{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:58:40Z","timestamp":1792799920141,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,10]],"date-time":"2021-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004336","name":"Novartis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Allergology International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]],"date-time":"2021-07-31T01:43:51Z","timestamp":1627695831000},"page":"14-24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":227,"title":["Subtypes of atopic dermatitis: From phenotype to endotype"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Tokura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Hayano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.10.032","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis endotypes and implications for targeted therapeutics","volume":"143","author":"Czarnowicki","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxy015","article-title":"Multipolarity of cytokine axes in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis in terms of age, race, species, disease stage and biomarkers","volume":"30","author":"Nomura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2019.08.013","article-title":"Recent developments and advances in atopic dermatitis and food allergy","volume":"69","author":"Sugita","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.02.022","article-title":"Endophenotypic variations of atopic dermatitis by age, race, and ethnicity","volume":"8","author":"Nomura","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.03.1517","article-title":"Patients with atopic dermatitis colonized with Staphylococcus aureus have a distinct phenotype and endotype","volume":"138","author":"Simpson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaav2685","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aav2685","article-title":"The nonlesional skin surface distinguishes atopic dermatitis with food allergy as a unique endotype","volume":"11","author":"Leung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-018-8712-1","article-title":"Understanding asthma phenotypes, endotypes, and mechanisms of disease","volume":"56","author":"Kuruvilla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.18565","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of dupilumab in Japanese adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: a subanalysis of three clinical trials","volume":"183","author":"Katoh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2010.02.008","article-title":"Extrinsic and intrinsic types of atopic dermatitis","volume":"58","author":"Tokura","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dermatol Sci 2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.08.015","article-title":"The Asian atopic dermatitis phenotype combines features of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis with increased TH17 polarization","volume":"136","author":"Noda","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.02.047","article-title":"Serum from Asian patients with atopic dermatitis is characterized by TH2\/TH22 activation, which is highly correlated with nonlesional skin measures","volume":"142","author":"Wen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2625","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2008.111","article-title":"Possible pathogenic role of Th17 cells for atopic dermatitis","volume":"128","author":"Koga","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2002.23504.x","article-title":"Allergic vs nonallergic asthma: what makes the difference?","volume":"57","author":"Romanet-Manent","year":"2002","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib14","first-page":"13","article-title":"Recent epidemiological and genetic studies in atopic dermatitis","volume":"176","author":"Diepgen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.12.002","article-title":"Clinical differences between atopic and atopiform dermatitis","volume":"58","author":"Brenninkmeijer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09440.x","article-title":"Comparison of skin barrier function and sensory nerve electric current perception threshold between ige-high extrinsic and ige-normal intrinsic types of atopic dermatitis","volume":"162","author":"Mori","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2013.07.009","article-title":"High frequencies of positive nickel\/cobalt patch tests and high sweat nickel concentration in patients with intrinsic atopic dermatitis","volume":"72","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-0627","article-title":"Total serum IgE as a parameter to differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic atopic dermatitis in children","volume":"89","author":"Ott","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2001.00144.x","article-title":"Epidemiology, clinical features, and immunology of the \u201cIntrinsic\u201d (non-IgE-mediated) type of atopic dermatitis (constitutional dermatitis)","volume":"56","author":"Schmid-Grendelmeier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2012.04.004","article-title":"A\u00a0group of atopic dermatitis without IgE elevation or barrier impairment shows a high Th1 frequency: possible immunological state of the intrinsic type","volume":"67","author":"Kabashima-Kubo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2414","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700431","article-title":"Sensitization to the yeast Malassezia sympodialis is specific for extrinsic and intrinsic atopic eczema","volume":"126","author":"Casagrande","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2009.03419.x","article-title":"Soluble immune receptor serum levels are associated with age, but not with clinical phenotype or disease severity in childhood atopic dermatitis","volume":"24","author":"Ott","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2008.02886.x","article-title":"Contact and aeroallergens in adulthood atopic dermatitis","volume":"22","author":"Ponyai","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2003.18.1.93","article-title":"Comparison of transepidermal water loss, capacitance and pH values in the skin between intrinsic and extrinsic atopic dermatitis patients","volume":"18","author":"Choi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2000.03832.x","article-title":"The excess of atopic eczema in east Germany is related to the intrinsic type","volume":"143","author":"Schafer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2002.00191.x","article-title":"Dichotomic nature of atopic dermatitis reflected by combined analysis of