{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T20:23:09Z","timestamp":1777580589342,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL127022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL127022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001003","name":"Boehringer Ingelheim","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajp.amjpathol.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T17:36:43Z","timestamp":1643737003000},"page":"582-594","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The Impact of Sex Chromosomes in the Sexual Dimorphism of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"192","author":[{"given":"Dan N.","family":"Predescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8135-5433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Babak","family":"Mokhlesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9386-6756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanda A.","family":"Predescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-8-97","article-title":"Pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"8","author":"Montani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4306","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI60658","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"122","author":"Rabinovitch","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2020.tb00109.x","article-title":"Sex, gender, and sex hormones in pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure","volume":"10","author":"Hester","year":"2019","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.04.006","article-title":"Inflammation, growth factors, and pulmonary vascular remodeling","volume":"54","author":"Hassoun","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1233307","article-title":"Pathology of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"30","author":"Tuder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.04.009","article-title":"Development and pathology of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"54","author":"Tuder","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(05)70280-X","article-title":"The pathobiology of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"22","author":"Tuder","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endothelium Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2021","article-title":"Notch3 signaling promotes the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.045750","article-title":"A Notch3-marked subpopulation of vascular smooth muscle cells is the cell of origin for occlusive pulmonary vascular lesions","volume":"142","author":"Steffes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023171","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming regulates the proliferative and inflammatory phenotype of adventitial fibroblasts in pulmonary hypertension through the transcriptional corepressor C-terminal binding protein-1","volume":"134","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.028034","article-title":"Identification of microRNA-124 as a major regulator of enhanced endothelial cell glycolysis in pulmonary arterial hypertension via PTBP1 (polypyrimidine tract binding protein) and pyruvate kinase M2","volume":"136","author":"Caruso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.008750","article-title":"Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"131","author":"Ranchoux","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L548","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00428.2006","article-title":"Hyperproliferative apoptosis-resistant endothelial cells in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"293","author":"Masri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2011.tb00309.x","article-title":"Endothelial cell energy metabolism, proliferation, and apoptosis in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"1","author":"Xu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.4.1226","article-title":"Plasma markers of endothelial dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"120","author":"Cella","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201402-0322OC","article-title":"Proinflammatory signature of the dysfunctional endothelium in pulmonary hypertension: role of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor\/CD74 complex","volume":"192","author":"Le Hiress","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3591","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612043382765","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction: methods of assessment and application to hypertension","volume":"10","author":"Nadar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.4103\/2045-8932.93547","article-title":"Pulmonary artery endothelium resident endothelial colony-forming cells in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"1","author":"Duong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-500-2_18","article-title":"Notch signaling in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"661","author":"Thistlethwaite","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2012-0182OC","article-title":"CCR2 deficiency, dysregulation of Notch signaling, and spontaneous pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"48","author":"Yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.10.029","article-title":"Updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"62","author":"Simonneau","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.04.012","article-title":"Updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"54","author":"Simonneau","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801913","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01913-2018","article-title":"Haemodynamic definitions and updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"53","author":"Simonneau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-018-0176-8","article-title":"Sex differences in pulmonary arterial hypertension: role of infection and autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of disease","volume":"9","author":"Batton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol Sex Differ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1038\/s41436-020-0779-4","article-title":"X-linked diseases: susceptible females","volume":"22","author":"Migeon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.09.018","article-title":"Sex chromosome effects on male-female differences in mammals","volume":"28","author":"Snell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2016.04.013","article-title":"Dosage compensation of the sex chromosomes and autosomes","volume":"56","author":"Disteche","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3687","article-title":"X chromosome regulation: diverse patterns in development, tissues and disease","volume":"15","author":"Deng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2018.04.003","article-title":"Sex differences in obesity, lipid metabolism, and inflammation-a role for the sex