{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T20:02:46Z","timestamp":1778702566007,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Asian Journal of Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T11:18:06Z","timestamp":1751887086000},"page":"104615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Beyond the human touch: A critical review of the promise and challenges of animal- and robot-assisted therapy in loneliness and mental healthcare"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9451-168X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lindsey","family":"Bertin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey S.","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gopikrishna","family":"Deshpande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Krueger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usx073","article-title":"Animal-assisted therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: Lessons from \u201ccase reports\u201d in media stories","volume":"183","author":"Altschuler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a006888","article-title":"At issue: Stress, hippocampal neuronal turnover, and neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"27","author":"Arango","year":"2001","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib3","series-title":"In 2018 World Symposium on Digital Intelligence for Systems and Machines (DISA)","first-page":"23","article-title":"Therabot\u2014an adaptive therapeutic support robot","author":"Bethel","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib4","article-title":"Dog visiting programs for managing depressive symptoms in older adults: A meta-analysis","author":"Borgi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.15181\/tbb.v92i1.2624","article-title":"The efficiency of animal-assisted therapy for children with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"92","author":"Brazdeikien\u0117","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tiltai"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib6","first-page":"1935","article-title":"Social robotics","volume":"72","author":"Breazeal","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7350a5","article-title":"Mental health treatment trends among adults aged \u226518 years, by age group\u2014United States, 2019\u20132023","volume":"73","author":"Briones","year":"2024","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1177\/1054773819867250","article-title":"Effectiveness of a dog-assisted therapy program to enhance quality of life in institutionalized dementia patients","volume":"30","author":"Briones","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Nurs. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1515\/pjbr-2021-0010","article-title":"Getting in touch with children with autism: Specialist guidelines for a touch-perceiving robot","volume":"12","author":"Burns","year":"2020","journal-title":"Paladyn J. Behav. Robot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00631","article-title":"Animal assisted therapy (AAT) program as a useful adjunct to conventional psychosocial rehabilitation for patients with schizophrenia: Results of a small-scale randomized controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"Calvo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib11","article-title":"Animal-assisted therapy in children living with autism spectrum disorder: A literature review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"9","author":"Cede\u00f1o-Bruzual","year":"2023","journal-title":"Princ. Pract. Clin. Res. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/wvn.12484","article-title":"Animal-assisted therapy as an intervention for older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis to guide evidence-based practice","volume":"18","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Evid. Based Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2018.06.011","article-title":"Animal-assisted therapy in adults: A systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Charry-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Complement. Ther. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114619","article-title":"Effects of animal-assisted therapy on patients with dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"314","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib15","article-title":"Animal-assisted therapy in middle-aged and older patients with schizophrenia: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib16","unstructured":"Cirulli, F., Borgi, M., Berry, A., Francia, N., & Alleva, E. (2011). Animal-assisted interventions as innovative tools for mental health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4415\/Ann_11_04_04."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib17","first-page":"575","article-title":"Effects of pet therapy on the psychological and physiological stress levels of first-year female undergraduates","volume":"17","author":"Crump","year":"2015","journal-title":"North Am. J. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2470547017710916","article-title":"Neurobiology of chronic stress-related psychiatric disorders: Evidence from molecular imaging studies","volume":"1","author":"Davis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chronic Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2018-000371","article-title":"Can social robots help children in healthcare contexts? A scoping review","volume":"3","author":"Dawe","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Paediatr. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib20","series-title":"In Encyclopedia of Mental Health","first-page":"175","article-title":"Social isolation and loneliness","author":"De Jong Gierveld","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.3390\/s22031287","article-title":"Designing man\u2019s new best friend: Enhancing human-robot dog interaction through dog-like framing and appearance","volume":"22","author":"De Visser","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib22","first-page":"236","article-title":"Animal-assisted therapy \u2013 a new trend in the treatment of children and adults","volume":"21","author":"Dimitrijevi\u0107","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Danub."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib23","author":"Dorne","year":"2024","journal-title":"Implement. Anim. Assist. Ther. Psychiatr. intakes. Univ. San. Diego"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1095996","article-title":"Network meta-analysis of comparative efficacy of animal-assisted therapy vs. pet-robot therapy in the management of dementia","volume":"15","author":"Du","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurpra.2021.02.001","article-title":"Integrating animal-assisted interventions in United States veterans with self-reported post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"17","author":"Farmer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Assoc. Nurse Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104375","article-title":"Tom and Pepper Lab\u201d. Robotics for cognitive stimulation and social skills: A preliminary study","volume":"104","author":"Figliano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Asian J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1177\/08980101211064605","article-title":"The impact of robotic companion pets on depression and loneliness for older adults with dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"40","author":"Fogelson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Holist. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/36094","article-title":"Social robot interventions in mental health care and their outcomes, barriers, and facilitators: Scoping review","volume":"9","author":"Guemghar","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMIR Ment. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ajpn.20221001.13","article-title":"Equine-assisted therapy as a complementary approach for adolescents with post-traumatic stress disorder: A preliminary study after a terrorist attack","volume":"10","author":"Hameury","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720811417254","article-title":"A meta-analysis of factors affecting trust in human-robot interaction","volume":"53","author":"Hancock","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Factor. J. Hum. Factor. Ergon. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12331","article-title":"Loneliness and mental health in children and adolescents with pre-existing mental health problems: A rapid systematic review","volume":"61","author":"Hards","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.05.013","article-title":"Animal-assisted therapy for schizophrenia and related disorders: A systematic review","volume":"115","author":"Hawkins","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib33","unstructured":"Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. (2013). 45 CFR \u00a7\u00a7 160, 162, 164."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4106","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-020-04483-7","article-title":"Canine assisted occupational therapy for children on the autism spectrum: A pilot randomised control trial","volume":"50","author":"Hill","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691614568352","article-title":"Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: A meta-analytic review","volume":"10","author":"Holt-Lunstad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11963","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182211963","article-title":"Loneliness and mental health: The mediating effect of perceived social support","volume":"18","author":"Hutten","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1080\/15332985.2017.1302037","article-title":"How interaction with animals can benefit mental health: A phenomenological study","volume":"16","author":"Jau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc. Work Ment. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1080\/01612840.2018.1440450","article-title":"Equine-assisted therapeutic interventions among individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. A systematic review","volume":"39","author":"Jormfeldt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Issues Ment. Health Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib39","first-page":"1","article-title":"Can AI-assisted therapy (PARO robot) be a treatment option for children hospitalised in an acute mental health ward?","author":"Ka\u0142wa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Pol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2021.e115","article-title":"Effects of the multimodal intervention program including animal-assisted therapy on depression and self-esteem among university students","volume":"63","author":"Kil","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-019-2245-x","article-title":"Effectiveness of the dog therapy for patients with dementia - A systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Klimova","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1506776","article-title":"Social robots in adult psychiatry: A summary of utilisation and impact","volume":"16","author":"Kling","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.11.002","article-title":"Should we love robots? \u2013 The most liked qualities of companion dogs and how they can be implemented in social robots","volume":"80","author":"Konok","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.2881","article-title":"Relation of post-traumatic stress disorder symptom severity to the efficacy of an animal-assisted intervention for stress reduction after military aeromedical evacuation","volume":"35","author":"Krause-Parello","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stress Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s10071-021-01472-w","article-title":"Human\u2013dog relationships as a working framework for exploring human-robot attachment: A multidisciplinary review","volume":"24","author":"Krueger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Cogn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1080\/09540261.2020.1839391","article-title":"Approaches to assessing the impact of robotics in geriatric mental health care: A scoping review","volume":"33","author":"Kulpa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.752874","article-title":"Social robots for supporting post-traumatic stress disorder diagnosis and treatment","volume":"12","author":"Laban","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib48","article-title":"Stress and health","author":"Larzelere","year":"2008","journal-title":"Elsevier Inc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib49","series-title":"In Eyes on Health Sciences V.02.","article-title":"Therapy with dog assistant for treatment of anxiety in oncology patients","author":"Lima","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.54254\/2753-7048\/32\/20230667","article-title":"The efficacy of dog-assisted therapy in enhancing the treatment outcomes for children, adults, and the elderly","volume":"32","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lect. Notes Educ. Psychol. Public Media"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-05284-7","article-title":"Implementation feasibility of animal-assisted therapy in a pediatric intensive care unit: Effectiveness on reduction of pain, fear, and anxiety","volume":"183","author":"L\u00f3pez-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-017-1844-7","article-title":"Patient benefit of dog-assisted interventions in health care: A systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Lundqvist","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Med. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.robot.2022.104193","article-title":"A survey on the design and evolution of social robots \u2014 Past, present and future","volume":"156","author":"Mahdi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Robot. Auton. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mann, F., Wang, J., Pearce, E., Ma, R., Schleif, M., Lloyd-Evans, B., & Johnson, S. (2021). Loneliness and the onset of new mental health problems in the general population: A systematic review. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.01.26.21250587.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.01.26.21250587"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib55","series-title":"Springer Handbook of Robotics","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-32552-1_73","article-title":"Socially assistive robotics","author":"Matari\u0107","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0302.102144","article-title":"Social environment influences the progression of atherosclerosis in the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit","volume":"105","author":"McCabe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib57","series-title":"New Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, Lecture Notes in Computer Science","first-page":"478","article-title":"Usefulness of animal type robot assisted therapy for autism spectrum disorder in the child and adolescent psychiatric ward","author":"Nakadoi","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21767\/AMJ.2016.2666","article-title":"A pet-type robot AIBO-assisted therapy as a day care program for chronic schizophrenia patients","volume":"9","author":"Narita","year":"2016","journal-title":"Australas. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.7748\/nop2014.03.26.3.31.e517","article-title":"Effects of dog-assisted intervention on behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia: Lena Nordgren and Gabriella Engstr\u00f6m present the results from a study that used dogs as an alternative or a complement to pharmacological treatments","volume":"26","author":"Nordgren","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nurs. Older People"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.30574\/ijsra.2023.9.2.0556","article-title":"Robotics for autistic children","volume":"9","author":"Ntaountaki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. Res. Arch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-019-01778-8","article-title":"The bidirectional relationship between loneliness and common mental disorders in adults: Findings from a longitudinal population-based cohort study","volume":"55","author":"Nuyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4436","article-title":"Effect of animal-assisted interventions on depression, agitation and quality of life in nursing home residents suffering from cognitive impairment or dementia: A cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"31","author":"Olsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8060150","article-title":"Animal-assisted and pet-robot interventions for ameliorating behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988718774634","article-title":"Animal-assisted therapy in elderly patients: Evidence and controversies in dementia and psychiatric disorders and future perspectives in other neurological diseases","volume":"31","author":"Peluso","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5592","article-title":"Associations of loneliness with poor physical health, poor mental health and health risk behaviours among a nationally representative community-dwelling sample of middle-aged and older adults in India","volume":"36","author":"Pengpid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-6612.2008.00317.x","article-title":"Dog-assisted therapy for older people with dementia: A review","volume":"27","author":"Perkins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Australas. J. Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gny046","article-title":"The effectiveness of social robots for older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies","volume":"59","author":"Pu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2014.07.001","article-title":"Integrating socially assistive robotics into mental healthcare interventions: Applications and recommendations for expanded use","volume":"35","author":"Rabbitt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1177\/153331750301800610","article-title":"Effects of animal-assisted therapy on agitated behaviors and social interactions of older adults with dementia","volume":"18","author":"Richeson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Alzheimer\u2019S. Dis. Other Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12882","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182412882","article-title":"Evidence of animal-assisted therapy in neurological diseases in adults: A systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/13322","article-title":"Use of social robots in mental health and well-being research: Systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Scoglio","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613221085338","article-title":"Calm with horses? A systematic review of animal-assisted interventions for improving social functioning in children with autism","volume":"26","author":"Sissons","year":"2022","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.54097\/xeagmq53","article-title":"Current status and prospects of robot dog application","volume":"76","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Highlights Sci. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.22365\/jpsych.2021.009","article-title":"Social isolation and loneliness in old age: Exploring their role in mental and physical health","author":"Tragantzopoulou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatriki"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib75","series-title":"Alone together: Why we expect more from technology and less from each other","author":"Turkle","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1192075","article-title":"Dog-assisted interventions for adults diagnosed with schizophrenia and related disorders: A systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Tyssedal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2024.103023","article-title":"Effectiveness of animal-assisted therapy and pet-robot interventions in reducing depressive symptoms among older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"80","author":"Villarreal-Zegarra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Complement. Ther. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1736-5","article-title":"Associations between loneliness and perceived social support and outcomes of mental health problems: A systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib79","series-title":"New legal developments herald big changes for HIPAA compliance in 2025","author":"Whaley","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-019-03971-9","article-title":"Effects of dog assisted therapy for adults with autism spectrum disorder: An exploratory randomized controlled trial","volume":"50","author":"Wijker","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5171","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10215171","article-title":"Can dog-assisted intervention decrease anxiety level and autonomic agitation in patients with anxiety disorders?","volume":"10","author":"Wo\u0142y\u0144czyk-Gmaj","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib82","article-title":"The benefits of dog-assisted therapy for children with anxiety","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychother. Couns. J. Aust."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4737","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-54286-4","article-title":"Robot therapy aids mental health in patients with hematological malignancy during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a protective isolation unit","volume":"14","author":"Yamada","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-2009-z","article-title":"Effects of dog-assisted therapy in adults with dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Zafra-Tanaka","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Asian Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1876201825002588?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1876201825002588?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T08:10:09Z","timestamp":1767773409000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1876201825002588"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":84,"alternative-id":["S1876201825002588"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615","relation":{},"ISSN":["1876-2018"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1876-2018","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Beyond the human touch: A critical review of the promise and challenges of animal- and robot-assisted therapy in loneliness and mental healthcare","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Asian Journal of Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104615","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104615"}}