{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T23:22:33Z","timestamp":1788996153824,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajpm-online.net","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Preventive Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]],"date-time":"2019-09-27T00:32:24Z","timestamp":1569544344000},"page":"629-636","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["An Examination of Concurrent Opioid and Benzodiazepine Prescribing in 9 States, 2015"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1553-661X","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Gery P.","family":"Guy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Halpin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wesley","family":"Sargent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.03.040","article-title":"Emergency department visits and overdose deaths from combined use of opioids and benzodiazepines","volume":"49","author":"Jones","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"h2698","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h2698","article-title":"Benzodiazepine prescribing patterns and deaths from drug overdose among U.S. veterans receiving opioid analgesics: case-cohort study","volume":"350","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0003","first-page":"85","article-title":"Cohort study of the impact of high-dose opioid analgesics on overdose mortality","volume":"17","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"j760","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j760","article-title":"Association between concurrent use of prescription opioids and benzodiazepines and overdose: retrospective analysis","volume":"356","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.07.004","article-title":"Polydrug abuse: a review of opioid and benzodiazepine combination use","volume":"125","author":"Jones","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0006","series-title":"FDA warns about serious risks and death when combining opioid pain or cough medicines with benzodiazepines; requires its strongest warning","year":"2016"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6626a4","article-title":"Vital Signs: changes in opioid prescribing in the United States, 2006\u20132015","volume":"66","author":"Guy","year":"2017","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2016.02.014","article-title":"Trends in the concomitant prescribing of opioids and benzodiaepines, 2002\u20132014","volume":"51","author":"Hwang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2017.12.010","article-title":"Outpatient, combined use of opioid and benzodiazepine medications in the United States, 1993\u20132014","volume":"9","author":"Hirshtritt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prev Med Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.13273","article-title":"Emergency department provider perspectives on benzodiazepine-opioid coprescribing: a qualitative study","volume":"25","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000354","article-title":"Concurrent use of opioids and benzodiazepines: evaluation of prescription drug monitoring by a United States laboratory","volume":"11","author":"McClure","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Addict Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.0919","article-title":"Exposure\u2013response association between concurrent opioid and benzodiazepine use and risk of opioid-related overdose in Medicare part D beneficiaries","volume":"1","author":"Hernandez","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr6501e1","article-title":"CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain\u2013United States, 2016","volume":"65","author":"Dowell","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0014","series-title":"CDC compilation of benzodiazepines, muscle relaxants, stimulants, zolpidem, and opioid analgesics with oral morphine milligram equivalent conversion factors, 2017 version","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.02.019","article-title":"Concomitant use of buprenorphine for medication-assisted treatment of opioid use disorder and benzodiazepines: using the prescription behavior surveillance system","volume":"187","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.02.010","article-title":"Effects of mandatory prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) use laws on prescriber registration and use on risky prescribing","volume":"199","author":"Strickler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0017","first-page":"648","article-title":"Potential misuse and inappropriate prescription practices involving opioid analgesics","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-1243","article-title":"Opioid prescribing in the United States before and after the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 2016 Opioid Guideline","volume":"169","author":"Bohnert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1904190","article-title":"No shortcuts to safer opioid prescribing","volume":"380","author":"Dowell","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-152-2-201001190-00006","article-title":"Opioid prescriptions for chronic pain and overdose: a cohort study","volume":"152","author":"Dunn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.370","article-title":"Association between opioid prescribing patterns and opioid overdose-related deaths","volume":"305","author":"Bohnert","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.117","article-title":"Opioid dose and drug-related mortality in patients with nonmalignant pain","volume":"171","author":"Gomes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6610a1","article-title":"Characteristics of initial prescription episodes and likelihood of long-term opioid use - United States, 2006\u20132015","volume":"66","author":"Shah","year":"2017","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-011-1771-0","article-title":"Long-term chronic opioid therapy discontinuation rates from the TROUP study","volume":"26","author":"Martin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2016.0448","article-title":"Mandatory provider review and pain clinic laws reduce the amounts of opioids prescribed and overdose death rates","volume":"35","author":"Dowell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.03.036","article-title":"Mandatory review of a prescription drug monitoring program and impact on opioid and benzodiazepine dispensing","volume":"188","author":"Winstanley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0027","series-title":"PDMP prescriber use mandates: characteristics, current status, and outcomes in selected states","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.05.014","article-title":"Prescribing of benzodiazepines and opioids to individuals with substance use disorders","volume":"178","author":"O'Brien","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.03.002","article-title":"Beliefs about the consequences of using benzodiazepines among persons with opioid use disorder","volume":"77","author":"Stein","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Subst Abus Treat"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6409a1","article-title":"Controlled substance prescribing patterns\u2013Prescription Behavior Surveillance System, eight states, 2013","volume":"64","author":"Paulozzi","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002","article-title":"Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States: results from the National comorbidity Survey","volume":"51","author":"Kessler","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.1763","article-title":"Benzodiazepine use in the United States","volume":"72","author":"Olfson","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.2165\/11599460-000000000-00000","article-title":"Medication-related falls in the elderly: causative factors and preventive strategies","volume":"29","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.357","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the impact of 9 medication classes on falls in elderly persons","volume":"169","author":"Woolcott","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.436","article-title":"Emergency department visits by adults for psychiatric medication adverse events","volume":"71","author":"Hampton","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.2031","article-title":"Impact of drug interactions, dosage, and duration of therapy on the risk of hip fracture associated with benzodiazepine use in older adults","volume":"19","author":"Zint","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Preventive Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749379719302740?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749379719302740?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T07:52:37Z","timestamp":1760082757000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0749379719302740"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0749379719302740"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0749-3797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0749-3797","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An Examination of Concurrent Opioid and Benzodiazepine Prescribing in 9 States, 2015","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of Preventive Medicine.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}