{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T15:16:40Z","timestamp":1751469400446},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,1]],"date-time":"2007-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1185926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,26]],"date-time":"2007-05-26T07:11:02Z","timestamp":1180163462000},"page":"S38-S44","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Angiotensin Receptor Blockers versus Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors: Where Do We Stand Now?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"B\u00f6hm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(91)90694-D","article-title":"Resolved and unresolved issues in the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease: a workshop consensus statement","volume":"121","author":"Dzau","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"suppl H","key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H3","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/6.suppl_h.h3","article-title":"The role of the AT1 receptor in the cardiovascular continuum","volume":"6","author":"Wassmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32S","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(98)00209-5","article-title":"Endothelial function in health and disease: new insights into the genesis of cardiovascular disease","volume":"105","author":"Quyyumi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.104.2.191","article-title":"Prognostic significance of endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive patients","volume":"104","author":"Perticone","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0302.102618","article-title":"The AT1-type angiotensin receptor in oxidative stress and atherogenesis","volume":"105","author":"Nickenig","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3317\/jraas.2004.006","article-title":"Effects of ACE inhibition and AT1-receptor blockade on haemodynamic responses to l-arginine in Type 1 diabetes","volume":"5","author":"Komers","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Renin Angiotensin Alosterone Syst"},{"issue":"suppl 6","key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200307006-00007","article-title":"The telmisartan Programme of Research tO show Telmisartan End-organ proteCTION (PROTECTION) programme","volume":"21","author":"Weber","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S31","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000220101.57896.cd","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction: how can one intervene at the beginning of the cardiovascular continuum?","volume":"24","author":"Schmieder","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-1551","article-title":"Impact of telmisartan versus ramipril on renal endothelial function in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes","volume":"30","author":"Schmieder","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000021122.63813.32","article-title":"Prevention of accelerated atherosclerosis by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in diabetic apolipoprotein E\u2013deficient mice","volume":"106","author":"Candido","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.13.1586","article-title":"Inhibition of early atherogenesis by losartan in monkeys with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia","volume":"101","author":"Strawn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.15.2027","article-title":"Increased NADH-oxidase-mediated superoxide production in the early stages of atherosclerosis: evidence for involvement of the renin-angiotensin system","volume":"99","author":"Warnholtz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200001203420301","article-title":"Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients","volume":"342","author":"Yusuf","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14286-9","article-title":"Efficacy of perindopril in reduction of cardiovascular events among patients with stable coronary artery disease: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial (the EUROPA study)","volume":"362","author":"Fox","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa042739","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition in stable coronary artery disease","volume":"351","author":"Braunwald","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7339.699","article-title":"Use of ramipril in preventing stroke: double blind randomised trial","volume":"324","author":"Bosch","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(01)01461-8","article-title":"The QUinapril Ischemic Event Trial (QUIET): evaluation of chronic ACE inhibitor therapy in patients with ischemic heart disease and preserved left ventricular function","volume":"87","author":"Pitt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-006-0334-6","article-title":"ACE inhibition in secondary prevention","volume":"95","author":"Friedrich","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2756","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.11.2756","article-title":"Increased accumulation of tissue ACE in human atherosclerotic coronary artery disease","volume":"94","author":"Diet","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.5.630","article-title":"Increased angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in coronary artery specimens from patients with acute coronary syndrome","volume":"103","author":"Hoshida","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.12.1372","article-title":"Expression of angiotensin II and interleukin 6 in human coronary atherosclerotic plaques: potential implications for inflammation and plaque instability","volume":"101","author":"Schieffer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib22","first-page":"253","article-title":"Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE and MICRO-HOPE substudy published correction appears in Lancet 2000;356:860","volume":"355","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7160.713","article-title":"Efficacy of atenolol and captopril in reducing risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 39","volume":"317","year":"1998","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)05012-0","article-title":"Effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition compared with conventional therapy on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension: the Captopril Prevention Project (CAPPP) randomised trial","volume":"353","author":"Hansson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa042167","article-title":"Preventing microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes","volume":"351","author":"Ruggenenti","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011489","article-title":"The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"345","author":"Parving","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011303","article-title":"Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes","volume":"345","author":"Lewis","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011161","article-title":"Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy","volume":"345","author":"Brenner","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000024416.33113.0A","article-title":"Microalbuminuria