{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T23:57:11Z","timestamp":1793145431332,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajpm-online.net","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Preventive Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]],"date-time":"2019-11-18T03:04:10Z","timestamp":1574046250000},"page":"775-785","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Prescription Benzodiazepine Use in Privately Insured U.S. Children and Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Greta A.","family":"Bushnell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Crystal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Olfson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.1763","article-title":"Benzodiazepine use in the United States","volume":"72","author":"Olfson","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303061","article-title":"Increasing benzodiazepine prescriptions and overdose mortality in the United States, 1996\u20122013","volume":"106","author":"Bachhuber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.7399","article-title":"Patterns in outpatient benzodiazepine prescribing in the United States","volume":"2","author":"Agarwal","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3825","article-title":"Exposure to benzodiazepines (anxiolytics, hypnotics and related drugs) in seven European electronic healthcare databases: a cross-national descriptive study from the PROTECT-EU Project","volume":"25","author":"Huerta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6409a1","article-title":"Controlled substance prescribing patterns\u2012Prescription Behavior Surveillance System, eight states, 2013","volume":"64","author":"Paulozzi","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.5690","article-title":"Trends in prescription medication use among children and adolescents-United States, 1999\u20122014","volume":"319","author":"Hales","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.01.009","article-title":"Medical and nonmedical use of prescription benzodiazepine anxiolytics among U.S. high school seniors","volume":"39","author":"McCabe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0008","unstructured":"Brunton LL, Chabner BA, Knollmann BC (eds.). Goodman & Gillman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 12th ed. New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.; 2011."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7020017","article-title":"Benzodiazepines I: Upping the care on downers: the evidence of risks, benefits and alternatives","volume":"7","author":"Guina","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-015-0138-8","article-title":"Benzodiazepine prescribing guideline adherence and misuse potential in Irish minors","volume":"37","author":"Murphy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201700095","article-title":"Long-term use of benzodiazepines and nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics, 1999\u20122014","volume":"69","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2015.09.003","article-title":"Long-term use of benzodiazepines: definitions, prevalence and usage patterns - a systematic review of register-based studies","volume":"30","author":"Kurko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.62.8.pss6208_0900","article-title":"Five-year trajectories of long-term benzodiazepine use by adolescents: patient, provider, and medication factors","volume":"62","author":"Yeh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-007070","article-title":"Benzodiazepine prescribing in children under 15 years of age receiving free medical care on the General Medical Services scheme in Ireland","volume":"5","author":"O'Sullivan","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16m11415","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.16m11415","article-title":"Treating pediatric anxiety: initial use of SSRIs and other antianxiety prescription medications","volume":"79","author":"Bushnell","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0016","first-page":"1","article-title":"Drugs most frequently involved in drug overdose deaths: United States, 2010\u20122014","volume":"65","author":"Warner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0017","first-page":"1","article-title":"Drug-poisoning deaths involving opioid analgesics: United States, 1999\u20122011","volume":"166","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.2165\/11533170-000000000-00000","article-title":"The relationship between benzodiazepine use and traffic accidents: a systematic literature review","volume":"24","author":"Smink","year":"2010","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08m04325","article-title":"Benzodiazepine use and driving: a meta-analysis","volume":"70","author":"Rapoport","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-013-2446-y","article-title":"Association between use of benzodiazepines and risk of fractures: a meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Xing","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.2.151","article-title":"The APA Task Force report on benzodiazepine dependence, toxicity, and abuse","volume":"148","author":"Salzman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3951","article-title":"Trends in prescribing of sedative-hypnotic medications in the USA: 1993\u20122010","volume":"25","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.07.016","article-title":"Views of general practitioners and benzodiazepine users on benzodiazepines: a qualitative analysis","volume":"62","author":"Parr","year":"2006","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3181d6c0c6","article-title":"Antipsychotic and benzodiazepine use among nursing home residents: findings from the 2004 National Nursing Home Survey","volume":"18","author":"Stevenson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0000000000000078","article-title":"Efficacy of treatments for anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Bandelow","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.3036","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness and safety of cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy for childhood anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"171","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0027","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents","author":"Ipser","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000246070.23695.06","article-title":"Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with