monocyte immunophenotyping and single nucleotide polymorphisms of the interleukin-4\/interleukin-13 receptor gene: the dichotomy of extrinsic and intrinsic atopic dermatitis","volume":"119","author":"Novak","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07394.x","article-title":"Characteristics of extrinsic vs. Intrinsic atopic dermatitis in infancy: correlations with laboratory variables","volume":"155","author":"Park","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.06.038","article-title":"Support for 2 variants of eczema","volume":"116","author":"Kusel","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2006.01076.x","article-title":"Low prevalence of the intrinsic form of atopic dermatitis among adult patients","volume":"61","author":"Folster-Holst","year":"2006","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425196","article-title":"Disruption of the stratum corneum allows potent epicutaneous immunization with protein antigens resulting in a dominant systemic Th2 response","volume":"34","author":"Strid","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2021.100519","article-title":"Targeting immunoglobulin E in atopic dermatitis: a review of the existing evidence","volume":"14","author":"Wollenberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa013536","article-title":"Factors associated with the development of peanut allergy in childhood","volume":"348","author":"Lack","year":"2003","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.10.007","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis increases the effect of exposure to peanut antigen in dust on peanut sensitization and likely peanut allergy","volume":"135","author":"Brough","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.298","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis and disease severity are the main risk factors for food sensitization in exclusively breastfed infants","volume":"134","author":"Flohr","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.10.049","article-title":"Does atopic dermatitis cause food allergy? A systematic review","volume":"137","author":"Tsakok","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-018-0756-z","article-title":"The genetics of food allergy","volume":"18","author":"Carter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.01.051","article-title":"An interaction between filaggrin mutations and early food sensitization improves the prediction of childhood asthma","volume":"123","author":"Marenholz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.01.001","article-title":"Filaggrin gene mutations are not associated with food and aeroallergen sensitization without concomitant atopic dermatitis in adults","volume":"135","author":"Thyssen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.07.033","article-title":"Filaggrin loss-of-function mutations are associated with food allergy in childhood and adolescence","volume":"134","author":"Venkataraman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1767","article-title":"Common loss-of-function variants of the epidermal barrier protein filaggrin are a major predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis","volume":"38","author":"Palmer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700630","article-title":"Filaggrin mutations strongly predispose to early-onset and extrinsic atopic dermatitis","volume":"127","author":"Weidinger","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17179","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.476820","article-title":"Kallikrein-related peptidase 5 functions in proteolytic processing of profilaggrin in cultured human keratinocytes","volume":"288","author":"Sakabe","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2013.07.009","article-title":"High frequencies of positive nickel\/cobalt patch tests and high sweat nickel concentration in patients with intrinsic atopic dermatitis","volume":"72","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2007.02717.x","article-title":"Association of the single-nucleotide polymorphism and haplotype of the interleukin 18 gene with atopic dermatitis in Koreans","volume":"37","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2006.12.001","article-title":"Association analysis of sphingomyelinase 2 polymorphisms for the extrinsic type of atopic dermatitis in Koreans","volume":"46","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2019.07.009","article-title":"Decreased expression of suprabasin induces aberrant differentiation and apoptosis of epidermal keratinocytes: possible role for atopic dermatitis","volume":"95","author":"Aoshima","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14559","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71536-3","article-title":"Suprabasin-null mice retain skin barrier function and show high contact hypersensitivity to nickel upon oral nickel loading","volume":"10","author":"Nakazawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1002\/cia2.12033","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis as Th2 disease revisited","volume":"1","author":"Tokura","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cutan Immunol Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3017","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2015.318","article-title":"TSLP directly interacts with skin-homing Th2 cells highly expressing its receptor to enhance IL-4 production in atopic dermatitis","volume":"135","author":"Tatsuno","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2006.27.2887","article-title":"Immune dysregulation in atopic dermatitis","volume":"27","author":"Miraglia del Giudice","year":"2006","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2007.01445.x","article-title":"IL-5 and IL-5 receptor alpha polymorphisms are associated with atopic dermatitis in Koreans","volume":"62","author":"Namkung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1159\/000073716","article-title":"The interleukin-13 production by peripheral blood T cells from atopic dermatitis patients does not require CD2 costimulation","volume":"132","author":"Simon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2004.06027.x","article-title":"Immunophenotyping of inflammatory cells in lesional skin of the extrinsic and intrinsic types of atopic dermatitis","volume":"151","author":"Rho","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2003.01782.x","article-title":"Differential in\u00a0vivo cytokine mRNA expression in lesional skin of intrinsic vs. extrinsic atopic dermatitis patients using semiquantitative