{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T18:25:07Z","timestamp":1777487107924,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008900","name":"University of South Florida","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008900","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY029395"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY029395"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY034114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY034114"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajp.amjpathol.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T06:53:10Z","timestamp":1731999190000},"page":"281-292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Core of Keratocan-Negative Cells Survives in Old Corneal Scars"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"195","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9762-0836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hadi","family":"Joud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2558-9419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meisam","family":"Asgari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6449-0387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Emerick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0580-2814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7734-8177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcel Y.","family":"Avila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Curtis E.","family":"Margo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8377-5212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edgar M.","family":"Espana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108137","article-title":"Composition, structure and function of the corneal stroma","volume":"198","author":"Espana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1957.sp005758","article-title":"The structure and transparency of the cornea","volume":"136","author":"Maurice","year":"1957","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(91)82073-2","article-title":"Synchrotron x-ray diffraction studies of the cornea, with implications for stromal hydration","volume":"60","author":"Meek","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.99.6.2024","article-title":"Extracellular compartments in matrix morphogenesis: collagen fibril, bundle, and lamellar formation by corneal fibroblasts","volume":"99","author":"Birk","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4200","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0691","article-title":"Fate maps of neural crest and mesoderm in the mammalian eye","volume":"46","author":"Gage","year":"2005","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(79)90164-7","article-title":"Origins of avian ocular and periocular tissues","volume":"29","author":"Johnston","year":"1979","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib7","first-page":"231","article-title":"Development and roles of collagenous matrices in the embryonic avian cornea","volume":"17","author":"Linsenmayer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21672","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M301169200","article-title":"Keratocan-deficient mice display alterations in corneal structure","volume":"278","author":"Liu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22584","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.35.22584","article-title":"The cloning of mouse keratocan cDNA and genomic DNA and the characterization of its expression during eye development","volume":"273","author":"Liu","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1038\/75664","article-title":"Mutations in KERA, encoding keratocan, cause cornea plana","volume":"25","author":"Pellegata","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.13.9","article-title":"Keratocyte-derived myofibroblasts: functional differences with their fibroblast precursors","volume":"64","author":"Acosta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(98)00021-4","article-title":"Corneal stromal wound healing in refractive surgery: the role of myofibroblasts","volume":"18","author":"Jester","year":"1999","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.227900","article-title":"The myofibroblast at a glance","volume":"133","author":"Pakshir","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-73686-w","article-title":"Quantitative proteomic comparison of myofibroblasts derived from bone marrow and cornea","volume":"10","author":"Saikia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108272","article-title":"Corneal myofibroblasts and fibrosis","volume":"201","author":"Wilson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6700574","article-title":"Transparency, swelling and scarring in the corneal stroma","volume":"17","author":"Meek","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2022.101090","article-title":"Corneal stromal repair and regeneration","volume":"91","author":"Mohan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.050090","article-title":"Stromal matrix directs corneal fibroblasts to re-express keratocan after injury and transplantation","volume":"16","author":"Acosta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108089","article-title":"Corneal wound healing","volume":"197","author":"Wilson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.124.4.401","article-title":"Fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and wound contraction","volume":"124","author":"Grinnell","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2015.07.009","article-title":"Myofibroblasts","volume":"142","author":"Hinz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-019-0324-5","article-title":"Evasion of apoptosis by myofibroblasts: a hallmark of fibrotic diseases","volume":"16","author":"Hinz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a041231","article-title":"The role of myofibroblasts in physiological and pathological tissue repair","volume":"15","author":"Schuster","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4800","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22661","article-title":"Generation and characterization of a novel mouse line, keratocan-rtTA (KeraRT), for corneal stroma and tendon research","volume":"58","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2020.09.001","article-title":"Collagen XI regulates the acquisition of collagen fibril structure, organization and functional properties in tendon","volume":"94","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Matrix Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109456","article-title":"Collagen XII regulates stromal wound closure","volume":"230","author":"Donovan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.10.9.25","article-title":"Genipin delays corneal stromal enzymatic digestion","volume":"10","author":"Donovan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2024.02.004","article-title":"Dysfunctional latent transforming growth factor beta activation after corneal injury in a classical Ehlers-Danlos model","volume":"128","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Matrix Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib29","series-title":"National Research Council: Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals: Eighth Edition","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/anbr.202100159","article-title":"Revealing layer-specific ultrastructure and nanomechanics of fibrillar collagen in human aorta via atomic force microscopy testing: implications on tissue mechanics at macroscopic scale","volume":"2","author":"Asgari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Nanobiomed Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1143970","article-title":"Calibration of atomic-force microscope tips","volume":"64","author":"Hutter","year":"1993","journal-title":"Rev Sci Instrum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1515\/crll.1882.92.156","article-title":"[About the contact of solid elastic bodies] [in German]","author":"Hertz","year":"1882","journal-title":"J f\u00fcr die Reine Angewandte Math (Crelle's J)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-018-0007-0","article-title":"Contextual determinants of TGFbeta action in development, immunity and cancer","volume":"19","author":"David","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.12.010","article-title":"TGF-beta1 - a truly transforming growth factor in fibrosis and immunity","volume":"101","author":"Lodyga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2012.05.030","article-title":"TGF-beta signaling in development and disease","volume":"586","author":"Massague","year":"2012","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.07.036","article-title":"TGF-[beta] signaling in health and disease","volume":"186","author":"Massague","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.331","article-title":"The role of LTBPs in TGF beta signaling","volume":"251","author":"Rifkin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dev Dyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7409","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R400029200","article-title":"Latent transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) binding proteins: orchestrators of TGF-beta availability","volume":"280","author":"Rifkin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2015.05.005","article-title":"Latent TGF-[beta]-binding proteins","volume":"47","author":"Robertson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Matrix Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a021907","article-title":"Regulation of the bioavailability of TGF-[beta] and TGF-[beta]-related proteins","volume":"8","author":"Robertson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.21895","article-title":"Chick embryo proliferation studies using EdU labeling","volume":"238","author":"Warren","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev Dyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01476-y","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro fibrillogenesis of tropocollagen type III in collagen type I affects its relative fibrillar topology and mechanics","volume":"7","author":"Asgari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2013.06.006","article-title":"Mouse strain variation in SMA(+) myofibroblast development after corneal injury","volume":"115","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2021.0039","article-title":"From chronic wounds to scarring: the growing health care burden of under- and over-healing wounds","volume":"11","author":"desJardins-Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle)"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002944024004103?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002944024004103?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:31:59Z","timestamp":1777386719000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002944024004103"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002944024004103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9440"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9440","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A Core of Keratocan-Negative Cells Survives in Old Corneal Scars","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Pathology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.10.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 American Society for Investigative Pathology. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}