{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:47:21Z","timestamp":1790866041804,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]],"date-time":"2011-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1314835200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]],"date-time":"2019-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3025,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,23]],"date-time":"2011-07-23T13:23:21Z","timestamp":1311427401000},"page":"1385-1393","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Overexpression of the \u03b2 Subunit of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Promotes the Transformation of Human Ovarian Epithelial Cells and Ovarian Tumorigenesis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"179","author":[{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangzhi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaiah G.","family":"Schauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imelda","family":"Mercado-Uribe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiwu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanli","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinsong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.018_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.20006","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2009","volume":"59","author":"Jemal","year":"2009","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.018_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6312","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-3610","article-title":"Notch3 gene amplification in ovarian cancer","volume":"66","author":"Park","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.018_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pathol.4.110807.092246","article-title":"Ovarian cancer","volume":"4","author":"Cho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.018_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-9-111","article-title":"KRAS mutation analysis in ovarian samples using a high sensitivity biochip assay","volume":"9","author":"Auner","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.018_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31802cbbe9","article-title":"The development of high-grade serous carcinoma from atypical proliferative (borderline) serous tumors and low-grade micropapillary serous carcinoma: a morphologic and molecular genetic analysis","volume":"31","author":"Dehari","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.018_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.50.070181.002341","article-title":"Glycoprotein hormones: structure and function","volume":"50","author":"Pierce","year":"1981","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.018_bib7","first-page":"21","article-title":"Human chorionic gonadotropin, its free subunits and gestational trophoblastic disease","volume":"36","author":"Ozturk","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.018_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3109\/02841869209088275","article-title":"Choriocarcinoma: a model for tumour markers","volume":"31","author":"Bagshawe","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.018_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1438.2007.01151.x","article-title":"Coexpression of human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit and its receptor in nontrophoblastic gynecological cancer","volume":"18","author":"Jankowska","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.018_bib10","first-page":"465","article-title":"Expression of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin in ovarian cancer tissue","volume":"25","author":"Nowak-Markwitz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Gynaecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.018_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1996.458","article-title":"Independent prognostic value of preoperative serum markers CA 242, specific tissue polypeptide antigen and human chorionic gonadotrophin beta, but not of carcinoembryonic antigen or tissue polypeptide antigen in colorectal cancer","volume":"74","author":"Carpelan-Holmstr\u00f6m","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.018_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1995.tb01697.x","article-title":"Measurement of human chorionic gonadotropin-related immunoreactivity in serum, ascites and tumour cysts of patients with gynaecologic malignancies","volume":"25","author":"Grossmann","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.018_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1994.tb00978.x","article-title":"Alpha-subunit and human chorionic gonadotropin-beta immunoreactivity in patients with malignant endocrine gastroenteropancreatic tumours","volume":"24","author":"Grossmann","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.018_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1991.182","article-title":"Serum and urinary levels of beta human chorionic gonadotrophin in patients with transitional cell carcinoma","volume":"63","author":"McLoughlin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.018_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01209599","article-title":"The role of human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit elevation in small-cell lung cancer patients","volume":"121","author":"Szturmowicz","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.018_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.1996.82910.x","article-title":"Urinary concentration of human chorionic gonadotrophin and its fragments as a prognostic marker in bladder cancer","volume":"77","author":"Iles","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.018_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1996.56","article-title":"The effects of beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin on the in vitro growth of bladder cancer cell lines","volume":"73","author":"Gillott","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.018_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-4598-7-26","article-title":"Reduction of human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit expression by modified U1 snRNA caused apoptosis in cervical cancer cells","volume":"7","author":"Jankowska","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.018_bib19","first-page":"123","article-title":"Localization of human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit transcripts in ovarian cancer tissue","volume":"42","author":"Nowak-Markwitz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Folia Histochem Cytobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.018_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181cf3d79","article-title":"The origin and pathogenesis of epithelial ovarian cancer: a proposed unifying theory","volume":"34","author":"Kurman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.018_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-03-3380","article-title":"A genetically defined model for human ovarian cancer","volume":"64","author":"Liu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.018_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4339","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M311153200","article-title":"Inhibition of breast and ovarian tumor growth through multiple signaling pathways by using retrovirus-mediated small interfering RNA against Her-2\/neu gene expression","volume":"279","author":"Yang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.018_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5694","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1206858","article-title":"Silencing of H-ras gene expression by retrovirus-mediated siRNA decreases transformation efficiency and tumorgrowth in a model of human ovarian cancer","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.018_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21767","article-title":"Cyclin E expression is correlated with tumor progression and predicts a poor prognosis in patients with ovarian carcinoma","volume":"106","author":"Rosen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.018_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3694","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0249","article-title":"Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) up-regulates wnt5b and wnt7b in the mammary gland, and hCGbeta transgenic female mice present with mammary gland tumors exhibiting characteristics of the Wnt\/beta-catenin pathway activation","volume":"148","author":"Kuorelahti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.018_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-008-0458-3","article-title":"Beta-hCG\/LH receptor (b-hCG\/LH-R) expression is increased in invasive versus preinvasive breast cancer: implications for breast carcinogenesis","volume":"135","author":"Hudelist","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.018_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4084","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-220490","article-title":"Reproductive disturbances, pituitary lactotrope adenomas, and mammary gland tumors in transgenic female mice producing high levels of human chorionic gonadotropin","volume":"143","author":"Rulli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocrinology"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002944011005177?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002944011005177?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]],"date-time":"2019-12-13T11:44:51Z","timestamp":1576237491000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002944011005177"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002944011005177"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9440"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9440","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}}}