RT-PCR","volume":"33","author":"Jeong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.04.046","article-title":"Intrinsic atopic dermatitis shows similar TH2 and higher TH17 immune activation compared with extrinsic atopic dermatitis","volume":"132","author":"Suarez-Farinas","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12967","article-title":"Distinct molecular signatures of mild extrinsic and intrinsic atopic dermatitis","volume":"25","author":"Martel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2007.00634.x","article-title":"Increased expression of cc chemokine ligand 18 in extrinsic atopic dermatitis patients","volume":"17","author":"Park","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.01.063","article-title":"Langerhans cells are critical in epicutaneous sensitization with protein antigen via thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor signaling","volume":"129","author":"Nakajima","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2009.00899.x","article-title":"Induction of eosinophil- and Th2-attracting epidermal chemokines and cutaneous late-phase reaction in tape-stripped skin","volume":"18","author":"Onoue","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.07.012","article-title":"Cytokine modulation of atopic dermatitis filaggrin skin expression","volume":"124","author":"Howell","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23651.x","article-title":"Interleukin-4 suppresses the enhancement of ceramide synthesis and cutaneous permeability barrier functions induced by tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 and interferon-\u03b3 in human epidermis","volume":"124","author":"Hatano","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.249","article-title":"Acute acidification of stratum corneum membrane domains using polyhydroxyl acids improves lipid processing and inhibits degradation of corneodesmosomes","volume":"130","author":"Hachem","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.03.062","article-title":"Variable T(H)2\/T(H)17-skewing places Chinese atopic dermatitis and psoriasis on an inflammatory spectrum","volume":"138","author":"Chan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.03.265","article-title":"Uncommon filaggrin variants are associated with persistent atopic dermatitis in African-Americans","volume":"138","author":"Margolis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2018.08.024","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis in African American patients is TH2\/TH22-skewed with TH1\/TH17 attenuation","volume":"122","author":"Sanyal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2008.01779.x","article-title":"The allergic sensitization in infants with atopic eczema from different countries","volume":"64","author":"de Benedictis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2017.02.001","article-title":"Committee for Japanese pediatric guideline for food allergy, the Japanese society of pediatric allergy and clinical immunology; the Japanese society of allergology. Japanese guidelines for food allergy 2017","volume":"66","author":"Ebisawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.06.003","article-title":"A\u00a0population-based questionnaire survey on the prevalence of peanut, tree nut, and shellfish allergy in 2 Asian populations","volume":"126","author":"Shek","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5364","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph10115364","article-title":"The impact of family history of allergy on risk of food allergy: a population-based study of infants","volume":"10","author":"Koplin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.09.031","article-title":"Evolution of pathologic T-cell subsets in patients with atopic dermatitis from infancy to adulthood","volume":"145","author":"Czarnowicki","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555571407410","article-title":"Stigmata of atopic constitution in patients with atopic eczema or atopic respiratory disease","volume":"71","author":"Przybilla","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.13752","article-title":"Palmar hyperlinearity in early childhood atopic dermatitis is associated with filaggrin mutation and sensitization to egg","volume":"36","author":"Fukuie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib73","first-page":"784","article-title":"[A case of filaggrin mutation-bearing atopic dermatitis showing marked paronychia]","volume":"56","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"[Jpn J Clin Dermatol]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.06.088","article-title":"Hertoghe\u2019s sign in atopic dermatitis","volume":"226","author":"Borzutzky","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1981.01650100029022","article-title":"Infraorbital fold in atopic dermatitis","volume":"117","author":"Uehara","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.03.033","article-title":"Dennie-Morgan fold plus dark circles: suspect atopy at first sight","volume":"166","author":"Blanc","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e833","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2009.03574.x","article-title":"Successful treatment of lichen amyloidosus associated with atopic dermatitis using a combination of narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy, topical corticosteroids and an antihistamine","volume":"34","author":"Oiso","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13263","article-title":"Association of atopic dermatitis with vitiligo: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Acharya","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12746","article-title":"Leukoderma in patients with atopic dermatitis","volume":"42","author":"Kuriyama","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib80","first-page":"813","article-title":"Chondrodermatitis of the auricle in patients with atopic dermatitis","volume":"20","author":"Sawada","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2007.02357.x","article-title":"Angiohistiocytoid papules associated with atopic dermatitis","volume":"22","author":"Sugita","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.04.015","article-title":"The impact of various patients factors on contact allergy to nickel, cobalt, and chrome","volume":"55","author":"Ruff","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1159\/000254470","article-title":"Pseudo-atopic dermatitis. Contact dermatitis due to chrome sensitivity simulating atopic dermatitis","volume":"131","author":"Shanon","year":"1965","journal-title":"Dermatologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07394.x","article-title":"Characteristics