{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T02:14:16Z","timestamp":1790302456627,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]],"date-time":"2013-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375315200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]],"date-time":"2013-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375315200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]],"date-time":"2019-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2325,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000261","name":"Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajp.amjpathol.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,5]],"date-time":"2013-06-05T09:46:02Z","timestamp":1370425562000},"page":"516-525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Susceptibility to Injury in Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"183","author":[{"given":"Qiao-Ling","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Kuhlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronique E.","family":"Miron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soo Yuen","family":"Leong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Gris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy E.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermina","family":"Almazan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Antel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16383","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3411-10.2010","article-title":"NG2 glia generate new oligodendrocytes but few astrocytes in a murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of demyelinating disease","volume":"30","author":"Tripathi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2010.04.002","article-title":"CNS-resident glial progenitor\/stem cells produce Schwann cells as well as oligodendrocytes during repair of CNS demyelination","volume":"6","author":"Zawadzka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.2.293","article-title":"Identification of the adult resting progenitor cell by autoradiographic tracking of oligodendrocyte precursors in experimental CNS demyelination","volume":"121","author":"Carroll","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2480","article-title":"Remyelination in the CNS: from biology to therapy","volume":"9","author":"Franklin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80359-1","article-title":"Endogenous progenitors remyelinate demyelinated axons in the adult CNS","volume":"19","author":"Gensert","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn096","article-title":"Differentiation block of oligodendroglial progenitor cells as a cause for remyelination failure in chronic multiple sclerosis","volume":"131","author":"Kuhlmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S42","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100022423","article-title":"New directions in multiple sclerosis therapy: matching therapy with pathogenesis","volume":"37","author":"Antel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2313030996","article-title":"Microvascular abnormality in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: perfusion MR imaging findings in normal-appearing white matter","volume":"231","author":"Law","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(02)00421-5","article-title":"Hypoxia-like tissue injury as a component of multiple sclerosis lesions","volume":"206","author":"Lassmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws012","article-title":"NADPH oxidase expression in active multiple sclerosis lesions in relation to oxidative tissue damage and mitochondrial injury","volume":"135","author":"Fischer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2011.08.004","article-title":"The molecular basis of neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis","volume":"585","author":"Lassmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21800","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis: distribution of inflammatory cells in newly forming lesions","volume":"66","author":"Henderson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1255","article-title":"Immunopathology of secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"50","author":"Prineas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)60597-7","article-title":"Oligodendrocyte injury is an early event in lesions of multiple sclerosis","volume":"68","author":"Rodriguez","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"Pt 7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn105","article-title":"Mitochondrial defects in acute multiple sclerosis lesions","volume":"131","author":"Mahad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20736","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction as a cause of axonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"59","author":"Dutta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr110","article-title":"Increased mitochondrial content in remyelinated axons: implications for multiple sclerosis","volume":"134","author":"Zambonin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19981201)54:5<574::AID-JNR2>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"TNFalpha potentiates IFNgamma-induced cell death in oligodendrocyte progenitors","volume":"54","author":"Andrews","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10123","article-title":"Catecholamine-induced oligodendrocyte cell death in culture is developmentally regulated and involves free radical generation and differential activation of caspase-3","volume":"40","author":"Khorchid","year":"2002","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.00981.x","article-title":"AMPA receptor-mediated toxicity in oligodendrocyte progenitors involves free radical generation and activation of JNK, calpain and caspase 3","volume":"82","author":"Liu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02488.x","article-title":"Developmental differences in HO-induced oligodendrocyte cell death: role of glutathione, mitogen-activated protein kinases and caspase 3","volume":"90","author":"Fragoso","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.21052","article-title":"Injury and differentiation following inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV in rat oligodendrocytes","volume":"58","author":"Ziabreva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410380514","article-title":"Monocyte\/macrophage differentiation in early multiple sclerosis lesions","volume":"38","author":"Bruck","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200006)47:6<707::AID-ANA3>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"Heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis lesions: implications for the pathogenesis of demyelination","volume":"47","author":"Lucchinetti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.8.2709","article-title":"Development of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells studied with a monoclonal antibody against galactocerebroside","volume":"79","author":"Ranscht","year":"1982","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63266-X","article-title":"Distinctive properties of human adult brain-derived myelin progenitor cells","volume":"165","author":"Ruffini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4913","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.76.10.4913","article-title":"Monoclonal antibody to a plasma membrane antigen of neurons","volume":"76","author":"Eisenbarth","year":"1979","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(81)90477-2","article-title":"Monoclonal antibodies (O1 to O4) to oligodendrocyte cell surfaces: an immunocytological study in the central nervous system","volume":"83","author":"Sommer","year":"1981","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20812","article-title":"Complementary patterns of gene expression by human oligodendrocyte progenitors and their environment predict determinants of progenitor maintenance and differentiation","volume":"59","author":"Sim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20567","article-title":"p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is required for central nervous system myelination","volume":"55","author":"Fragoso","year":"2007","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4089","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.7.4089","article-title":"Adult brain retains the potential to generate oligodendroglial progenitors with extensive myelination capacity","volume":"96","author":"Zhang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2554","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm202","article-title":"Semaphorin 3A and 3F: key players in myelin repair in multiple sclerosis?","volume":"130","author":"Williams","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1038\/nm974","article-title":"Fetal and adult human oligodendrocyte progenitor cell isolates myelinate the congenitally dysmyelinated brain","volume":"10","author":"Windrem","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2008.03.020","article-title":"Neonatal chimerization with human glial progenitor cells can both remyelinate and rescue the otherwise lethally hypomyelinated shiverer mouse","volume":"2","author":"Windrem","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410350111","article-title":"Oligodendrocytes in the early course of multiple sclerosis","volume":"35","author":"Bruck","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1996.tb00895.x","article-title":"Failure to achieve remyelination of demyelinated rat axons following transplantation of glial cells obtained from the adult human brain","volume":"22","author":"Targett","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199711000-00003","article-title":"Identification of post-mitotic oligodendrocytes incapable of remyelination within the demyelinated adult spinal cord","volume":"56","author":"Keirstead","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.08.004","article-title":"Endogenous or exogenous oligodendrocytes for remyelination","volume":"265","author":"Blakemore","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3181ef3be4","article-title":"Response of human oligodendrocyte progenitors to growth factors and axon signals","volume":"69","author":"Cui","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WCB.0000053472.41007.F9","article-title":"Oligodendrocytes and ischemic brain injury","volume":"23","author":"Dewar","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20880","article-title":"Maturation-dependent oligodendrocyte apoptosis caused by hyperoxia","volume":"84","author":"Gerstner","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3213-07.2008","article-title":"Hyperoxia causes maturation-dependent cell death in the developing white matter","volume":"28","author":"Gerstner","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.19.1.751","article-title":"Withdrawal of survival factors results in activation of the JNK pathway in neuronal cells leading to Fas ligand induction and cell death","volume":"19","author":"Le-Niculescu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400996","article-title":"Fas, ceramide and serum withdrawal induce apoptosis via a common pathway in a type II Jurkat cell line","volume":"9","author":"Caricchio","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7467","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1877-08.2008","article-title":"Death receptors and caspases but not mitochondria are activated in the GDNF- or BDNF-deprived dopaminergic neurons","volume":"28","author":"Yu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.170.2.607","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor identified in multiple sclerosis brain","volume":"170","author":"Hofman","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.4.1513","article-title":"Involvement of the CD95 (APO-1\/Fas) receptor\/ligand system in multiple sclerosis brain","volume":"184","author":"Dowling","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.01674.x","article-title":"Oligodendrocyte injury in multiple sclerosis: a role for p53","volume":"85","author":"Wosik","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016_bib49","first-page":"382","article-title":"Chronic demyelination inhibits remyelination in the central nervous system. An analysis of contributing factors","volume":"43","author":"Ludwin","year":"1980","journal-title":"Lab Invest"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002944013003349?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002944013003349?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T14:41:42Z","timestamp":1757601702000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002944013003349"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002944013003349"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9440"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9440","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Susceptibility to Injury in Multiple Sclerosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Pathology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.04.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 American Society for Investigative Pathology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}