipolar disorders","volume":"396","author":"Mcintyre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6610","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)53294-4","article-title":"Differential inhibition of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase (cyclooxygenase) isozymes by aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs","volume":"268","author":"Meade","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000000938","article-title":"Evaluating the Effect of Coenzyme Q10 Augmentation on Treatment of Bipolar Depression: A Double-Blind Controlled Clinical Trial","volume":"38","author":"Mehrpooya","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npbr.2019.07.001","article-title":"Effects of inflammation modulation on tryptophan and kynurenine pathway regulation in treatment resistant bipolar depression","volume":"33","author":"Murata","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurol. Psychiatry Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1515\/hsz-2015-0257","article-title":"Kinins and microglial responses in bipolar disorder: a neuroinflammation hypothesis","volume":"397","author":"Naaldijk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.912","article-title":"Celecoxib as an adjunct in the treatment of depressive or mixed episodes of bipolar disorder: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study","volume":"23","author":"Nery","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.13039","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine as an adjunctive treatment for bipolar depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"23","author":"Nery","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2007.00493.x","article-title":"Immune variations in bipolar disorder: phasic differences","volume":"9","author":"Ortiz-Dominguez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105325","article-title":"Inflammation in Bipolar Disorder (BD): Identification of new therapeutic targets","volume":"163","author":"Pereira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharm. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.2013.811981","article-title":"Neurotrophins, inflammation and oxidative stress as illness activity biomarkers in bipolar disorder","volume":"13","author":"Pfaffenseller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Neurother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-021-05789-9","article-title":"The effect of N-acetylcysteine on bipolar depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"238","author":"Pittas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol. (Berl. )"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12196","article-title":"Melatonin attenuates antipsychotic metabolic effects: an eight-week randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"16","author":"Romo-Nava","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2909","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-019-5175-x","article-title":"Targeting the immune system in the treatment of bipolar disorder","volume":"236","author":"Rosenblat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol. (Berl. )"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12414","article-title":"Are medical comorbid conditions of bipolar disorder due to immune dysfunction?","volume":"132","author":"Rosenblat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2015.09.006","article-title":"Bipolar Disorder and Inflammation","volume":"39","author":"Rosenblat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib85","first-page":"7","article-title":"Bipolar Disorder and Immune Dysfunction: Epidemiological Findings, Proposed Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications","author":"Rosenblat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2014.01.013","article-title":"Inflamed moods: a review of the interactions between inflammation and mood disorders","volume":"53","author":"Rosenblat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib87","first-page":"18","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory agents in the treatment of bipolar depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Rosenblat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099682","article-title":"Evaluating the quality of evidence from a network meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Salanti","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12108","article-title":"Aspirin for treatment of lithium-associated sexual dysfunction in men: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study","volume":"15","author":"Saroukhani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-017-0073-7","article-title":"Treatment of bipolar depression with minocycline and\/or aspirin: an adaptive, 2\u00d72 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase IIA clinical trial","volume":"8","author":"Savitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.12.059","article-title":"Medical comorbidity in bipolar disorder: The link with metabolic-inflammatory systems","volume":"211","author":"Sayuriyamagata","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.5520320121","article-title":"Functions of coenzyme Q10 in inflammation and gene expression","volume":"32","author":"Schmelzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib93","unstructured":"Shakeri, J., Khanegi, M., Golshani, S., Farnia, V., Tatari, F., Alikhani, M., Nooripour, R. & Ghezelbash, M.S. 2016. Effects of omega-3 supplement in the treatment of patients with bipolar I disorder. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2016-May."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3773","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-020-05654-1","article-title":"A phase 2a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, add-on clinical trial of ebselen (SPI-1005) as a novel treatment for mania or hypomania","volume":"237","author":"Sharpley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol. (Berl. )"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.5.407","article-title":"Omega 3 fatty acids in bipolar disorder: a preliminary double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"56","author":"Stoll","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12343","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and acceptability of drug treatments for bipolar depression: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis","volume":"130","author":"Taylor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1167","article-title":"Automated generation of node-splitting models for assessment of inconsistency in network meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Valkenhoef","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res Synth. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18008","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.8","article-title":"Bipolar disorders","volume":"4","author":"Vieta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1188\/15.ONF.552-554","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses","volume":"42","author":"Vrabel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncol. Nurs. Forum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.05.029","article-title":"A randomized trial to examine the effect of mifepristone on neuropsychological performance and mood in patients with bipolar depression","volume":"72","author":"Watson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.13135","article-title":"Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) and International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) recommendations for the management of patients with bipolar disorder with mixed presentations","volume":"23","author":"Yatham","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22340","article-title":"Pioglitazone adjunctive therapy for depressive episode of bipolar disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"32","author":"Zeinoddini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e487","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.14r09204","article-title":"Comparative efficacy, acceptability, and tolerability of augmentation agents in treatment-resistant depression: systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"76","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Asian Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1876201822003926?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1876201822003926?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T16:45:17Z","timestamp":1761756317000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1876201822003926"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"references-count":103,"alternative-id":["S1876201822003926"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394","relation":{},"ISSN":["1876-2018"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1876-2018","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparative efficacy, acceptability, and tolerability of adjunctive anti-inflammatory agents on bipolar disorder: A systemic review and network meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Asian Journal of Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103394","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103394"}}