{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:00:36Z","timestamp":1790690436059,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]],"date-time":"2012-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]],"date-time":"2012-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]],"date-time":"2013-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":502,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"British Heart Foundation project","award":["PG\/08\/051\/25141, FS\/07\/021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PG\/08\/051\/25141, FS\/07\/021"]}]},{"name":"Medical Research Council","award":["G0900535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G0900535"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajp.amjpathol.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,30]],"date-time":"2011-12-30T23:41:52Z","timestamp":1325288512000},"page":"929-939","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["The NF-\u03baB Subunit c-Rel Stimulates Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"180","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"Gaspar-Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Fullard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Townsend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul S.","family":"Banks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth L.","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aidan G.","family":"Maxwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay B.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Kirk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge H.","family":"Caama\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nichola","family":"Figg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger S.","family":"Foo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jelena","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek A.","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Oakley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2010.08.015","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities for cardiovascular disease prevention","volume":"124","author":"Franco","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2008.02.020","article-title":"Molecular regulation of cardiac hypertrophy","volume":"40","author":"Barry","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80043-4","article-title":"Stress pathways and heart failure","volume":"98","author":"Chien","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.65.092101.142243","article-title":"Cardiac hypertrophy: the good, the bad, and the ugly","volume":"65","author":"Frey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10C","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(94)90618-1","article-title":"Molecular basis of regression of cardiac hypertrophy","volume":"73","author":"Chevalier","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1097\/HCO.0b013e3282294d72","article-title":"Reversal of cardiac remodeling by modulation of adrenergic receptors: a new frontier in heart failure","volume":"22","author":"Perrino","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2005.06.030","article-title":"Reverse remodeling following insertion of left ventricular assist devices (LVAD): a review of the morphological and molecular changes","volume":"68","author":"Wohlschlaeger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1228704","article-title":"Signaling to NF-kappaB","volume":"18","author":"Hayden","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-005-0691-z","article-title":"Role of the NF-kappaB signaling cascade and NF-kappaB-targeted genes in failing human hearts","volume":"83","author":"Gupta","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Mol Med (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1712","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00124.2004","article-title":"NF-kappaB activation is required for the development of cardiac hypertrophy in vivo","volume":"287","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20090557","article-title":"Role of nuclear factor kappaB in cardiovascular health and disease","volume":"118","author":"Van der Heiden","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvp237","article-title":"NF-kappaB activation is required for adaptive cardiac hypertrophy","volume":"84","author":"Zelarayan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.110.226928","article-title":"Multiple facets of NF-kappaB in the heart: to be or not to NF-kappaB","volume":"108","author":"Gordon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(02)00723-X","article-title":"Sustained activation of nuclear factor kappa B and activator protein 1 in chronic heart failure","volume":"57","author":"Frantz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib15","first-page":"222","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase-2 and nuclear factor-kappaB in myocardium of end stage human heart failure","volume":"5","author":"Saito","year":"1999","journal-title":"Congest Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-11-89","article-title":"Nuclear factor (NF) kappaB polymorphism is associated with heart function in patients with heart failure","volume":"11","author":"Santos","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-10-47","article-title":"Functional polymorphism of the NFKB1 gene promoter is related to the risk of dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"10","author":"Zhou","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H20","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00082.2005","article-title":"Inhibition of NF-kappaB induces regression of cardiac hypertrophy, independent of blood pressure control, in spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"289","author":"Gupta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2005.04.030","article-title":"Blockade of NF-kappaB ameliorates myocardial hypertrophy in response to chronic infusion of angiotensin II [Erratum appeared in Cardiovasc Res 2006;69:556]","volume":"67","author":"Kawano","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1337","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01175.2005","article-title":"Blockade of NF-kappaB improves cardiac function and survival after myocardial infarction","volume":"291","author":"Kawano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.108.189746","article-title":"Targeted deletion of nuclear factor kappaB p50 enhances cardiac remodeling and dysfunction following myocardial infarction","volume":"104","author":"Timmers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.109.202200","article-title":"Antioxidant amelioration of dilated cardiomyopathy caused by conditional deletion of NEMO\/IKKgamma in cardiomyocytes","volume":"106","author":"Kratsios","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.108.193318","article-title":"The I{kappa}B kinase {beta}\/nuclear factor {kappa}B signaling pathway protects the heart from hemodynamic stress mediated by the regulation of manganese superoxide dismutase expression","volume":"105","author":"Hikoso","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.10.030","article-title":"NF-kappaB