{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T14:14:03Z","timestamp":1789395243178,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,3]],"date-time":"2016-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Allergology International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,9]],"date-time":"2016-07-09T08:21:03Z","timestamp":1468052463000},"page":"36-41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["A review of toxic epidermal necrolysis management in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Yuri","family":"Kinoshita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidehisa","family":"Saeki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.05.002","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis: part I. introduction, history, classification, clinical features, systemic manifestations, etiology, and immunopathogenesis","volume":"69","author":"Schwartz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1995.01690220120030","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis in Singapore, 1989 through 1993 \u2013 incidence antecedent drug exposure","volume":"131","author":"Chan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1990.01670250049006","article-title":"The incidence of erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis. A population-based study with particular reference to reactions caused by drugs among outpatients","volume":"126","author":"Chan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1990.01670250043005","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell syndrome). Incidence and drug etiology in France, 1981\u20131985","volume":"126","author":"Roujeau","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1991.01680050083008","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. An epidemiologic study from West Germany","volume":"127","author":"Schopf","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2009.06.213","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's disease)","volume":"36","author":"Lissia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1586\/eci.11.66","article-title":"The current understanding of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"7","author":"Mockenhaupt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1993.01680220104023","article-title":"Clinical classification of cases of toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and erythema multiforme","volume":"129","author":"Bastuji-Garin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib9","series-title":"Rook's Textbook of Dermatology","author":"Rook","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.05.002","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis: part II. prognosis, sequelae, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, prevention, and treatment","volume":"69","author":"Schwartz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.3918\/jsicm.19.160","article-title":"[Aiming for the establishment of treatment of toxic epidermal necrolysis]","volume":"19","author":"Makita","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nihon Shuchu Chiryo Igakukai Zasshi [Jpn Soc Intensive Care Med]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib12","first-page":"2157","article-title":"[Guidelines for the management of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis 2009, established by the Japanese research committee on Severe adverse reaction (J-SCAR) supported by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan]","volume":"119","author":"Aihara","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nippon Hifukagakkai Zasshi [Jpn J Dermatol]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib13","first-page":"1152","article-title":"[Advere drug reactions (ADR) and severe drug eruptions in Japan]","volume":"115","author":"Nanko","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nippon Hifukagakkai Zasshi [Jpn J Dermatol]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddq537","article-title":"Genome-wide association study identifies HLA-A*3101 allele as a genetic risk factor for carbamazepine-induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions in Japanese population","volume":"20","author":"Ozeki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.2332\/allergolint.O-07-483","article-title":"Analysis of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in Japan from 2000 to 2006","volume":"56","author":"Yamane","year":"2007","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2015.09.001","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in 87 Japanese patients \u2013 treatment and outcome","volume":"65","author":"Yamane","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib17","first-page":"1582","article-title":"[Clinical study of deceased cases of toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) in Japan: comparative study with surviving cases of TEN and with deceased cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome]","author":"Aihara","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nippon Hifukagakkai Zasshi [Jpn J Dermatol]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib18","series-title":"Dermatology","author":"Bolognia","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-12-118","article-title":"Association of HLA-B*5801 allele and allopurinol-induced Stevens Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Somkrua","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4134","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409500102","article-title":"HLA-B*5801 allele as a genetic marker for severe cutaneous adverse reactions caused by allopurinol","volume":"102","author":"Hung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs.13.180","article-title":"Specific HLA types are associated with antiepileptic drug-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in Japanese subjects","volume":"14","author":"Kaniwa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02766.x","article-title":"HLA-B*1511 is a risk factor for carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in Japanese patients","volume":"51","author":"Kaniwa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2013.04.013","article-title":"HLA-B*58:01 strongly associates with allopurinol-induced adverse drug reactions in a Japanese sample population","volume":"71","author":"Niihara","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.09.029","article-title":"Strong association between HLA-A 0206 and Stevens-Johnson syndrome in the Japanese","volume":"143","author":"Ueta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.2217\/14622416.9.11.1617","article-title":"HLA-B locus in Japanese patients with anti-epileptics and allopurinol-related Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"9","author":"Kaniwa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001435","article-title":"Interventions for toxic epidermal necrolysis","author":"Majumdar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2005.11.012","article-title":"Use of intravenous immunoglobulin in toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome: our current understanding","volume":"6","author":"French","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040","article-title":"Successful