of extrinsic vs. intrinsic atopic dermatitis in infancy: correlations with laboratory variables","volume":"155","author":"Park","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2015.01.003","article-title":"Intrinsic atopic dermatitis shows high serum nickel concentration","volume":"64","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.08.008","article-title":"Mechanism of HBD-3 deficiency in atopic dermatitis","volume":"121","author":"Howell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1470.2003.20503.x","article-title":"Frequency and clinical role of staphylococcus aureus overinfection in atopic dermatitis in children","volume":"20","author":"Ricci","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.07.054","article-title":"Proteome analysis of stratum corneum from atopic dermatitis patients by hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometer","volume":"134","author":"Sakabe","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.18643","article-title":"The role of bacterial skin infections in atopic dermatitis: expert statement and review from the International Eczema Council Skin Infection Group","volume":"182","author":"Alexander","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00700","article-title":"Microbiome composition and its impact on the development of allergic diseases","volume":"11","author":"Peroni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.03.1084","article-title":"Age specific changes in the atopic dermatitis molecular phenotype","volume":"138","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.03.023","article-title":"Moving toward endotypes in atopic dermatitis: identification of patient clusters based on serum biomarker analysis","volume":"140","author":"Thijs","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.062","article-title":"Confirmation of multiple endotypes in atopic dermatitis based on serum biomarkers","volume":"147","author":"Bakker","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.08.013","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis endotypes based on allergen sensitization, reactivity to Staphylococcus aureus antigens, and underlying systemic Inflammation","volume":"8","author":"Leonard","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.11.072","article-title":"Genomic and phenotypic characterization of Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) scale-based endotypes in atopic dermatitis","volume":"85","author":"Smieszek","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1002\/emmm.201100140","article-title":"SASPase regulates stratum corneum hydration through profilaggrin-to-filaggrin processing","volume":"3","author":"Matsui","year":"2011","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1024\/0040-5930\/a000031","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis - current insights into path physiology and management","volume":"67","author":"Schmid-Grendelmeier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ther Umsch"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1414850","article-title":"Randomized trial of peanut consumption in infants at risk for peanut allergy","volume":"372","author":"Du Toit","year":"2015","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1514210","article-title":"Randomized trial of introduction of allergenic foods in breast-fed Infants","volume":"374","author":"Perkin","year":"2016","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31418-0","article-title":"Two-step egg introduction for prevention of egg allergy in high-risk infants with eczema (PETIT): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"389","author":"Natsume","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1159\/000501636","article-title":"Skin care and synbiotics for prevention of atopic dermatitis or food allergy in newborn infants: a 2\u00a0\u00d7 2 factorial, randomized, non-treatment controlled trial","volume":"180","author":"Dissanayake","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32984-8","article-title":"Daily emollient during infancy for prevention of eczema: the BEEP randomised controlled trial","volume":"395","author":"Chalmers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e024594","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024594","article-title":"PEBBLES study protocol: a randomised controlled trial to prevent atopic dermatitis, food allergy and sensitisation in infants with a family history of allergic disease using a skin barrier improvement strategy","volume":"9","author":"Lowe","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13847","article-title":"Skincare interventions in infants for preventing eczema and food allergy: a cochrane systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Kelleher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.09904.x","article-title":"Proactive treatment appears to decrease serum immunoglobulin-E levels in patients with severe atopic dermatitis","volume":"163","author":"Fukuie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13408","article-title":"Potential preventive effects of proactive therapy on sensitization in moderate to severe childhood atopic dermatitis: a randomized, investigator-blinded, controlled study","volume":"43","author":"Fukuie","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s13601-018-0233-8","article-title":"Early aggressive intervention for infantile atopic dermatitis to prevent development of food allergy: a multicenter, investigator-blinded, randomized, parallel group controlled trial (PACI Study)-protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Yamamoto-Hanada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Transl Allergy"}],"container-title":["Allergology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1323893021000794?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1323893021000794?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T18:11:14Z","timestamp":1761156674000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1323893021000794"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1323893021000794"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1323-8930"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1323-8930","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Subtypes of atopic dermatitis: From phenotype to endotype","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Allergology International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.alit.2021.07.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Japanese Society of Allergology. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}