chromosomes?","volume":"15","author":"Zore","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20150113","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0113","article-title":"The importance of having two X chromosomes","volume":"371","author":"Arnold","year":"2016","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1005079","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1005079","article-title":"Escape from X inactivation varies in mouse tissues","volume":"11","author":"Berletch","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7437","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431x20187437","article-title":"Insights on the epigenetic mechanisms underlying pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"51","author":"Luna","year":"2018","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e91327","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.91327","article-title":"Discerning functional hierarchies of microRNAs in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"2","author":"Negi","year":"2017","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.302521","article-title":"Long noncoding RNAs in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"116","author":"Uchida","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/79226","article-title":"Heterozygous germline mutations in BMPR2, encoding a TGF-beta receptor, cause familial primary pulmonary hypertension","volume":"26","author":"International","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.37.10.741","article-title":"Sporadic primary pulmonary hypertension is associated with germline mutations of the gene encoding BMPR-II, a receptor member of the TGF-beta family","volume":"37","author":"Thomson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib37","first-page":"892","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis casts doubt on the presence of genetic anticipation in heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"186","author":"Larkin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801899","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01899-2018","article-title":"Genetics and genomics of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"53","author":"Morrell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGENETICS.111.962209","article-title":"BMPR2 mutations influence phenotype more obviously in male patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C913","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00382.2019","article-title":"Comprehensive identification of signaling pathways for idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"318","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvy016","article-title":"Loss of KCNK3 is a hallmark of RV hypertrophy\/dysfunction associated with pulmonary hypertension","volume":"114","author":"Lambert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002087","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGEN.118.002087","article-title":"Loss-of-function ABCC8 mutations in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"11","author":"Bohnen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Genom Prec Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000585","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00585-2020","article-title":"TBX4 syndrome: a systemic disease highlighted by pulmonary arterial hypertension in its most severe form","volume":"55","author":"Austin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902340","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02340-2019","article-title":"Phenotype and outcome of pulmonary arterial hypertension patients carrying a TBX4 mutation","volume":"55","author":"Thore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-018-0566-x","article-title":"Rare variants in SOX17 are associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension with congenital heart disease","volume":"10","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201906-1141OC","article-title":"Characterization of GDF2 mutations and levels of BMP9 and BMP10 in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"201","author":"Hodgson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52995","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.18031","article-title":"Pulmonary endothelial cell DNA methylation signature in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"8","author":"Hautefort","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00069.2017","article-title":"DNA methylation signatures of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-007-0430-3","article-title":"Gender specific differences in levels of DNA methylation at selected loci from human total blood: a tendency toward higher methylation levels in males","volume":"122","author":"El-Maarri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.4161\/epi.6.5.15335","article-title":"Significant differences in global genomic DNA methylation by gender and race\/ethnicity in peripheral blood","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1086\/679700","article-title":"Emerging roles for histone deacetylases in pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular remodeling (2013 Grover Conference series)","volume":"5","author":"Cavasin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.109.207084","article-title":"Myocyte enhancer factor 2 and class II histone deacetylases control a gender-specific pathway of cardioprotection mediated by the estrogen receptor","volume":"106","author":"van Rooij","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.47993","article-title":"Estrogen-SIRT1 axis plays a pivotal role in protecting arteries against menopause-induced senescence and atherosclerosis","volume":"27","author":"Sasaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Atherosclerosis Thrombosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.ED119","article-title":"SIRT1 and gender differences in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease","volume":"27","author":"Shimabukuro","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Atheroscler Thromb"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001676","article-title":"Sirtuin 1 regulates pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation: role in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"36","author":"Zurlo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201812-2275OC","article-title":"Multicenter preclinical validation of BET inhibition for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"200","author":"Van der Feen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.307004","article-title":"Bromodomain-containing protein 4: the epigenetic origin of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"117","author":"Meloche","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.153.4.773","article-title":"Synergism of Xist RNA, DNA methylation, and histone hypoacetylation in maintaining X chromosome inactivation","volume":"153","author":"Csankovszki","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14443","article-title":"The