anxiety disorders","volume":"46","author":"Connolly","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12594","article-title":"European guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia","volume":"26","author":"Riemann","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2009.04.009","article-title":"Pharmacologic treatment of pediatric insomnia","volume":"18","author":"Owens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-005-2982-5","article-title":"Review of benzodiazepine use in children and adolescents","volume":"76","author":"Witek","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychiatr Q"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.11.015","article-title":"Use of pharmacotherapy for insomnia in child psychiatry practice: a national survey","volume":"11","author":"Owens","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002635","article-title":"Benzodiazepine prescribing for children, adolescents, and young adults from 2006 through 2013: a total population register-linkage study","volume":"15","author":"Sidorchuk","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLOS Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201800321","article-title":"Benzodiazepine use and misuse among adults in the United States","volume":"70","author":"Maust","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e363","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.16m10713","article-title":"National trends in antidepressant, benzodiazepine, and other sedative-hypnotic treatment of older adults in psychiatric and primary care","volume":"78","author":"Maust","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9826","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60072-5","article-title":"Adolescence: a foundation for future health","volume":"379","author":"Sawyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0037","unstructured":"IBM Watson health. MarketScan. https:\/\/truvenhealth.com\/your-healthcare-focus\/government\/analytic-research\/marketscan. Accessed April 2, 2019."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.26297","article-title":"The use of pharmacotherapy in the treatment of pediatric insomnia in primary care: rational approaches. A Consensus Meeting Summary","volume":"1","author":"Owens","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.2165\/00128072-200103060-00002","article-title":"Treatment of status epilepticus in children","volume":"3","author":"De Negri","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0040","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Practice. Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With Major Depressive Disorder. https:\/\/psychiatryonline.org\/pb\/assets\/raw\/sitewide\/practice_guidelines\/guidelines\/mdd.pdf. Published 2010. Accessed June 5, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0041","article-title":"Antidepressants plus benzodiazepines for major depression","volume":"3","author":"Furukawa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0042","article-title":"Benzodiazepines for psychosis-induced aggression or agitation","volume":"4","author":"Gillies","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0043","article-title":"Benzodiazepines for schizophrenia","volume":"11","author":"Dold","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2011.9.6866","article-title":"The psychopharmacology of agitation: consensus statement of the American Association for Emergency Psychiatry Project BETA Psychopharmacology Workgroup","volume":"13","author":"Wilson","year":"2012","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-011-1188-z","article-title":"Benzodiazepine use in Belgian nursing homes: a closer look into indications and dosages","volume":"68","author":"Bourgeois","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285610390261","article-title":"Treatment strategies for tics in Tourette syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Eddy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"issue":"1\u20122","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(93)90154-Q","article-title":"Treatment of spasticity in children with low dose benzodiazepine","volume":"117","author":"Dahlin","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0048","article-title":"Drug treatment for myotonia","volume":"1","author":"Trip","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmh095","article-title":"The efficacy of diazepam in enhancing motor function in children with spastic cerebral palsy","volume":"51","author":"Mathew","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0050","series-title":"Motor neuron diseases fact sheet","year":"2012"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181cbcd2f","volume":"74","author":"Delgado","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.2165\/11634330-000000000-00000","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for adolescent alcohol use disorder","volume":"26","author":"Clark","year":"2012","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-013-0336-9","article-title":"Burning mouth syndrome: a review of recent literature","volume":"17","author":"Charleston","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1517\/14656561003767449","article-title":"Medical management of trigeminal neuropathic pains","volume":"11","author":"Zakrzewska","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2016.03.015","article-title":"Pharmacologic therapies in musculoskeletal conditions","volume":"100","author":"Loveless","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0056","series-title":"Benzodiazepine and Z-drug safety guideline","year":"2014"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-7-200710020-00006","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of low back pain: a joint clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians and the American Pain Society","volume":"147","author":"Chou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0058","series-title":"FDA warns about serious risks and death when combining opioid pain or cough medicines with benzodiazepines; requires its strongest warning","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-14-199","article-title":"Pediatric complex chronic conditions classification system version 2: updated for ICD-10 and complex medical technology dependence and transplantation","volume":"14","author":"Feudtner","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh090","article-title":"A modified Poisson regression approach to prospective studies with binary data","volume":"159","author":"Zou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0061","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Generalised Anxiety Disorder and Panic Disorder in Adults: Management. https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg113. Published 2011. Accessed May 31, 2018."