signalling: embracing complexity to achieve translation","volume":"52","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.08.007","article-title":"One nucleotide in a kappaB site can determine cofactor specificity for NF-kappaB dimers","volume":"118","author":"Leung","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6717","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1209937","article-title":"Post-translational modifications regulating the activity and function of the nuclear factor kappa B pathway","volume":"25","author":"Perkins","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(02)00477-X","article-title":"The phosphorylation status of nuclear NF-kappa B determines its association with CBP\/p300 or HDAC-1","volume":"9","author":"Zhong","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI8298","article-title":"Distinct roles for the NF-kappaB1 (p50) and c-Rel transcription factors in inflammatory arthritis","volume":"105","author":"Campbell","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3181654957","article-title":"Hepatic nuclear factor kappa B regulates neutrophil recruitment to the injured brain","volume":"67","author":"Campbell","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6781","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1209944","article-title":"Unravelling the complexities of the NF-kappaB signalling pathway using mouse knockout and transgenic models","volume":"25","author":"Gerondakis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23385","article-title":"The c-Rel subunit of nuclear factor-kappaB regulates murine liver inflammation, wound-healing, and hepatocyte proliferation","volume":"51","author":"Gieling","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2007.05.004","article-title":"Nuclear factor-kappaB1: regulation and function","volume":"40","author":"Pereira","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8118","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.12.8118","article-title":"c-Rel is essential for the development of innate and T cell-induced colitis","volume":"180","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/11.3.361","article-title":"c-Rel is crucial for lymphocyte proliferation but dispensable for T cell effector function","volume":"11","author":"Liou","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90415-8","article-title":"Targeted disruption of the p50 subunit of NF-kappa B leads to multifocal defects in immune responses","volume":"80","author":"Sha","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2973","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.24.2973","article-title":"Ablation of serotonin 5-HT(2B) receptors in mice leads to abnormal cardiac structure and function","volume":"103","author":"Nebigil","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.5.1529","article-title":"Distinct combinations of NF-kappa B subunits determine the specificity of transcriptional activation","volume":"89","author":"Perkins","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401979","article-title":"Regulation of myofibroblast transdifferentiation by DNA methylation and MeCP2: implications for wound healing and fibrogenesis","volume":"14","author":"Mann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.10.002","article-title":"MeCP2 controls an epigenetic pathway that promotes myofibroblast transdifferentiation and fibrosis","volume":"138","author":"Mann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22278","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M500936200","article-title":"The forkhead box m1 transcription factor is essential for embryonic development of pulmonary vasculature","volume":"280","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3727\/000000003108749044","article-title":"Rapid hepatocyte nuclear translocation of the forkhead box M1B (FoxM1B) transcription factor caused a transient increase in size of regenerating transgenic hepatocytes","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gene Expr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1038\/nm789","article-title":"Mitochondrial deficiency and cardiac sudden death in mice lacking the MEF2A transcription factor","volume":"8","author":"Naya","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2005.10.001","article-title":"The role of natriuretic peptides in cardioprotection","volume":"69","author":"Nishikimi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2005.02.007","article-title":"Blockade of NF-kappaB improves cardiac function and survival without affecting inflammation in TNF-alpha-induced cardiomyopathy","volume":"66","author":"Kawamura","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1753","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00416.2003","article-title":"Cardioprotection involves activation of NF-kappa B via PKC-dependent tyrosine and serine phosphorylation of I kappa B-alpha","volume":"285","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1006\/jmcc.2001.1385","article-title":"Effect of NF-kappa B Inhibition on TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis and downstream pathways in cardiomyocytes","volume":"33","author":"Bergmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib47","first-page":"731","article-title":"rel\/NF-kappa B nuclear complexes that bind kB sites in the murine c-rel promoter are required for constitutive c-rel transcription in B-cells","volume":"4","author":"Grumont","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell Growth Differ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib48","first-page":"245","article-title":"The murine c-rel proto-oncogene encodes two mRNAs the expression of which is modulated by lymphoid stimuli","volume":"5","author":"Grumont","year":"1990","journal-title":"Oncogene Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9152","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M510217200","article-title":"Myocyte enhancer factors 2A and 2C induce dilated cardiomyopathy in transgenic mice","volume":"281","author":"Xu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4131","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.008367","article-title":"MEF2: a central regulator of diverse developmental programs","volume":"134","author":"Potthoff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Development"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002944011010704?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002944011010704?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T14:37:40Z","timestamp":1757601460000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002944011010704"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002944011010704"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9440"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9440","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The NF-\u03baB Subunit c-Rel Stimulates Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Pathology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2012 American Society for Investigative Pathology. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}