Xist lncRNA interacts directly with SHARP to silence transcription through HDAC3","volume":"521","author":"McHugh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645647","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.645647","article-title":"Biological function of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) Xist","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R17","DOI":"10.1530\/VB-19-0030","article-title":"Targeting epigenetic mechanisms as an emerging therapeutic strategy in pulmonary hypertension disease","volume":"2","author":"Bisserier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L7","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00337.2013","article-title":"Progress in solving the sex hormone paradox in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"307","author":"Lahm","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-1140","article-title":"Pulmonary arterial hypertension: baseline characteristics from the REVEAL registry","volume":"137","author":"Badesch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.08.007","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: a review of sex-related differences in predisposition and prevention","volume":"94","author":"Al-Salameh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mayo Clinic Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201201-0058PP","article-title":"Estrogen paradox in pulmonary hypertension: current controversies and future perspectives","volume":"186","author":"Umar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaba3066","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba3066","article-title":"The impact of sex on gene expression across human tissues","volume":"369","author":"Oliva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10135-x","article-title":"Targeting cyclin-dependent kinases for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"10","author":"Weiss","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2021.03.009","article-title":"Up-regulation of the long noncoding RNA X-inactive-specific transcript and the sex bias in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"191","author":"Qin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"jcs237776","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.237776","article-title":"Sex differences in the proliferation of pulmonary artery endothelial cells: implications for plexiform arteriopathy","volume":"133","author":"Qin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1163045","article-title":"Polycomb proteins targeted by a short repeat RNA to the mouse X chromosome","volume":"322","author":"Zhao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-017-0352-z","article-title":"The landscape of sex-differential transcriptome and its consequent selection in human adults","volume":"15","author":"Gershoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.116.307301","article-title":"Sex hormones and sex chromosomes cause sex differences in the development of cardiovascular diseases","volume":"37","author":"Arnold","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-77932-4_31","article-title":"The role of sex in the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"1065","author":"Docherty","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201707-1345LE","article-title":"The Y chromosome plays a protective role in experimental hypoxic pulmonary hypertension","volume":"197","author":"Umar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-016-0115-5","article-title":"A primer on the use of mouse models for identifying direct sex chromosome effects that cause sex differences in non-gonadal tissues","volume":"7","author":"Burgoyne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Sex Differ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-071816-064827","article-title":"Genetic basis for sex differences in obesity and lipid metabolism","volume":"37","author":"Link","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2914","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.P041673","article-title":"Heritability of metabolic syndrome traits in a large population-based sample","volume":"54","author":"van Dongen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-018-0083-1","article-title":"The role of sex in the genomics of human complex traits","volume":"20","author":"Khramtsova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.144949","article-title":"Sex chromosome effects unmasked in angiotensin II-induced hypertension","volume":"55","author":"Ji","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.05303","article-title":"Angiotensin II type 2 receptor- and acetylcholine-mediated relaxation: essential contribution of female sex hormones and chromosomes","volume":"66","author":"Pessoa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201802-0308LE","article-title":"The Y chromosome regulates BMPR2 expression via SRY: a possible reason \u201cwhy\u201d fewer males develop pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"198","author":"Yan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib82","series-title":"Y chromosomal protection against pulmonary arterial hypertension is not mediated by Ddx3y (PhD thesis)","author":"Barseghyan","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib83","article-title":"Recent advancements in pulmonary arterial hypertension and right heart failure research: overview of selected abstracts from ATS2020 and emerging COVID-19 research","volume":"11","author":"Potus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.02.005","article-title":"Plexiform arteriopathy in rodent models of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"189","author":"Carman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L1013","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00217.2009","article-title":"Animal models of pulmonary arterial hypertension: the hope for etiological discovery and pharmacological cure","volume":"297","author":"Stenmark","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-013-0998-0","article-title":"Vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"91","author":"Shimoda","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Mol Med (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5201398","article-title":"Twin study of genetic and aging effects on X chromosome inactivation","volume":"13","author":"Kristiansen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.006167","article-title":"Role for DNA damage signaling in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"129","author":"Meloche","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201003-0491OC","article-title":"Somatic chromosome abnormalities in the lungs of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"182","author":"Aldred","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.88.1.e2","article-title":"Microsatellite instability of endothelial cell growth and apoptosis genes within plexiform lesions in primary pulmonary