{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T13:27:16Z","timestamp":1774358836943,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,1]],"date-time":"2008-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1201824000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Preventive Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,17]],"date-time":"2008-01-17T13:03:20Z","timestamp":1200575000000},"page":"164-170","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Screening for Prostate Cancer in U.S. Men"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Lionel S.","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Sherin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3322\/canjclin.57.1.43","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2007","volume":"57","author":"Jemal","year":"2007","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib2","unstructured":"Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program SEER*Stat Database: Incidence\u2014SEER 9 Regs Limited-Use, Nov 2006 Sub (1973\u20132004), National Cancer Institute (NCI), DCCPS, Surveillance Research Program, Cancer Statistics Branch, released April 2007, based on the November 2006 submission. Available online at: www.seer.cancer.gov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib3","unstructured":"Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program SEER*Stat Database: Mortality\u2014All COD, Public-Use With State, Total U.S. (1969\u20132004), NCI, DCCPS, Surveillance Research Program, Cancer Statistics Branch, released April 2007. Underlying mortality data provided by NCHS (www.cdc.gov\/nchs). Available online at: www.seer.cancer.gov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib4","unstructured":"NCI. SEER*Stat Database: Incidence\u2014SEER 17 Regs Public-Use, Nov 2005 Sub (1973\u20132003 varying) April 2006 (based on the November 2005 submission). Available online at: www.seer.cancer.gov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.3322\/canjclin.47.5.273","article-title":"Epidemiology of prostate cancer","volume":"47","author":"Haas","year":"1997","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199104253241702","article-title":"Measurement of prostate-specific antigen in serum as a screening test for prostate cancer","volume":"324","author":"Catalona","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)35233-3","article-title":"Comparison of digital rectal examination and serum prostate specific antigen in the early detection of prostate cancer: results of a multicenter clinical trial of 6,630 men","volume":"151","author":"Catalona","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/86.23.1790","article-title":"Analysis of the first-year cost of a prostate cancer screening and treatment program in the United States","volume":"86","author":"Lubke","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19850701)56:1<173::AID-CNCR2820560127>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Screening for carcinoma of the prostate","volume":"56","author":"Vihko","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)41192-X","article-title":"Assessment of screening for prostate cancer using the digital rectal examination","volume":"141","author":"Chodak","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2003.04389.x","article-title":"The story of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer","volume":"92","author":"Schroder","year":"2003","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(98)00171-X","article-title":"Screening digital rectal examination and prostate cancer mortality: a population-based case-control study","volume":"52","author":"Jacobsen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)93207-P","article-title":"Case-control study of screening for prostatic cancer by digital rectal examinations","volume":"337","author":"Friedman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1136\/jms.5.2.99","article-title":"Screening digital rectal examination and prostate cancer mortality: a case-control study","volume":"5","author":"Richert-Boe","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Med Screen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.20017","article-title":"Screening decreases prostate cancer mortality: 11-year follow-up of the 1988 Quebec prospective randomized controlled trial","volume":"59","author":"Labrie","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2004.08.011","article-title":"Clinical consequences of screening for prostate cancer: 15 years follow-up of a randomised controlled trial in Sweden","volume":"46","author":"Sandblom","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004720.pub2","article-title":"Screening for prostate cancer","volume":"3","author":"Ilic","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.07.012","article-title":"Prostate cancer screening decreases the absolute risk of being diagnosed with advanced prostate cancer--results from a prospective, population-based randomized controlled trial","volume":"51","author":"Aus","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.07.013","article-title":"Prostate cancer in the Swedish section of ERSPC--evidence for less metastases at diagnosis but not for mortality reduction","volume":"51","author":"Schroder","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000162061.40533.0f","article-title":"Comparison of screen detected and clinically diagnosed prostate cancer in the European randomized study of screening for prostate cancer, section rotterdam","volume":"174","author":"van der Cruijsen-Koeter","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dji065","article-title":"Prostate cancer screening in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial: findings from the initial screening round of a randomized trial","volume":"97","author":"Andriole","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2004.01.005","article-title":"Prostate-specific antigen test use reported in the 2000 National Health Interview Survey","volume":"38","author":"Ross","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib23","series-title":"Program and abstracts of the American Urological Association 2006 Annual Meeting","article-title":"Performance of PSA levels between 4 and 10 ng\/mL in the era of extended biopsy schemes","author":"Presti","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa031918","article-title":"Prevalence of prostate cancer among men with a prostate-specific antigen level < or =4.0 ng per milliliter","volume":"350","author":"Thompson","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65532-2","article-title":"Validity of the prostate specific antigen test for prostate cancer screening: followup study with a bank of 21,000 sera in Finland","volume":"166","author":"Hakama","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2005.08.040","article-title":"Baseline prostate-specific antigen compared with median prostate-specific antigen for age group as predictor of prostate cancer risk in men younger than 60 years old","volume":"67","author":"Loeb","year":"2006","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.270.7.860","article-title":"Serum prostate-specific antigen in a community-based population of healthy men","volume":"270","author":"Oesterling","year":"1993","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djj410","article-title":"Detection of