{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T22:53:07Z","timestamp":1791327187890,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Allergology International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T04:57:28Z","timestamp":1781240248000},"page":"521-528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Early environmental determinants of childhood asthma"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2373-5101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuhan","family":"Xing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8249-4478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnes Sze-Yin","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5939-812X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary Wing-Kin","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2025.2530225","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of chronic respiratory diseases, 1990-2021 and predictions to 2035: analysis of data from the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"57","author":"Zhai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib2","article-title":"The exposome concept: how has it changed our understanding of environmental causes of chronic respiratory diseases?","volume":"19","author":"Guillien","year":"2023","journal-title":"Breathe (Sheff)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69283-0","article-title":"Worldwide time trends in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in childhood: ISAAC phases one and three repeat multicountry cross-sectional surveys","volume":"368","author":"Asher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra054308","article-title":"The asthma epidemic","volume":"355","author":"Eder","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.066407","article-title":"50 years of asthma: UK trends from 1955 to 2004","volume":"62","author":"Anderson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.14049","article-title":"From preschool wheezing to asthma: environmental determinants","volume":"34","author":"Xing","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01450-1","article-title":"Worldwide trends in the burden of asthma symptoms in school-aged children: global Asthma Network Phase I cross-sectional study","volume":"398","author":"Asher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.070169","article-title":"Worldwide trends in the prevalence of asthma symptoms: phase III of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)","volume":"62","author":"Pearce","year":"2007","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12157","article-title":"House dust mite sensitization is the main risk factor for the increase in prevalence of wheeze in 13- to 14-year-old schoolchildren in Guangzhou city, China","volume":"43","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2001.01140.x","article-title":"Prevalence of respiratory and atopic disorders in Chinese schoolchildren","volume":"31","author":"Wong","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.329.7464.486","article-title":"Factors associated with difference in prevalence of asthma in children from three cities in China: multicentre epidemiological survey","volume":"329","author":"Wong","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.149.2.8306030","article-title":"Prevalence of asthma and atopy in two areas of West and East Germany","volume":"149","author":"von Mutius","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60617-6","article-title":"Outdoor air pollution and asthma","volume":"383","author":"Guarnieri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00811-5","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus infection during infancy and asthma during childhood in the USA (INSPIRE): a population-based, prospective birth cohort study","volume":"401","author":"Rosas-Salazar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1211592","article-title":"Rhinovirus wheezing illness and genetic risk of childhood-onset asthma","volume":"368","author":"Cal\u0131\u015fkan","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.08.003","article-title":"Role of viral infections in the development and exacerbation of asthma in children","volume":"140","author":"Jartti","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib17","first-page":"393","article-title":"The role of inhalant allergens in allergic airways disease","volume":"22","author":"Custovic","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200401-083OC","article-title":"Early life environmental control: effect on symptoms, sensitization, and lung function at age 3 years","volume":"170","author":"Woodcock","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.299.6710.1259","article-title":"Hay fever, hygiene, and household size","volume":"299","author":"Strachan","year":"1989","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8334","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1205624109","article-title":"Environmental biodiversity, human microbiota, and allergy are interrelated","volume":"109","author":"Hanski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.07.028","article-title":"Growing disparities in atopy between the Finns and the Russians: a comparison of 2 generations","volume":"117","author":"von Hertzen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aba2578","article-title":"Biodiversity intervention enhances immune regulation and health-associated commensal microbiota among daycare children","volume":"6","author":"Roslund","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-10001-5","article-title":"Environmentally driven immune imprinting protects against allergy","volume":"650","author":"Erickson","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199501193320301","article-title":"Asthma and wheezing in the first six years of life. The Group Health Medical Associates","volume":"332","author":"Martinez","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)10321-5","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus in early life and risk of wheeze and allergy by age 13 years","volume":"354","author":"Stein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200509-1380OC","article-title":"Endotoxin exposure, CD14, and allergic disease: an interaction between genes and the environment","volume":"174","author":"Simpson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2023.09.005","article-title":"Insights from the COCOA birth cohort: the origins of childhood allergic diseases and future perspectives","volume":"73","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.14280","article-title":"Asian birth cohort studies on allergic diseases: the A2BC network initiative","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.70033","article-title":"Early origins of asthma and allergies: clues from studies in China","volume":"55","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-025-00978-4","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on childhood asthma and wheezing disorders","volume":"21","author":"Xing","year":"2025","journal-title":"World J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.14013","article-title":"Atopic outcomes at 2 years in the CORAL cohort, born in COVID-19 lockdown","volume":"34","author":"Hurley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1111\/all.16069","article-title":"Association between gut microbiota development and allergy in infants born during pandemic-related social distancing restrictions","volume":"79","author":"Korpela","year":"2024","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.11.042","article-title":"Comparative Study of food allergies in children from China, India, and Russia: the EuroPrevall-INCO surveys","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13235","article-title":"Asian children living in Australia have a different profile of allergy and anaphylaxis than Australian-born children: a state-wide survey","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1159\/000082582","article-title":"IgE reactivity pattern to timothy and birch pollen allergens in Finnish and Russian Karelia","volume":"136","author":"Mov\u00e9rare","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06252-3","article-title":"Exposure to farming in early life and development of asthma and allergy: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"358","author":"Riedler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1508749","article-title":"Innate immunity and asthma risk in Amish and hutterite farm children","volume":"375","author":"Stein","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2949","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15365","article-title":"Poultry exposure and environmental protection against asthma in rural children","volume":"77","author":"Xing","year":"2022","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.14086","article-title":"Immune modulation by rural exposures and allergy protection","volume":"35","author":"Xing","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac6623","article-title":"Farm dust and endotoxin protect against allergy through A20 induction in lung epithelial cells","volume":"349","author":"Schuijs","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1111\/all.70121","article-title":"The therapeutic potential of farm dust extracts in a mouse model of eosinophilic inflammation","volume":"81","author":"Korkmaz","year":"2026","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.07.029","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1-induced protein 3 is a key player in childhood asthma development and environment-mediated protection","volume":"144","author":"Krusche","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.05.013","article-title":"Asthma-protective agents in dust from traditional farm environments","volume":"152","author":"Marques Dos Santos","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00260-2022","article-title":"Indoor microbiome, microbial and plant metabolites, chemical compounds, and asthma symptoms in junior high school students: a multicentre association study in Malaysia","volume":"60","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib45","article-title":"Microbiota-derived butyrate alleviates asthma via inhibiting Tfh13-mediated IgE production","volume":"10","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-025-02244-9","article-title":"Early-life colonization by aromatic-lactate-producing bifidobacteria lowers the risk of allergic sensitization","volume":"11","author":"Myers","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2604-2","article-title":"Microbiota-derived metabolite promotes HDAC3 activity in the gut","volume":"586","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.01.002","article-title":"Microbiota-derived butyrate restricts tuft cell differentiation via histone deacetylase 3 to modulate intestinal type 2 immunity","volume":"57","author":"Eshleman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.14251","article-title":"Prevention of allergies and infections by minimally processed milk in infants-the MARTHA feasibility and safety trial","volume":"35","author":"Weber","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006_bib50","article-title":"Primary Prevention of Asthma: the ORBEX trial","volume":"157","author":"Martinez","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"}],"container-title":["Allergology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1323893026000584?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1323893026000584?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T22:47:08Z","timestamp":1791326828000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1323893026000584"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1323893026000584"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1323-8930"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1323-8930","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Early environmental determinants of childhood asthma","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Allergology International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.alit.2026.05.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Japanese Society of Allergology. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}