hypertension","volume":"88","author":"Yeager","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1177\/2045893217700901","article-title":"Genomic stability of pulmonary artery endothelial colony-forming cells in culture","volume":"7","author":"Drake","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25701","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.502674","article-title":"A novel p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase\/Elk-1-dependent molecular mechanism underlying abnormal endothelial cell proliferation in plexogenic pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"288","author":"Patel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1086\/674439","article-title":"Intersectin-1s: an important regulator of cellular and molecular pathways in lung injury","volume":"3","author":"Predescu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28326","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M604544200","article-title":"Granzyme B proteolyzes receptors important to proliferation and survival, tipping the balance towards apoptosis","volume":"281","author":"Loeb","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2016.11.012","article-title":"Modulation of intersectin-1s lung expression induces obliterative remodeling and severe plexiform arteriopathy in the murine pulmonary vascular bed","volume":"187","author":"Patel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20160368","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0368","article-title":"Progress in understanding the molecular mechanism of Xist RNA function through genetics","volume":"372","author":"Monfort","year":"2017","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s40659-019-0260-5","article-title":"LncRNA XIST promotes extracellular matrix synthesis, proliferation and migration by targeting miR-29b-3p\/COL1A1 in human skin fibroblasts after thermal injury","volume":"52","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000000835","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA XIST\/miR-17\/PTEN axis modulates the proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells to affect stanford type A aortic dissection","volume":"76","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2018.08.071","article-title":"X-inactive-specific transcript: a long noncoding RNA with complex roles in human cancers","volume":"679","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101406","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.20738","article-title":"Upregulation of long noncoding RNA Xist promotes proliferation of osteosarcoma by epigenetic silencing of P21","volume":"8","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e126751","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.126751","article-title":"Altered X-chromosome inactivation in T cells may promote sex-biased autoimmune diseases","volume":"4","author":"Syrett","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10050779","article-title":"Sex dimorphism in pulmonary hypertension: the role of the sex chromosomes","volume":"10","author":"Kostyunina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13071665","article-title":"Chromatin regulator SPEN\/SHARP in X inactivation and disease","volume":"13","author":"Giaimo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L333","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00038.2015","article-title":"The reversal of pulmonary vascular remodeling through inhibition of p38 MAPK-alpha: a potential novel anti-inflammatory strategy in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"309","author":"Church","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13438","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13438","article-title":"Isolated heart model demonstrates evidence of contractile and diastolic dysfunction in right ventricles from rats with sugen\/hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension","volume":"5","author":"Neto-Neves","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12010","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.12010","article-title":"The p38 MAP kinase pathway modulates the hypoxia response and glutamate receptor trafficking in aging neurons","volume":"5","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2017-0308OC","article-title":"Hemolysis-induced lung vascular leakage contributes to the development of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"59","author":"Rafikova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2400","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.19.3.2400","article-title":"Functions of cyclin A1 in the cell cycle and its interactions with transcription factor E2F-1 and the Rb family of proteins","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9090","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.15.9090","article-title":"Functional analysis of the human cyclin D2 and cyclin D3 promoters","volume":"271","author":"Brooks","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.093047.109","article-title":"Elucidation of the ELK1 target gene network reveals a role in the coordinate regulation of core components of the gene regulation machinery","volume":"19","author":"Boros","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6503","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1204036","article-title":"Signal transduction and the Ets family of transcription factors","volume":"19","author":"Yordy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4698","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/23.22.4698","article-title":"The ETS-domain transcription factors Elk-1 and SAP-1 exhibit differential DNA binding specificities","volume":"23","author":"Shore","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16728","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M413892200","article-title":"Cyclin A is a c-Jun target gene and is necessary for c-Jun-induced anchorage-independent growth in RAT1a cells","volume":"280","author":"Katabami","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.6.9.4146","article-title":"Apigenin-induced cell cycle arrest is mediated by modulation of MAPK, PI3K-Akt, and loss of cyclin D1 associated retinoblastoma dephosphorylation in human prostate cancer cells","volume":"6","author":"Shukla","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4354","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-08-3465","article-title":"KLF2 provokes a gene expression pattern that establishes functional quiescent differentiation of the endothelium","volume":"107","author":"Dekker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.14348\/molcells.2014.2308","article-title":"Apelin-APJ signaling: a potential therapeutic target for pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"37","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2640","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.112.300317","article-title":"Apelin\/APJ signaling is a critical regulator of statin effects in vascular endothelial cells--brief