reduction with valsartan in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a blood pressure-independent effect","volume":"106","author":"Viberti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa042274","article-title":"Angiotensin-receptor blockade versus converting-enzyme inhibition in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy published correction appears in N Engl J Med 2005;352:1731","volume":"351","author":"Barnett","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08089-3","article-title":"Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol","volume":"359","author":"Dahl\u00f6f","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.09.055","article-title":"The effect of valsartan, captopril, or both on atherosclerotic events after acute myocardial infarction: an analysis of the Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (VALIANT)","volume":"47","author":"McMurray","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1996.0232","article-title":"Programmed myocyte cell death affects the viable myocardium after infarction in rats","volume":"226","author":"Cheng","year":"1996","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119730","article-title":"Overexpression of insulin-like growth factor-1 in mice protects from myocyte death after infarction, attenuating ventricular dilation, wall stress, and cardiac hypertrophy","volume":"100","author":"Li","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90541-W","article-title":"Autocrine release of angiotensin II mediates stretch-induced hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes in vitro","volume":"75","author":"Sadoshima","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.77.2.258","article-title":"Angiotensin II partly mediates mechanical stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy","volume":"77","author":"Yamazaki","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.76.1.1","article-title":"Angiotensin II and other hypertrophic stimuli mediated by G protein-coupled receptors activate tyrosine kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and 90-kD S6 kinase in cardiac myocytes: the critical role of Ca2+-dependent signaling","volume":"76","author":"Sadoshima","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.85.2.137","article-title":"Mechanical stretch and angiotensin II differentially upregulate the renin-angiotensin system in cardiac myocytes in vitro","volume":"85","author":"Malhotra","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI316","article-title":"Stretch-mediated release of angiotensin II induces myocyte apoptosis by activating p53 that enhances the local renin-angiotensin system and decreases the Bcl-2-to-Bax protein ratio in the cell","volume":"101","author":"Leri","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.10.073","article-title":"Effects of ramipril on left ventricular mass and function in cardiovascular patients with controlled blood pressure and with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction: a substudy of the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) Trial","volume":"43","author":"Lonn","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032292","article-title":"Valsartan, captopril, or both in myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both","volume":"349","author":"Pfeffer","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(02)00243-2","article-title":"Enalapril effects on atrial remodeling and atrial fibrillation in experimental congestive heart failure","volume":"54","author":"Shi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(01)00377-7","article-title":"Remodeling of atrial dimensions and emptying function in canine models of atrial fibrillation","volume":"52","author":"Shi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2608","DOI":"10.1161\/hc4601.099402","article-title":"Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on the development of the atrial fibrillation substrate in dogs with ventricular tachypacing-induced congestive heart failure","volume":"104","author":"Li","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.11.070","article-title":"Prevention of atrial fibrillation with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: a meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Healey","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198706043162301","article-title":"Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure: results of the Cooperative Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS)","volume":"316","year":"1987","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199108013250501","article-title":"Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure","volume":"325","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199209033271001","article-title":"Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction: results of the Survival And Ventricular Enlargement trial","volume":"327","author":"Pfeffer","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib49","first-page":"821","article-title":"Effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure","volume":"342","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199512213332503","article-title":"A clinical trial of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor trandolapril in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction","volume":"333","author":"K\u00f8ber","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02213-3","article-title":"Effect of losartan compared with captopril on mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure: randomised trial\u2014the Losartan Heart Failure Survival Study ELITE II","volume":"355","author":"Pitt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14284-5","article-title":"Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function intolerant to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Alternative trial","volume":"362","author":"Granger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1161\/hy0202.103417","article-title":"Perindopril alters vascular angiotensin-converting enzyme, AT1 receptor, and nitric oxide synthase expression in patients with coronary heart disease","volume":"39","author":"Zhuo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2004.03.020","volume":"148","author":"Teo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S50","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-005-0181-3","article-title":"The ONTARGET\/TRANSCEND Trial Programme: baseline data","volume":"42","author":"Sleight","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002914907009769?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002914907009769?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,6]],"date-time":"2019-01-06T22:51:04Z","timestamp":1546815064000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002914907009769"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002914907009769"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9149"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9149","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]}}}