{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T05:35:17Z","timestamp":1792042517004,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]],"date-time":"2014-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414800000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"VA CSR&D Career Development Award","award":["CX000867"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX000867"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Preventive Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,16]],"date-time":"2014-09-16T13:13:39Z","timestamp":1410873219000},"page":"554-562","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Examining Sexual Orientation Disparities in Alcohol Misuse Among Women Veterans"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Keren","family":"Lehavot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kendall C.","family":"Browne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy L.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Vital signs: binge drinking among women and high school girls\u2013U.S., 2011","volume":"62","year":"2013","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2013.795465","article-title":"Substance use among women veterans: epidemiology to evidence-based treatment","volume":"32","author":"Cucciare","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Addict Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.166165","article-title":"Gender differences in mental health diagnoses among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans enrolled in Veterans Affairs health care","volume":"100","author":"Maguen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.5.476","article-title":"Bringing the war back home: mental health disorders among 103,788 U.S. veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan seen at Department of Veterans Affairs facilities","volume":"167","author":"Seal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2010.12.032","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of alcohol misuse among returning Afghanistan and Iraq veterans","volume":"36","author":"Burnett-Zeigler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2010.03.006","article-title":"Female veterans of the OEF\/OIF conflict: concordance of PTSD symptoms and substance misuse","volume":"35","author":"Nunnink","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"1S","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S44","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300565","article-title":"Suicidal ideation among sexual minority veterans: results from the 2005\u20132010 Massachusetts Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey","volume":"102","author":"Blosnich","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib8","series-title":"Lesbian, gay, and bisexual men and women in the U.S. military: updated estimates, 2010","author":"Gates","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib9","series-title":"The health of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people: building a foundation for better understanding","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2004.07.007","article-title":"Alcohol and tobacco use patterns among heterosexually and homosexually experienced California women","volume":"77","author":"Burgard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1300\/J155v09n03_03","article-title":"Alcohol consumption, alcohol-related problems, and other substance use among lesbian and bisexual women","volume":"9","author":"Drabble","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Lesbian Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2005.66.105","article-title":"Use of heavier drinking contexts among heterosexuals, homosexuals and bisexuals: results from a National Household Probability Survey","volume":"66","author":"Trocki","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2008.69.129","article-title":"Drinking and drinking-related problems among heterosexual and sexual minority women","volume":"69","author":"Wilsnack","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol Drugs"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2013.744932","article-title":"Mental health characteristics of sexual minority veterans","volume":"60","author":"Cochran","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Homosex"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20643","article-title":"Rape, sex partnership, and substance use consequences in women veterans","volume":"24","author":"Booth","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"issue":"2S","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S604","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-013-2357-9","article-title":"Sexual victimization, health status, and VA healthcare utilization among lesbian and bisexual OEF\/OIF veterans","volume":"28","author":"Mattocks","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024760900213","article-title":"Prevalence of depressive and alcohol abuse symptoms among women VA outpatients who report experiencing sexual assault while in the military","volume":"12","author":"Hankin","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1300\/J041v11n01_02","article-title":"Mental health impact of child sexual abuse, rape, intimate partner violence, and hate crimes in the National Lesbian Health Care Survey","volume":"11","author":"Descamps","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Gay Lesbian Soc Serv"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2006.12.014","article-title":"Childhood risk factors for alcohol abuse and psychological distress among adult lesbians","volume":"31","author":"Hughes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.73.3.477","article-title":"Victimization over the life span: comparison of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and heterosexual siblings","volume":"73","author":"Balsam","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1177\/10778010022181714","article-title":"Physical and sexual violence experienced by lesbian and heterosexual women","volume":"6","author":"Bernhard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Violence Against Women"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.190009","article-title":"A meta-analysis of disparities in childhood sexual abuse, parental physical abuse, and peer victimization among sexual minority and nonminority individuals","volume":"101","author":"Friedman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03088.x","article-title":"Victimization and substance use disorders in a national sample of heterosexual and sexual minority women and men","volume":"105","author":"Hughes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838010390707","article-title":"The prevalence of sexual assault against people who identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual in the U.S.: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Rothman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1080\/00918360902821395","article-title":"Sexual and physical abuse: a comparison between lesbians and their heterosexual sisters","volume":"56","author":"Stoddard","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Homosex"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031486","article-title":"Sexual orientation differences in the relationship between victimization and hazardous