report","volume":"32","author":"McLean","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689720950226","article-title":"6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase\/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase suppresses neuronal apoptosis by increasing glycolysis and \u201ccyclin-dependent kinase 1-mediated phosphorylation of p27 after traumatic spinal cord injury in rats","volume":"29","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-111314-035900","article-title":"Epigenetic therapeutics: a new weapon in the war against cancer","volume":"67","author":"Ahuja","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1177\/2045893217701438","article-title":"The cancer theory of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"7","author":"Boucherat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.013339","article-title":"Restoration of impaired endothelial myocyte enhancer factor 2 function rescues pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"131","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.111.258426","article-title":"Selective class I histone deacetylase inhibition suppresses hypoxia-induced cardiopulmonary remodeling through an antiproliferative mechanism","volume":"110","author":"Cavasin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4546","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-04874-4","article-title":"HDAC6: a novel histone deacetylase implicated in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"7","author":"Boucherat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-015-1920-1","article-title":"Oral and inhaled p38 MAPK inhibitors: effects on inhaled LPS challenge in healthy subjects","volume":"71","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1177\/10742484211006531","article-title":"Combination therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension-targeting the nitric oxide and prostacyclin pathways","volume":"26","author":"Mandras","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"K21","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/suz205","article-title":"The burden of comorbidities in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"21","author":"Lang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01618-2015","article-title":"The effect of sex and age on the comorbidity burden of OSA: an observational analysis from a large nationwide US health claims database","volume":"47","author":"Mokhlesi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002709","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002709","article-title":"The number of x chromosomes causes sex differences in adiposity in mice","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0153-2","article-title":"Sex differences in psychiatric disorders: what we can learn from sex chromosome aneuploidies","volume":"44","author":"Green","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562316","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2020.562316","article-title":"Gender differences in depression: evidence from genetics","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2015.06.012","article-title":"Over-expression of XIST, the master gene for X chromosome inactivation, in females with major affective disorders","volume":"2","author":"Ji","year":"2015","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200704-553CC","article-title":"Gender and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: why it matters","volume":"176","author":"Han","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201512-2379ED","article-title":"Sex differences in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mechanisms","volume":"193","author":"Barnes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5182","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18334-7","article-title":"Whole genome sequence analysis of pulmonary function and COPD in 19,996 multi-ethnic participants","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00562.2009","article-title":"Evidence for dysanapsis using computed tomographic imaging of the airways in older ex-smokers","volume":"107","author":"Sheel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201011-1928OC","article-title":"Early-onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with female sex, maternal factors, and African American race in the COPDGene Study","volume":"184","author":"Foreman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.6.2003112","article-title":"Gender-related differences in severe, early-onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"162","author":"Silverman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2008.01699.x","article-title":"Evidence for an asthma risk locus on chromosome Xp: a replication linkage study","volume":"63","author":"Brasch-Andersen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2018.01.016","article-title":"Hormones, sex, and asthma","volume":"120","author":"Yung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2016.11.001","article-title":"Sex differences in sleep disordered breathing in adults","volume":"245","author":"Lozo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13212","article-title":"The genetics of obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"23","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20150110","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0110","article-title":"Sex differences in sleep: impact of biological sex and sex steroids","volume":"371","author":"Mong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e62205","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062205","article-title":"Sex chromosomes regulate nighttime sleep propensity during recovery from sleep loss in mice","volume":"8","author":"Ehlen","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5201614","article-title":"Evidence from autoimmune thyroiditis of skewed X-chromosome inactivation in female predisposition to autoimmunity","volume":"14","author":"Ozcelik","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvu064","article-title":"The number of X chromosomes influences protection from cardiac ischaemia\/reperfusion injury in mice: one X is better than two","volume":"102","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002944022000426?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002944022000426?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T16:39:55Z","timestamp":1757695195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002944022000426"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"references-count":145,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002944022000426"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9440"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9440","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Impact of Sex Chromosomes in the Sexual Dimorphism of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Pathology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 American Society for Investigative Pathology. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}