{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T12:07:13Z","timestamp":1772798833511,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Asian Journal of Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T21:13:30Z","timestamp":1716930810000},"page":"104091","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Psychotropic medications and mortality from cardiovascular disease and suicide for individuals with depression in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4265-0736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Ju","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0303-8173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ling-Ling","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kuei-Hong","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.11.011","article-title":"Associations of substance use patterns with attempted suicide among persons who inject drugs: can distinct use patterns play a role?","volume":"147","author":"Artenie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010278","article-title":"Associations of substance use, abuse, and dependence with subsequent suicidal behavior","volume":"151","author":"Borges","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3233\/JRS-190058","article-title":"Effect of lithium on suicide and mortality in mood disorders: a systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Borjesson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Risk Saf. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.1273","article-title":"Simultaneous antidepressant and benzodiazepine new use and subsequent long-term benzodiazepine use in adults with depression, United States, 2001-2014","volume":"74","author":"Bushnell","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.11.006","article-title":"The influence of diagnosed mental health conditions and symptoms of depression and\/or anxiety on suicide ideation, plan, and attempt among college students: findings from the Healthy Minds Study, 2018-2019","volume":"298","author":"Casey","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103399","article-title":"Incidence, risk and protective factors for suicide mortality among patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"80","author":"Chiu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asian J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-016-0717-y","article-title":"An update on the use of sedative-hypnotic medications in psychiatric disorders","volume":"18","author":"Creado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-004-0007-y","article-title":"Increased mortality in depressive disorders: a review","volume":"6","author":"Cuijpers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3007","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329172000505X","article-title":"Associations between depression and cardiometabolic health: a 27-year longitudinal study","volume":"52","author":"Ditmars","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Benzodiazepines - effects on human performance and behavior","volume":"14","author":"Drummer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S50006","article-title":"Etiology of cardiovascular disease in patients with schizophrenia: current perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Emul","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00294","article-title":"The FDA \"Black Box\" warning on antidepressant suicide risk in young adults: more harm than benefits?","volume":"10","author":"Fornaro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001026","article-title":"Antidepressant plus benzodiazepine for major depression.","author":"Furukawa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.12.017","article-title":"Trajectories of depressive symptoms and risk of cardiovascular disease: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study","volume":"145","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4159","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy475","article-title":"Asleep blood pressure: significant prognostic marker of vascular risk and therapeutic target for prevention","volume":"39","author":"Hermida","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr368","article-title":"Psychotropic medications and the risk of sudden cardiac death during an acute coronary event","volume":"33","author":"Honkola","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2004.00504.x","article-title":"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants and the risk of suicide: a controlled forensic database study of 14,857 suicides","volume":"111","author":"Isacsson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371405900303","article-title":"Suicidal behaviour in mood disorders--who, when, and why?","volume":"59","author":"Isometsa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib19","article-title":"Direct and indirect effects of psychopharmacological treatment on the cardiovascular system","volume":"36","author":"Kahl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Horm. Mol. Biol. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-015-0419-5","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine: a review of its use for sedation in the intensive care setting","volume":"75","author":"Keating","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1983.tb01536.x","article-title":"Side effects of carbamazepine, valproate and clonazepam during long-term treatment of epilepsy","volume":"Suppl. 97","author":"Keranen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib22","first-page":"7","article-title":"Treatment-resistant depression: approaches to treatment","volume":"59","author":"Kverno","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Psychosoc. Nurs. Ment. Health Serv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.041830","article-title":"Genetic liability to insomnia and cardiovascular disease risk","volume":"140","author":"Larsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13509","article-title":"Degree of exposure to psychotropic medications and mortality in people with bipolar disorder","volume":"147","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.13035","article-title":"The 2020 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for mood disorders: major depression summary","volume":"22","author":"Malhi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-6580.94517","article-title":"Antidepressants medications and the relative risk of suicide attempt","volume":"19","author":"Mandour","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.10.003","article-title":"Associations between subtypes of major depressive episodes and substance use disorders","volume":"186","author":"Marmorstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145712001496","article-title":"On 'polypharmacy' and multi-target agents, complementary strategies for improving the treatment of depression: a comparative appraisal","volume":"17","author":"Millan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.02.053","article-title":"Estimating the risk of suicide associated with mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis","volume":"137","author":"Moitra","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib30","unstructured":"National Health Insurance Administration, 2018. 2018-2019 National Health Insurance Annual Report. Retrieved from\u3008\u3008https:\/\/www.nhi.gov.tw\/resource\/Webdata\/2018-19%E5%85%A8%E6%B0%91%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%AA%E5%B9%B4%E5%A0%B1.pdf\u3009\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.9.844","article-title":"Excess mortality in bipolar and unipolar disorder in Sweden","volume":"58","author":"Osby","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796020000694","article-title":"Excess mortality and shortened life expectancy in people with major mental illnesses in Taiwan","volume":"29","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Psychiatr. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.3.221","article-title":"Depression and cardiac mortality: results from a community-based longitudinal study","volume":"58","author":"Penninx","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib34","first-page":"2861","article-title":"Antidepressants and suicide risk: a comprehensive overview","volume":"3","author":"Pompili","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharm. (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0806994","article-title":"Atypical antipsychotic drugs and the risk of sudden cardiac death","volume":"360","author":"Ray","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61842-0","article-title":"Long-term effects of lithium on renal, thyroid, and parathyroid function: a retrospective analysis of laboratory data","volume":"386","author":"Shine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib37","first-page":"357","article-title":"When is antidepressant polypharmacy appropriate in the treatment of depression?","volume":"26","author":"Si","year":"2014","journal-title":"Shanghai Arch. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12243","article-title":"Medical burden in bipolar disorder: findings from the clinical and health outcomes initiative in comparative effectiveness for bipolar disorder study (Bipolar CHOICE)","volume":"17","author":"Sylvia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib39","series-title":"The Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines in Psychiatry","author":"Taylor","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2015.15050618","article-title":"Mortality and cumulative exposure to antipsychotics, antidepressants, and benzodiazepines in patients with schizophrenia: an observational follow-up study","volume":"173","author":"Tiihonen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.02.033","article-title":"The epidemiology of benzodiazepine misuse: a systematic review","volume":"200","author":"Votaw","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.50","article-title":"Major depressive disorder and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity: results from a large cohort study","volume":"66","author":"Vreeburg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.104","article-title":"The associations of late-life depression with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: the NHANES 2005-2014","volume":"300","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.10.060","article-title":"Depression and risk of sudden cardiac death and coronary heart disease in women: results from the Nurses' Health Study","volume":"53","author":"Whang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib45","unstructured":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, 2012. Guidelines for ATC classification and DDD assignment 2013, 16th edition."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.02.034","article-title":"The association of depression and all-cause mortality: explanatory factors and the influence of gender","volume":"303","author":"Wicke","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.114.001568","article-title":"Antipsychotic drugs and the risk of ventricular arrhythmia and\/or sudden cardiac death: a nation-wide case-crossover study","volume":"4","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.03.005","article-title":"Depression duration and risk of incident cardiovascular disease: a population-based six-year cohort study","volume":"305","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."}],"container-title":["Asian Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1876201824001849?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1876201824001849?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T22:02:23Z","timestamp":1722376943000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1876201824001849"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S1876201824001849"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091","relation":{},"ISSN":["1876-2018"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1876-2018","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Psychotropic medications and mortality from cardiovascular disease and suicide for individuals with depression in Taiwan","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Asian Journal of Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104091","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104091"}}