{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:24:29Z","timestamp":1790767469602,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CBET0939511"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CBET0939511"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C3 SoRo 1830881"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C3 SoRo 1830881"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1830881"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1830881"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\/R56AR048914"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\/R56AR048914"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005202","name":"Muscular Dystrophy Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["864137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["864137"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005202","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01GM089771"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01GM089771"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajp.amjpathol.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T11:59:54Z","timestamp":1715860794000},"page":"1571-1580","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase Contributes to Muscle Weakness through Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Activation and Autophagy Suppression in a Mouse Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"194","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7791-8563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae-Sung","family":"You","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Karaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3482-3841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Reyes-Ordo\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2289-6076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soohyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongdeok","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashid","family":"Bashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7887-3747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00248-3","article-title":"Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"7","author":"Duan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-020-00613-8","article-title":"Life expectancy at birth in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Landfeldt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2018.06.009","article-title":"Personalized gene and cell therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"28","author":"Barth\u00e9l\u00e9my","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuromuscul Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e418","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2012.159","article-title":"Autophagy as a new therapeutic target in Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"3","author":"De Palma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4425","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5425","article-title":"Src-dependent impairment of autophagy by oxidative stress in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"5","author":"Pal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2016.70","article-title":"Autophagy regulates satellite cell ability to regenerate normal and dystrophic muscles","volume":"23","author":"Fiacco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2012.04.004","article-title":"AMPK activation stimulates autophagy and ameliorates muscular dystrophy in the mdx mouse diaphragm","volume":"181","author":"Pauly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9179270","article-title":"Resveratrol decreases oxidative stress by restoring mitophagy and improves the pathophysiology of dystrophin-deficient mdx mice","volume":"2018","author":"Sebori","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13278","article-title":"RhoA\/ROCK signalling activated by ARHGEF3 promotes muscle weakness via autophagy in dystrophic mdx mice","volume":"14","author":"You","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5325","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.114041","article-title":"Misregulation of autophagy and protein degradation systems in myopathies and muscular dystrophies","volume":"126","author":"Sandri","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.81.4.1189","article-title":"X chromosome-linked muscular dystrophy (mdx) in the mouse","volume":"81","author":"Bulfield","year":"1984","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014587918367","article-title":"Tibialis anterior muscles in mdx mice are highly susceptible to contraction-induced injury","volume":"22","author":"Dellorusso","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Muscle Res Cell Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880070903","article-title":"Muscle development in mdx mutant mice","volume":"7","author":"Dangain","year":"1984","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.RA120.002345","article-title":"Mutation-independent proteomic signatures of pathological progression in murine models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"19","author":"van Westering","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Cell Proteomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.03.017","article-title":"mTOR signaling in growth control and disease","volume":"149","author":"Laplante","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.06159-11","article-title":"Role of AMPK-mTOR-Ulk1\/2 in the regulation of autophagy: cross talk, shortcuts, and feedbacks","volume":"32","author":"Alers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2010.01.017","article-title":"mTOR regulation of autophagy","volume":"584","author":"Jung","year":"2010","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2013.166","article-title":"Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling","volume":"24","author":"Russell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.13-237388","article-title":"Rapamycin nanoparticles target defective autophagy in muscular dystrophy to enhance both strength and cardiac function","volume":"28","author":"Bibee","year":"2014","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2010.00256","article-title":"Rapamycin ameliorates dystrophic phenotype in mdx mouse skeletal muscle","volume":"17","author":"Eghtesad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2003.09.003","article-title":"Rheb fills a GAP between TSC and TOR","volume":"28","author":"Manning","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2003.11.007","article-title":"TSC2: filling the GAP in the mTOR signaling pathway","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2006.04.024","article-title":"Hypertrophic response of Duchenne and limb-girdle muscular dystrophies is associated with activation of Akt pathway","volume":"312","author":"Peter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21684","article-title":"Dystrophin glycoprotein complex-associated Gbetagamma subunits activate phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase\/Akt signaling in skeletal muscle in a laminin-dependent manner","volume":"219","author":"Xiong","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.07.001","article-title":"The dawn of the age of amino acid sensors for the mTORC1 pathway","volume":"26","author":"Wolfson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pe13","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2003019","article-title":"Phospholipase D and mTORC1: nutrients are what bring them together","volume":"5","author":"Wiczer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.02.044","article-title":"Leucyl-tRNA synthetase is an intracellular leucine sensor for the mTORC1-signaling pathway","volume":"149","author":"Han","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2012.02.009","article-title":"Leucyl-tRNA synthetase controls TORC1 via the EGO complex","volume":"46","author":"Bonfils","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2014.03.003","article-title":"Regulation of mTORC1 by amino acids","volume":"24","author":"Bar-Peled","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00785-0","article-title":"Control of leucine-dependent mTORC1 pathway through chemical intervention of leucyl-tRNA synthetase and RagD interaction","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2088","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI122560","article-title":"Nontranslational function of leucyl-tRNA synthetase regulates myogenic differentiation and skeletal muscle regeneration","volume":"129","author":"Son","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21873","article-title":"Genotyping mdx, mdx3cv, and mdx4cv mice by primer competition polymerase chain reaction","volume":"43","author":"Shin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.108731","article-title":"ARHGEF3 regulates skeletal muscle regeneration and strength through autophagy","volume":"34","author":"You","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2022.101757","article-title":"Tissue-specific alternative splicing separates the catalytic and cell signaling functions of human leucyl-tRNA synthetase","volume":"298","author":"Baymiller","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2010.63","article-title":"The Akt activation inhibitor TCN-P inhibits Akt phosphorylation by binding to the PH domain of Akt and blocking its recruitment to the plasma membrane","volume":"17","author":"Berndt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299rv4","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaa7322","article-title":"Immune-mediated pathology in Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"7","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.14.1.483","article-title":"Immunopharmacology of rapamycin","volume":"14","author":"Abraham","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.399949","article-title":"Proteasome-dependent activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is essential for autophagy suppression and muscle remodeling following denervation","volume":"288","author":"Quy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2011.01.002","article-title":"Activation of AKT signaling promotes cell growth and survival in alpha7beta1 integrin-mediated alleviation of muscular dystrophy","volume":"1812","author":"Boppart","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s13273-022-00245-x","article-title":"Extracellular polysaccharides purified (Polycan) from Aureobasidium pullulans SM-2001 improves pathophysiology of dystrophin-deficient mdx mice","volume":"18","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Cell Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.1158","article-title":"Essential nontranslational functions of tRNA synthetases","volume":"9","author":"Guo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2956","article-title":"New functions of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases beyond translation","volume":"11","author":"Guo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-019-0026-3","article-title":"Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases as therapeutic targets","volume":"18","author":"Kwon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002944024001743?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002944024001743?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:47:07Z","timestamp":1777376827000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002944024001743"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002944024001743"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9440"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9440","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase Contributes to Muscle Weakness through Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Activation and Autophagy Suppression in a Mouse Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Pathology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.04.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 American Society for Investigative Pathology. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}