treatment of Stevens-Johnson syndrome with steroid pulse therapy at disease onset","volume":"147","author":"Araki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.04.007","article-title":"Methylprednisolone pulse therapy for Stevens-Johnson syndrome\/toxic epidermal necrolysis: clinical evaluation and analysis of biomarkers","volume":"69","author":"Hirahara","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12925","article-title":"Efficacy of additional i.v. immunoglobulin to steroid therapy in Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"42","author":"Aihara","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-9987.2008.00609.x","article-title":"Status of plasmapheresis for the treatment of toxic epidermal necrolysis in Japan","volume":"12","author":"Yamada","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ther Apher Dial"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2014.02.006","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review of the management and outcome of toxic epidermal necrolysis treated in burns centres","volume":"40","author":"Mahar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198611000-00001","article-title":"Improved burn center survival of patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis managed without corticosteroids","volume":"204","author":"Halebian","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.510","article-title":"Comprehensive survival analysis of a cohort of patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"133","author":"Sekula","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.10965.x","article-title":"The efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of toxic epidermal necrolysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"167","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e295","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0b013e318254d2ec","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis: performance of SCORTEN and the score-based comparison of the efficacy of corticosteroid therapy and intravenous immunoglobulin combined therapy in China","volume":"33","author":"Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Burn Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.12.014","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis: five years of treatment experience from a burn unit","volume":"67","author":"Firoz","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12607","article-title":"The role of intravenous immunoglobulin in toxic epidermal necrolysis: a retrospective analysis of 64 patients managed in a specialized centre","volume":"169","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2004.12.007","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulins and plasmapheresis combined treatment in patients with severe toxic epidermal necrolysis: preliminary report","volume":"58","author":"Lissia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.09.029","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis: review of pathogenesis and management","volume":"66","author":"Downey","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1985.01660120074023","article-title":"Plasmapheresis in severe drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"121","author":"Kamanabroo","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-0968.2002.00409.x","article-title":"Plasma exchange in patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"6","author":"Bamichas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ther Apher"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-9987.2009.00800.x","article-title":"Beneficial therapeutic effect of plasmapheresis after unsuccessful treatment with corticosteroids in two patients with severe toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"14","author":"Szczeklik","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ther Apher Dial"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.4037\/ccn2013555","article-title":"Supportive therapy for a patient with toxic epidermal necrolysis undergoing plasmapheresis","volume":"33","author":"Seczynska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Nurse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)61112-X","article-title":"Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: a review of the literature","volume":"94","author":"Letko","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.118557","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis treated with N-acetylcysteine","volume":"46","author":"Velez","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.04.044","article-title":"Etanercept therapy for toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"71","author":"Paradisi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2014.01.027","article-title":"Effect of N-acetylcysteine combined with infliximab on toxic epidermal necrolysis. A proof-of-concept study","volume":"40","author":"Paquet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2004.04.007","article-title":"Nevirapine-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis and toxic hepatitis treated successfully with a combination of intravenous immunoglobulins and N-acetylcysteine","volume":"15","author":"Claes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2009.03718.x","article-title":"Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis due to anticonvulsants share certain clinical and laboratory features with drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome, despite differences in cutaneous presentations","volume":"35","author":"Teraki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2010.01176.x","article-title":"New aspects of drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Tohyama","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib52","first-page":"478","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis in a 15-month-old girl successfully treated with amniotic membrane transplantation","volume":"16","author":"Barua","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0AAPOS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2009.08.040","article-title":"Management of acute Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis utilizing amniotic membrane and topical corticosteroids","volume":"149","author":"Shammas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Allergology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1323893016300661?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1323893016300661?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T18:06:49Z","timestamp":1761156409000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1323893016300661"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1323893016300661"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1323-8930"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1323-8930","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A review of toxic epidermal necrolysis management in Japan","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Allergology International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016, Japanese Society of Allergology. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}