{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T12:58:34Z","timestamp":1760101114376},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajpm-online.net","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Preventive Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,15]],"date-time":"2019-02-15T08:05:12Z","timestamp":1550217912000},"page":"368-375","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Racial Differences in Maintaining Optimal Health Behaviors Into Middle Age"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"56","author":[{"suffix":"III","given":"John N.","family":"Booth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norrina B.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Calhoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"April P.","family":"Carson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luqin","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"David C.","family":"Goff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David T.","family":"Redden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jared P.","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daichi","family":"Shimbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Shikany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Sidney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bonnie","family":"Spring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cora E.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Muntner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e146","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000485","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20132017 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"135","author":"Benjamin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192703","article-title":"Defining and setting national goals for cardiovascular health promotion and disease reduction: the American Heart Association's strategic impact goal through 2020 and beyond","volume":"121","author":"Lloyd-Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.548206","article-title":"Prediction of lifetime risk for cardiovascular disease by risk factor burden at 50 years of age","volume":"113","author":"Lloyd-Jones","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1 suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2016.09.019","article-title":"A comparison of black and white racial differences in health lifestyles and cardiovascular disease","volume":"52","author":"Cockerham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2010.04.020","article-title":"Higher cardiovascular disease prevalence and mortality among younger blacks compared to whites","volume":"123","author":"Jolly","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1012848","article-title":"Lifetime risks of cardiovascular disease","volume":"366","author":"Berry","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(88)90080-7","article-title":"CARDIA: study design, recruitment, and some characteristics of the examined subjects","volume":"41","author":"Friedman","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-7435(02)00067-1","article-title":"Patterns of health behavior in U.S. adults","volume":"36","author":"Berrigan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.80.9.1053","article-title":"Racial differences in serum cotinine levels among smokers in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults study","volume":"80","author":"Wagenknecht","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115835","article-title":"Comparison of two methods of assessing physical activity in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study","volume":"133","author":"Sidney","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.163","article-title":"Lewis CE. Active commuting and cardiovascular disease risk: the CARDIA study","volume":"169","author":"Gordon-Larsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000278","article-title":"et al. Convergent validity of a brief self-reported physical activity questionnaire","volume":"46","author":"Gabriel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(21)01299-2","article-title":"The CARDIA dietary history: development, implementation, and evaluation","volume":"91","author":"McDonald","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0014","first-page":"15","article-title":"A study of the reliability and comparative validity of the cardia dietary history","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-7435(90)90017-E","article-title":"Cigarette smoking behavior is strongly related to educational status: the CARDIA study","volume":"19","author":"Wagenknecht","year":"1990","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.129429","article-title":"et al. Serum urate and its relationship with alcoholic beverage intake in men and women: findings from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort","volume":"69","author":"Gaffo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.02.363","article-title":"et al. Lifestyle-related factors, obesity, and incident microalbuminuria: the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study","volume":"62","author":"Chang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000063","article-title":"Multilevel multiple imputation: a review and evaluation of joint modeling and chained equations imputation","volume":"21","author":"Enders","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(20000615\/30)19:11\/12<1495::AID-SIM441>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Computing estimates of incidence, including lifetime risk: Alzheimer's disease in the Framingham Study. The Practical Incidence Estimators (PIE) macro","volume":"19","author":"Beiser","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780091214","article-title":"Relation of pooled logistic regression to time dependent Cox regression analysis: the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"9","author":"D'Agostino","year":"1990","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3181e8edf1","article-title":"Interventions to promote physical activity and dietary lifestyle changes for cardiovascular risk factor reduction in adults: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"122","author":"Artinian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.15.1882","article-title":"Primary prevention of hypertension: clinical and public health advisory from the National High Blood Pressure Education Program","volume":"288","author":"Whelton","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2006.09.020","article-title":"Turning back the clock: adopting a healthy lifestyle in middle age","volume":"120","author":"King","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300167","article-title":"Low-risk lifestyle behaviors and all-cause mortality: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III Mortality Study","volume":"101","author":"Ford","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2008.02.001","article-title":"Multiple health behavior change research: an introduction and overview","volume":"46","author":"Prochaska","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.34.6.2","article-title":"The science of sustaining health behavior change: the health maintenance consortium","volume":"34","author":"Ory","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Health Behav"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0027","first-page":"1706","article-title":"Godwin M. Lifestyle interventions in primary care: systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"54","author":"Fleming","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001561.pub2","article-title":"Multiple risk factor interventions for primary prevention of coronary heart disease","author":"Ebrahim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1177\/1559827610391883","article-title":"Prochaska JO. A review of multiple health behavior change interventions for primary prevention","volume":"5","author":"Prochaska","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Lifestyle Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1177\/1559827613488867","article-title":"Long-term adherence to health behavior change","volume":"7","author":"Middleton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Lifestyle Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0031","year":"2014"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32832926fb","article-title":"Differences in healthy lifestyle characteristics between adults with prehypertension and normal blood pressure","volume":"27","author":"Greenlund","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0033","first-page":"1413","article-title":"Usual sodium intakes compared with current dietary guidelines\u2014United States, 2005\u20132008","volume":"60","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.8.854","article-title":"Healthy lifestyle characteristics among adults in the United States, 2000","volume":"165","author":"Reeves","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.981613","article-title":"Cushman M. Recent advances in preventive cardiology and lifestyle medicine: a themed series","volume":"123","author":"Franklin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005445","article-title":"Healthy lifestyle change and subclinical atherosclerosis in young adults: Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study","volume":"130","author":"Spring","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.9479","article-title":"The DASH diet and diet costs among ethnic and racial groups in the United States","volume":"173","author":"Monsivais","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.047480","article-title":"Twenty-two-year trends in incidence of myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease mortality, and case fatality in 4 U.S. communities, 1987\u20132008","volume":"125","author":"Rosamond","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-2251","article-title":"Trends in the risk for coronary heart disease among adults with diagnosed diabetes in the U.S.: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999\u20132008","volume":"34","author":"Ford","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0040","first-page":"e38","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142016 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"133","author":"Mozaffarian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.89.3.308","article-title":"Evidence for a black-white crossover in all-cause and coronary heart disease mortality in an older population: the North Carolina EPESE","volume":"89","author":"Corti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Preventive Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S074937971832364X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S074937971832364X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T17:25:57Z","timestamp":1694625957000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S074937971832364X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S074937971832364X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020","relation":{},"ISSN":["0749-3797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0749-3797","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Racial Differences in Maintaining Optimal Health Behaviors Into Middle Age","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.020","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}