drinking among women in the National Alcohol Survey","volume":"27","author":"Drabble","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)00933-1","article-title":"A second look at comorbidity in victims of trauma: the posttraumatic stress disorder-major depression connection","volume":"48","author":"Breslau","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.52.11.1521","article-title":"Screening for mental health illness in a Veterans Affairs women\u2019s health clinic","volume":"52","author":"Bader","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1300\/J013v43n03_03","article-title":"Female veterans seeking medical care at Veterans Affairs primary care clinics: psychiatric and medical illness burden and service use","volume":"43","author":"Grubaugh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Women Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016501","article-title":"Burden of psychiatric morbidity among lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals in the California Quality of Life Survey","volume":"118","author":"Cochran","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.91.6.933","article-title":"Risk of psychiatric disorders among individuals reporting same-sex sexual partners in the National Comorbidity Survey","volume":"91","author":"Gilman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.168971","article-title":"Pervasive trauma exposure among U.S. sexual orientation minority adults and risk of posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"100","author":"Roberts","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.22.2.186","article-title":"Latent growth modeling of the relationship between depressive symptoms and substance use during adolescence","volume":"22","author":"Fleming","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1017\/S1121189X00008575","article-title":"The U.S. National Comorbidity Survey: overview and future directions","volume":"6","author":"Kessler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psichiatr Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.111.1.33","article-title":"Addiction motivation reformulated: an affective processing model of negative reinforcement","volume":"111","author":"Baker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035193","article-title":"Drinking motives moderate daily relationships between PTSD and alcohol use","volume":"123","author":"Simpson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(01)00257-5","article-title":"Childhood victimization and alcohol symptoms in females: causal inferences and hypothesized mediators","volume":"25","author":"Schuck","year":"2001","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2008.69.337","article-title":"Three potential mediators of the effects of child abuse and neglect on adulthood substance use among women","volume":"69","author":"White","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol Drugs"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.8.1132","article-title":"Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect","volume":"151","author":"Bernstein","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6402.2007.00385.x","article-title":"Revising the SES: a collaborative process to improve assessment of sexual aggression and victimization","volume":"31","author":"Koss","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol Women Q"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib41","series-title":"Sexual orientation and mental health: examining identity and development in lesbian, gay, and bisexual people","article-title":"Developmental and contextual factors and mental health among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths","author":"D\u2019Augelli","year":"2005"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.06.026","article-title":"The PHQ-8 as a measure of current depression in the general population","volume":"114","author":"Kroenke","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib43","series-title":"Measurement of stress, trauma, and adaptation","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the PTSD checklist (PCL-C, PCL-S, PCL-M, PCL-PR)","author":"Weathers","year":"1996"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x","article-title":"Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption\u2014II","volume":"88","author":"Saunders","year":"1993","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.85.7.982","article-title":"A gender-specific measure of binge drinking among college students","volume":"85","author":"Wechsler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.2307\/271028","article-title":"Total, direct, and indirect effects in structural equation models","volume":"17","author":"Bollen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Sociol Methodol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","article-title":"Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Struct Equ Modeling"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib48","series-title":"Evaluation of model fit indices for latent variable models with categorical and continuous outcomes","author":"Yu","year":"2002"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-210X.2009.00001.x","article-title":"A protocol for data exploration to avoid common statistical problems","volume":"1","author":"Zuur","year":"2010","journal-title":"Methods Ecol Evol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(00)00088-X","article-title":"Concomitance between childhood sexual and physical abuse and substance use problems: a review","volume":"22","author":"Simpson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.08.002","article-title":"Alcohol use and trauma exposure among male and female veterans before, during, and after military service","volume":"133","author":"Kelley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022839","article-title":"The impact of minority stress on mental health and substance use among sexual minority women","volume":"79","author":"Lehavot","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2000.61.827","article-title":"The relationships of a family history of alcohol dependence, a low level of response, a low level of response to alcohol and six domains of life functioning to the development of alcohol use disorders","volume":"61","author":"Schuckit","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260510372946","article-title":"Sexual revictimization and mental health: a comparison of lesbians, gay men, and heterosexual women","volume":"26","author":"Balsam","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024789723779","article-title":"Childhood abuse and sexual revictimization in a female Navy recruit sample","volume":"12","author":"Merrill","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Preventive Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749379714003286?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749379714003286?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,29]],"date-time":"2018-09-29T18:59:20Z","timestamp":1538247560000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0749379714003286"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0749379714003286"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0749-3797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0749-3797","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]}}}