},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-14-S1-S1","article-title":"Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive\u2013compulsive disorders","volume":"14","author":"Katzman","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2012.04418.x","article-title":"Benzodiazepine harm: how can it be reduced?","volume":"77","author":"Lader","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0064","first-page":"222","article-title":"Combination treatment with benzodiazepines and SSRIs for comorbid anxiety and depression: a review","volume":"10","author":"Dunlop","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2296-12-28","article-title":"Gaining insight into benzodiazepine prescribing in General Practice in France: a data-based study","volume":"12","author":"Rosman","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2010.11.003","article-title":"Pharmacology of sleep disorders in children and adolescents","volume":"58","author":"Chhangani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445506295055","article-title":"Prevention and intervention strategies to alleviate preoperative anxiety in children: a critical review","volume":"31","author":"Wright","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav Modif"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.2344\/0003-3006(2007)54[118:OSAPOA]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Oral sedation: a primer on anxiolysis for the adult patient","volume":"54","author":"Donaldson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anesth Prog"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-010-0140-6","article-title":"European guidelines on managing adverse effects of medication for ADHD","volume":"20","author":"Graham","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"suppl 6","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(99)00051-6","article-title":"Limitations on the use of benzodiazepines in anxiety and insomnia: are they justified?","volume":"9","author":"Lader","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/09540260500071863","article-title":"The epidemiology of long-term benzodiazepine use","volume":"17","author":"Neutel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Rev Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200309000-00012","article-title":"Benzodiazepine use in older adults enrolled in a health maintenance organization","volume":"11","author":"Gray","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318145ae1c","article-title":"Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with depressive disorders","volume":"46","author":"Birmaher","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0074","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Depression in Children and Young People: Identification and Management. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21834190. Published 2005. Accessed August 15, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0075","unstructured":"Pottie K, Thompson W, Davies S, et al. Deprescribing benzodiazepine receptor agonists: evidence-based clinical practice guideline. Can Fam Phys. 2018;64(5):339\u2013351. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29760253. Accessed August 10, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0076","series-title":"Discontinuation Strategies for Patients With Long-Term Benzodiazepine Use: A Review of Clinical Evidence and Guidelines","year":"2015"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.113.134650","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of two interventions to discontinue long-term benzodiazepine use: cluster randomised controlled trial in primary care","volume":"204","author":"Vicens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.949","article-title":"Reduction of inappropriate benzodiazepine prescriptions among older adults through direct patient education: the EMPOWER cluster randomized trial","volume":"174","author":"Tannenbaum","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr6501e1","article-title":"CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain\u2012United States, 2016","volume":"65","author":"Dowell","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"j760","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j760","article-title":"Association between concurrent use of prescription opioids and benzodiazepines and overdose: retrospective analysis","volume":"356","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e218","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000000684","article-title":"Epidemiology of polypharmacy and potential drug\u2013drug interactions among pediatric patients in ICUs of U.S. children's hospitals","volume":"17","author":"Dai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.3109\/08039488.2011.644809","article-title":"Psychotropic drug and polypharmacy use among adolescents and young adults: findings from the Finnish 1981 Nationwide Birth Cohort Study","volume":"66","author":"Gyllenberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nord J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201800428","article-title":"Differences in utilization of mental health treatment among children and adolescents with Medicaid or private insurance","volume":"70","author":"Ali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693\u2012695","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1715050","article-title":"Our other prescription drug problem","volume":"378","author":"Lembke","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Preventive Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749379719303125?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749379719303125?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T07:52:38Z","timestamp":1760082758000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0749379719303125"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0749379719303125"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0749-3797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0749-3797","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prescription Benzodiazepine Use in Privately Insured U.S. Children and Adolescents","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}