{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T16:26:11Z","timestamp":1774542371638,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":366,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15ek0109121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15ek0109121"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajp.amjpathol.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.01.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,21]],"date-time":"2019-01-21T17:20:12Z","timestamp":1548091212000},"page":"839-846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Formation and Disordered Degradation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Necrotizing Lesions of Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody\u2013Associated Vasculitis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"189","author":[{"given":"Sakiko","family":"Masuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mayu","family":"Nonokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emika","family":"Futamata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuka","family":"Nishibata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sari","family":"Iwasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Tsuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Hatanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daigo","family":"Nakazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Utano","family":"Tomaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamihiro","family":"Kawakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Atsumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Ishizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.01.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37715","article-title":"2012 revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides","volume":"65","author":"Jennette","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.01.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/S1568-9972(03)00010-7","article-title":"Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and pathogenesis of small vessel vasculitides","volume":"2","author":"Csernok","year":"2003","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.01.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092385","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria","volume":"303","author":"Brinkmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.01.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2619","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-05-221606","article-title":"Restoration of NET formation by gene therapy in CGD controls aspergillosis","volume":"114","author":"Bianchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.01.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.113.301889","article-title":"Footprints of neutrophil extracellular traps as predictors of cardiovascular risk","volume":"33","author":"Doring","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.01.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1959","article-title":"Netting neutrophils in autoimmune small-vessel vasculitis","volume":"15","author":"Kessenbrock","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.01.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2014.103","article-title":"Pathogenesis of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-mediated disease","volume":"10","author":"Jennette","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.01.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9813","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0909927107","article-title":"Impairment of neutrophil extracellular trap degradation is associated with lupus nephritis","volume":"107","author":"Hakkim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.01.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3779","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34619","article-title":"Abnormal conformation and impaired degradation of propylthiouracil-induced neutrophil extracellular traps: implications of disordered neutrophil extracellular traps in a rat model of myeloperoxidase antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis","volume":"64","author":"Nakazawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.01.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013060606","article-title":"Enhanced formation and disordered regulation of NETs in myeloperoxidase-ANCA-associated microscopic polyangiitis","volume":"25","author":"Nakazawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.01.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200606027","article-title":"Novel cell death program leads to neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"176","author":"Fuchs","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.01.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pe11","DOI":"10.1126\/stke.3792007pe11","article-title":"Unconventional roles of the NADPH oxidase: signaling, ion homeostasis, and cell death","volume":"2007","author":"Steinberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sci STKE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.01.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.496","article-title":"Activation of the Raf-MEK-ERK pathway is required for neutrophil extracellular trap formation","volume":"7","author":"Hakkim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.01.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201545605","article-title":"PMA and crystal-induced neutrophil extracellular trap formation involves RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL signaling","volume":"46","author":"Desai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.01.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20100239","article-title":"PAD4 is essential for antibacterial innate immunity mediated by neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"207","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.01.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00333","article-title":"Abundant neutrophil extracellular traps in thrombus of patient with microscopic polyangiitis","volume":"3","author":"Nakazawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.01.007_bib17","first-page":"149","article-title":"Possible linkage between microscopic polyangiitis and thrombosis via neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"32","author":"Imamoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.01.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sft048","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular trap components in fibrinoid necrosis of the kidney with myeloperoxidase-ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"6","author":"Yoshida","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.01.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2007.00458.x","article-title":"Three-dimensional culture of human nucleus pulposus cells in fibrin clot: comparisons on cellular proliferation and matrix synthesis with cells in alginate","volume":"32","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Artif Organs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.01.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2016.05.029","article-title":"NETosis markers: quest for specific, objective, and quantitative markers","volume":"459","author":"Masuda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.01.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1080\/10520295.2017.1399466","article-title":"Does progressive nuclear staining with hemalum (alum hematoxylin) involve DNA, and what is the nature of the dye-chromatin complex?","volume":"93","author":"Kiernan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biotech Histochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.01.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-016-0634-5","article-title":"Eosinophil ETosis and DNA traps: a new look at eosinophilic inflammation","volume":"16","author":"Ueki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.01.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2015.08.018","article-title":"The responses of macrophages in interaction with neutrophils that undergo NETosis","volume":"67","author":"Nakazawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.01.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2008.09.009","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps are induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"89","author":"Ramos-Kichik","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tuberculosis (Edinb)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.01.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E9618","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1708247114","article-title":"Necroptosis controls NET generation and mediates complement activation, endothelial damage, and autoimmune vasculitis","volume":"114","author":"Schreiber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002944018307715?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002944018307715?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T11:06:01Z","timestamp":1762081561000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002944018307715"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002944018307715"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.01.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9440"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9440","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Formation and Disordered Degradation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Necrotizing Lesions of Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody\u2013Associated Vasculitis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Pathology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.01.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 American Society for Investigative Pathology. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}