{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T12:29:57Z","timestamp":1786969797370,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN-2019 04355"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2019 04355"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024602","name":"University of Alberta School of Business","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001840","name":"The Icelandic Centre for Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001840","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011103","name":"Rann\u00eds","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["airmedicaljournal.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Air Medical Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.amj.2026.04.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T20:49:51Z","timestamp":1781815791000},"page":"455-460","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Benefit of Adding a Second Helicopter Base in Iceland: The Impact of Weather"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5809-0987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phuong K.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sveinbj\u00f6rn","family":"D\u00faason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1247-919X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Gunnarsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8287-1418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d3lafur","family":"R\u00f6gnvaldsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0784-4202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Hosein","family":"Zare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1415-278X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reynold","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2213-2736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1rmann","family":"Ing\u00f3lfsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.amj.2026.04.006_bib0001","unstructured":"Statistics Iceland. Population. Available at: https:\/\/statice.is\/. Accessed March 18, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amj.2026.04.006_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.14509","article-title":"Helicopter emergency medical services in Iceland between 2018 and 2022\u2013a retrospective study","volume":"68","author":"Stefansson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amj.2026.04.006_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-025-01504-1","article-title":"Selection of helicopter bases and transport modes to minimize pre-hospital times in Iceland","volume":"33","author":"Nguyen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amj.2026.04.006_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-023-01114-9","article-title":"Locating helicopter ambulance bases in Iceland: efficient and fair solutions","volume":"31","author":"Gunnarsson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amj.2026.04.006_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seps.2011.09.002","article-title":"Analyzing the volume and nature of emergency medical calls during severe weather events using regression methodologies","volume":"46","author":"McLay","year":"2012","journal-title":"Socio-Econ Plan Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amj.2026.04.006_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1080\/10903127.2019.1593563","article-title":"Weather and temporal factors associated with use of emergency medical services","volume":"23","author":"Ramgopal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prehosp Emerg Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amj.2026.04.006_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1127\/0941-2948\/2007\/0185","article-title":"The weather and climate of Iceland","volume":"16","author":"\u00d3lafsson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Meteorol Z"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amj.2026.04.006_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amj.2004.12.006","article-title":"Aborted air medical missions: a 4-year quality review of a Canadian province-wide air medical program","volume":"24","author":"Lawless","year":"2005","journal-title":"Air Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amj.2026.04.006_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-019-0592-8","article-title":"Impact of icing weather conditions on the patients in helicopter emergency medical service: a prospective study from Northern Finland","volume":"27","author":"Pulkkinen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amj.2026.04.006_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12673","article-title":"Helicopter-based emergency medical services for a sparsely populated region: a study of 42,500 dispatches","volume":"60","author":"\u00d8ster\u00e5s","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amj.2026.04.006_bib0011","unstructured":"Air Ambulance Service. Activity report for air ambulance service in 2023. Available at: https:\/\/www.luftambulanse.no\/4a2567\/siteassets\/seksjon\/rapporter\/documents\/aktivitetsrapporter\/2023-aktivitetsrapport-luftambulansetjenesten.pdf. Accessed December 5, 2024."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amj.2026.04.006_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amj.2017.06.005","article-title":"The impact of helicopter emergency medical service night operations in South East England","volume":"36","author":"Curtis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Air Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amj.2026.04.006_bib0013","unstructured":"European Union Aviation Safety Agency. Easy access rules for air operations. Available at: https:\/\/www.easa.europa.eu\/en\/document-library\/easy-access-rules\/online-publications\/easy-access-rules-air-operations?page=50#_Toc256001867. Accessed October 10, 2024."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amj.2026.04.006_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001935","article-title":"Logistics of air medical transport: when and where does helicopter transport reduce prehospital time for trauma?","volume":"85","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amj.2026.04.006_bib0015","series-title":"An Investigation Into Effects of Weather and Seasonal Factors on Response Time for Helicopter Emergency Services in Central Norway","author":"Skaue","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amj.2026.04.006_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2005.07.010","article-title":"How safe are HEMS-programmes in Germany? A retrospective analysis","volume":"68","author":"Thies","year":"2006","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amj.2026.04.006_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1287\/trsc.17.1.48","article-title":"A maximum expected covering location model: formulation, properties and heuristic solution","volume":"17","author":"Daskin","year":"1983","journal-title":"Transp Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amj.2026.04.006_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1287\/trsc.23.3.192","article-title":"The maximum availability location problem","volume":"23","author":"ReVelle","year":"1989","journal-title":"Transp Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amj.2026.04.006_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281706","article-title":"Utopia for Norwegian helicopter emergency medical services: estimating the number of bases needed to radically bring down response times, and lives needed to be saved for cost effectiveness","volume":"18","author":"Jagtenberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amj.2026.04.006_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s12873-017-0142-5","article-title":"Locating Helicopter Emergency Medical Service bases to optimise population coverage versus average response time","volume":"17","author":"Garner","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amj.2026.04.006_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-025-01324-3","article-title":"The impact of concurrency conflicts on optimal location of air ambulance bases in Norway","volume":"33","author":"R\u00f8islien","year":"2025","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amj.2026.04.006_bib0022","unstructured":"Schyberg H, Yang X, K\u00f8ltzow M, et al. Arctic regional reanalysis on single levels from 1991 to present. Climate Data Store (CDS), Copernicus Climate Change Service. Available at: https:\/\/cds.climate.copernicus.eu\/datasets\/reanalysis-carra-single-levels?tab=overview. Accessed July 1, 2024."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amj.2026.04.006_bib0023","article-title":"L\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4rihelikopteritoiminnan vaikuttavuus ja kustannustehokkuuden kehitt\u00e4minen [Effectiveness of medical helicopter operation and development of cost efficiency]","volume":"62","author":"Nurmi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Valtioneuvoston Selvitys - Ja Tutkimustoiminnan Julkaisusarjassa [State Council Statement and Research Publication Series]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amj.2026.04.006_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-024-01231-z","article-title":"A scenario based approach to optimizing cost-effectiveness of physician-staffed helicopter Emergency Medical Services compared to ground-based Emergency Medical Services in Finland","volume":"32","author":"Ackermann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amj.2026.04.006_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3905\/joi.2002.319510","article-title":"The legacy of modern portfolio theory","volume":"11","author":"Fabozzi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amj.2026.04.006_bib0026","unstructured":"J\u00f3nsson T. Why does the weather vary so much across regions in a country as small as Iceland. The Icelandic Web of Science. Available at: https:\/\/visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=5839. Accessed November 25, 2024."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amj.2026.04.006_bib0027","first-page":"673","article-title":"Climate of Iceland","volume":"15","author":"Einarsson","year":"1984","journal-title":"World Surv Climatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amj.2026.04.006_bib0028","unstructured":"Ney\u00f0arl\u00ednan. The Emergency Line. Available at: https:\/\/www.112.is\/en. Accessed March 18, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amj.2026.04.006_bib0029","unstructured":"Belgingur. Weather on Demand. Available at: https:\/\/belgingur.eu. Accessed July 1, 2024."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amj.2026.04.006_bib0030","unstructured":"SunriseSunset.io. Sunset and Sunrise Times API. Available at: https:\/\/sunrisesunset.io\/api. Accessed November 1, 2024."}],"container-title":["Air Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1067991X26001628?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1067991X26001628?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T12:22:16Z","timestamp":1786969336000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1067991X26001628"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1067991X26001628"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amj.2026.04.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1067-991X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1067-991X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Benefit of Adding a Second Helicopter Base in Iceland: The Impact of Weather","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Air Medical Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amj.2026.04.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Air Medical Journal Associates.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}