life-threatening prostate cancer with prostate-specific antigen velocity during a window of curability","volume":"98","author":"Carter","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4975","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.08.904","article-title":"Identifying patients at risk for significant versus clinically insignificant postoperative prostate-specific antigen failure","volume":"23","author":"D\u2019Amico","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.267.16.2215","article-title":"Longitudinal evaluation of prostate-specific antigen levels in men with and without prostate disease","volume":"267","author":"Carter","year":"1992","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.20210","article-title":"Longitudinal PSA changes in men with and without prostate cancer: assessment of prostate cancer risk","volume":"64","author":"Berger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.10.028","article-title":"Prostate specific antigen velocity threshold for predicting prostate cancer in young men","volume":"177","author":"Loeb","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib33","series-title":"Can prostate cancer be found early?","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2005.10.052","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the performance characteristics of the free prostate-specific antigen test","volume":"67","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.20800","article-title":"Palpable cancer of the breast and negative mammography: the ongoing dilemma","volume":"96","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.3322\/canjclin.47.5.288","article-title":"Prostate Cancer Awareness Week: September 22 to 28, 1997","volume":"47","author":"Crawford","year":"1997","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.1.66","article-title":"Operating characteristics of prostate-specific antigen in men with an initial PSA level of 3.0 ng\/ml or lower","volume":"294","author":"Thompson","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-126-10-199705150-00014","article-title":"Screening for colorectal cancer with the fecal occult blood test: a background paper","volume":"126","author":"Ransohoff","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(98)00655-4","article-title":"Serum prostate-specific antigen as a predictor of prostate volume in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia","volume":"53","author":"Roehrborn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030660","article-title":"The influence of finasteride on the development of prostate cancer","volume":"349","author":"Thompson","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djj131","article-title":"Assessing prostate cancer risk: results from the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial","volume":"98","author":"Thompson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200220130-00001","article-title":"The economic costs of early stage prostate cancer","volume":"20","author":"Saigal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.06.036","article-title":"Psychological effects of a suspicious prostate cancer screening test followed by a benign biopsy result","volume":"117","author":"McNaughton-Collins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1369-6513.2002.00166.x","article-title":"Psychological benefits of prostate cancer screening: the role of reassurance","volume":"5","author":"Cantor","year":"2002","journal-title":"Health Expect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)64276-0","article-title":"Screening for prostate cancer in high risk populations","volume":"168","author":"Catalona","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1177\/1524839904263682","article-title":"Prostate cancer screening decision making under controversy: implications for health promotion practice","volume":"7","author":"Gwede","year":"2006","journal-title":"Health Promot Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043739","article-title":"Radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in early prostate cancer","volume":"352","author":"Bill-Axelson","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib48","first-page":"267","article-title":"Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) best practice policy","volume":"14","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oncology (Williston Park)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3322\/canjclin.56.1.11","article-title":"American Cancer Society guidelines for the early detection of cancer, 2006","volume":"56","author":"Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib50","series-title":"Summary of recommendations for clinical preventive services","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib51","series-title":"Preventive services in adults","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-11-200212030-00013","article-title":"Screening for prostate cancer: recommendation and rationale","volume":"137","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-126-6-199703150-00011","article-title":"Screening for prostate cancer","volume":"126","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib54","series-title":"Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination Canadian Guide to Clinical Preventive Health Care","first-page":"812","article-title":"Screening for prostate cancer","author":"Feightner","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib55","unstructured":"Prostate cancer. Available online at: http:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/medlineplus\/prostatecancer.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib56","unstructured":"Prostate cancer screening: Should you get a PSA test? Available online at: http:\/\/www.mayoclinic.com\/health\/prostate-cancer\/HQ01273."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib57","unstructured":"Prostate Cancer: Screening. Available online at: http:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/cancerinfo\/pdq\/screening\/prostate\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib58","unstructured":"Prostate Cancer Screening: A Decision Guide. Available online at: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/cancer\/prostate\/publications\/decisionguide\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib59","unstructured":"Prostate Cancer Screening: A Decision Guide for African Americans. Available online at: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/cancer\/prostate\/publications\/aadecisionguide\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003_bib60","unstructured":"Your disease risk: the source on prevention. Available online at: http:\/\/www.yourdiseaserisk.harvard.edu\/."}],"container-title":["American Journal of Preventive Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749379707006873?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749379707006873?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T01:04:09Z","timestamp":1557191049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0749379707006873"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0749379707006873"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.10.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0749-3797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0749-3797","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]}}}