{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:54:27Z","timestamp":1790614467710,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcohol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,7]],"date-time":"2016-03-07T21:45:41Z","timestamp":1457387141000},"page":"41-48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The association between healed skeletal fractures indicative of interpersonal violence and alcoholic liver disease in a cadaver cohort from the Western Cape, South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Elsje-M\u00e1rie","family":"Geldenhuys","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsie H.","family":"Burger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Alblas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda M.","family":"Greyling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanet H.","family":"Kotz\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-160X-1-7","article-title":"Trends and characteristics of oral and maxillofacial injuries in Nigeria: a review of the literature","volume":"1","author":"Adeyemo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Head Face Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib2","first-page":"267","article-title":"Pattern of facial bone fractures seen at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria","volume":"57","author":"Ajagbe","year":"1980","journal-title":"East African Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200301000-00019","article-title":"Facial fractures and concomitant injuries in trauma patients","volume":"113","author":"Alvi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-4356(96)90006-6","article-title":"Maxillofacial injuries in a group of South Africans under 18 years of age","volume":"34","author":"Bamjee","year":"1996","journal-title":"The British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510230513","article-title":"Prediction of risk of liver disease by alcohol intake, sex, and age: a prospective population study","volume":"23","author":"Becker","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.32101","article-title":"Lower risk for alcohol-induced cirrhosis in wine drinkers","volume":"35","author":"Becker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(99)80055-1","article-title":"Changes in the pattern of fractures of the maxillofacial skeleton","volume":"28","author":"van Beek","year":"1999","journal-title":"International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2005.07.023","article-title":"Epidemiological analysis of maxillofacial fractures in Brazil: a 5-year prospective study","volume":"102","author":"Brasileiro","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(98)00176-4","article-title":"Pattern of injuries due to interpersonal violence","volume":"29","author":"Brink","year":"1998","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(91)90095-Z","article-title":"Non-fatal injuries due to interpersonal violence in Johannesburg-Soweto: incidence, determinants and consequences","volume":"52","author":"Butchart","year":"1991","journal-title":"Forensic Science International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS2003089","article-title":"The influence of behavior on freefall injury patterns: possible implications for forensic anthropological investigations","volume":"49","author":"Christensen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Forensic Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1548-1433.2010.01278.x","article-title":"Cultural patterns of trauma among 19th-century-born males in cadaver collections","volume":"112","author":"De La Cova","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Anthropologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2007.01.002","article-title":"A\u00a03-year survey of assault-related maxillofacial fractures in central Switzerland","volume":"35","author":"Eggensperger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Cranio-maxillo-facial Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22192","article-title":"Patterns of violence-related skull trauma in Neolithic Southern Scandinavia","volume":"150","author":"Fibiger","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-5182(02)00168-3","article-title":"Cranio-maxillofacial trauma: a 10 year review of 9,543 cases with 21,067 injuries","volume":"31","author":"Gassner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib16","series-title":"Western Cape mortality profile 2011","author":"Groenewald","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199401000-00006","article-title":"A\u00a0comprehensive analysis of craniofacial trauma","volume":"36","author":"Hussain","year":"1994","journal-title":"The Journal of Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.711","article-title":"Trauma in the City of Kerma: ancient versus modern injury patterns","volume":"14","author":"Judd","year":"2004","journal-title":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1054\/ijom.2002.0208","article-title":"Serious facial fractures in New Zealand from 1979 to 1998","volume":"31","author":"Kieser","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199912163412505","article-title":"Risk factors for injury to women from domestic violence against women","volume":"341","author":"Kyriacou","year":"1999","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2001.27490","article-title":"Maxillofacial injuries associated with domestic violence","volume":"59","author":"Le","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.04.117","article-title":"Interpersonal violence and facial fractures","volume":"67","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2007.04189.x","article-title":"Comparison between interpersonal violence and motor vehicle accidents in the aetiology of maxillofacial fractures","volume":"77","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"ANZ Journal of Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-160X-2-27","article-title":"Characteristics of maxillofacial injuries resulting from road traffic accidents \u2013 a 5 year review of the case records from Department of Maxillofacial Surgery in Katowice, Poland","volume":"2","author":"Malara","year":"2006","journal-title":"Head and Face Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib25","first-page":"209","article-title":"The epidemiology of alcoholic liver disease","volume":"27","author":"Mann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Alcohol Research and Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib26","article-title":"Beaten down and worked to the bone: bioarchaeological investigations of women and violence in the ancient Southwest","volume":"1","author":"Martin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Landscapes of Violence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21032","article-title":"Broken ribs: paleopathological analysis of costal fractures in the human identified skeletal collection from the Museu Bocage, Lisbon, Portugal (late 19th to middle 20th centuries)","volume":"140","author":"Matos","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.6066.939","article-title":"Sex-related differences among 100 patients with alcoholic liver disease","volume":"1","author":"Morgan","year":"1977","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib29","unstructured":"National Health Act No 61 of 2003; found at http:\/\/www.saflii.org\/za\/legis\/consol_act\/nha2003147\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/nri744","article-title":"Alcohol, host defence and society","volume":"2","author":"Nelson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23258","article-title":"Alcoholic liver disease","volume":"51","author":"O'Shea","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1054\/bjom.1997.0083","article-title":"Jaw fractures in Enugu, Nigeria, 1985-95","volume":"37","author":"Oji","year":"1999","journal-title":"The British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2005.01015.x","article-title":"South Africa: alcohol today","volume":"100","author":"Parry","year":"2005","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(96)00083-6","article-title":"Vertical deceleration injuries: a comparative study of the injury patterns of 101 patients after accidental and intentional high falls","volume":"27","author":"Richter","year":"1996","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib35","series-title":"Fractures of the facial skeleton","first-page":"202","author":"Rowe","year":"1970"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib36","first-page":"664","article-title":"Estimating the burden of disease attributable to alcohol use in South Africa in 2000","volume":"97","author":"Schneider","year":"2007","journal-title":"South African Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(00)00245-X","article-title":"Facial fractures in a level I trauma centre: the importance of protective devices and alcohol abuse","volume":"32","author":"Shapiro","year":"2001","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.1096","article-title":"Analysis of ante mortem trauma in three modern skeletal populations","volume":"20","author":"Steyn","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1080\/17290376.2006.9724879","article-title":"Social constructions of gender roles, gender-based violence and HIV\/AIDS in two communities of the Western Cape, South Africa","volume":"3","author":"Strebel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Social Aspects of HIV\/AIDS Research Alliance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib40","series-title":"Grant's Dissector","first-page":"98","author":"Tank","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.anthro.30.1.573","article-title":"A\u00a0bioarchaeological perspective on the history of violence","volume":"30","author":"Walker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annual Review of Anthropology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib42","series-title":"Human Osteology","first-page":"354","author":"White","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2006.11.002","article-title":"Alcoholic liver disease","volume":"23","author":"Yip","year":"2006","journal-title":"Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology"}],"container-title":["Alcohol"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0741832915300124?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0741832915300124?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T12:42:26Z","timestamp":1655210546000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0741832915300124"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0741832915300124"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0741-8329"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0741-8329","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The association between healed skeletal fractures indicative of interpersonal violence and alcoholic liver disease in a cadaver cohort from the Western Cape, South Africa","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Alcohol","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.02.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}