{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T11:13:45Z","timestamp":1791112425294,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]],"date-time":"2007-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1196467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,29]],"date-time":"2007-11-29T18:09:20Z","timestamp":1196359760000},"page":"S53-S61","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"special_numbering":"S1","title":["Nicotinic Acid (Niacin) Receptor Agonists: Will They Be Useful Therapeutic Agents?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Vaijinath S.","family":"Kamanna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moti L.","family":"Kashyap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(55)90070-9","article-title":"Influence of nicotinic acid on serum cholesterol in man","volume":"54","author":"Altschul","year":"1955","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1097\/00041433-200412000-00006","article-title":"Niacin therapy in atherosclerosis","volume":"15","author":"Meyers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2005.01528.x","article-title":"Nicotinic acid: the broad-spectrum lipid drug","volume":"258","author":"Carlson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.2217\/17460875.1.5.549","article-title":"Effect of niacin on lipoproteins and atherosclerosis","volume":"1","author":"Ganji","year":"2006","journal-title":"Future Lipidol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(03)00394-1","article-title":"Effects of extended-release niacin on lipoprotein subclass distribution","volume":"91","author":"Morgan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.15.1959","article-title":"Evidence for a new pathophysiological mechanism for coronary artery disease regression: hepatic lipase-mediated changes in LDL density","volume":"99","author":"Zambon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1E322","article-title":"Effect of lipid lowering drug therapy on small-dense low-density lipoprotein","volume":"39","author":"Backes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(01)01639-3","article-title":"Effect of niacin and atorvastatin on lipoprotein subclasses in patients with atherogenic dyslipidemia","volume":"88","author":"McKenney","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00209.x","article-title":"Effect of nicotinic acid on serum cholesterol concentrations of high density lipoprotein subfractions HDL2 and HDL3 in hyperlipoproteinaemia","volume":"228","author":"Wahlberg","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1185\/030079905X43677","article-title":"Nicotinic acid in the management of dyslipidemia associated with diabetes and metabolic syndrome: a position paper developed by a European Consensus Panel","volume":"21","author":"Shepherd","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1161\/hq1001.096624","article-title":"Niacin but not gemfibrozil, selectively increases LP-AI, a cardioprotective subfraction of HDL, in patients with low HDL cholesterol","volume":"21","author":"Sakai","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011090","article-title":"Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease","volume":"345","author":"Brown","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3512","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000148955.19792.8D","article-title":"Arterial biology for the investigation of the treatment effects of reducing cholesterol (ARBITER) 2","volume":"110","author":"Taylor","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.7.697","article-title":"New perspectives on the use of niacin in the treatment of lipid disorders","volume":"164","author":"McKenney","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.5414\/CPP44633","article-title":"Improved control of niacin-induced flushing using an optimized once-daily, extended-release niacin formulation","volume":"44","author":"Cefali","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.59.2.349","article-title":"Characterization of a G protein-coupled receptor for nicotinic acid","volume":"59","author":"Lorenzen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(80)80715-0","article-title":"Nicotinic acid inhibits adipocyte cyclase in a hormone-like manner","volume":"115","author":"Aktories","year":"1980","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1038\/nm824","article-title":"PUMA-G and HM74 are receptors for nicotinic acid and mediate its anti-lipolytic effect","volume":"9","author":"Tunaru","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9869","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M210695200","article-title":"Molecular identification of high and low affinity receptors for nicotinic acid","volume":"278","author":"Wise","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(03)00342-5","article-title":"Molecular identification of nicotinic acid receptor","volume":"303","author":"Soga","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.20121","article-title":"Variations in human HM74 (GPR109B) and HM74A (GPR109A) niacin receptors","volume":"25","author":"Zellner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6989(81)80017-3","article-title":"Pharmacological profile of a new antilipolytic agent: 5-methyl-pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid 4-oxide (acipimox) 1(II)","volume":"13","author":"Lovisolo","year":"1981","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(88)90105-0","article-title":"Plasma lipid lowering activity of acipimox in patients with type II and type IV hyperlipoproteinemia: results of a multicenter trial","volume":"70","author":"Crepaldi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(82)90228-3","article-title":"Evaluation of the lipid-lowering activity of AY-25712 in rats","volume":"45","author":"Cayen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1985.177","article-title":"Controlled trial of acifran in type II hyperlipoproteinemia","volume":"38","author":"Hunninghake","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.105.015750","article-title":"Characterization of determinants of ligand binding to the nicotinic acid receptor GPR109A (HM74A\/PUMA-G)","volume":"68","author":"Tunaru","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1097\/00041433-199510000-00006","article-title":"Synthesis and secretion of apolipoprotein B from cultured liver cells","volume":"6","author":"Ginsberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-1981(99)00083-9","article-title":"Cell and molecular biology of the assembly and secretion of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins by the liver","volume":"1440","author":"Davis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)34737-4","article-title":"Influence of nicotinic acid on metabolism of cholesterol and triglycerides in man","volume":"22","author":"Grundy","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.19.4.1051","article-title":"Niacin accelerates intracellular apo B degradation by inhibiting triacylglycerol synthesis in human hepatoblastoma (Hep G2) cells","volume":"19","author":"Jin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M300403-JLR200","article-title":"Niacin non-competitively inhibits DGAT2 but not DGAT1 activity in HepG2 cells","volume":"45","author":"Ganji","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1962.tb07203.x","article-title":"The effect of nicotinic acid on the plasma free fatty acids","volume":"172","author":"Carlson","year":"1962","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1963.tb17457.x","article-title":"Studies on the effect of nicotinic acid on catecholamine stimulated lipolysis in adipose tissue in vitro","volume":"173","author":"Carlson","year":"1963","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib34","series-title":"Clinician\u2019s Manual on Diabetic Dyslipidemia","author":"Carlson","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108833","article-title":"High density lipoprotein metabolism in man","volume":"60","author":"Blum","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109385","article-title":"Effect of nicotinic acid therapy on plasma high density lipoprotein subfraction distribution and composition and on apolipoprotein A metabolism","volume":"63","author":"Shepherd","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.17.10.2020","article-title":"Niacin decreases removal of high density lipoprotein apolipoprotein A-I but not cholesterol ester by Hep G2 cells: implications for reverse cholesterol transport","volume":"17","author":"Jin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5248.518","article-title":"Identification of scavenger receptor SR-BI as a high density lipoprotein receptor","volume":"271","author":"Acton","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01250","article-title":"Ectopic \u03b2-chain of ATP synthase is an apolipoprotein A-I receptor in hepatic HDL endocytosis","volume":"421","author":"Martinez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib40","first-page":"E-53","article-title":"Niacin inhibits \u03b2 chain ATP synthase cell surface expression in HepG2 cells: mechanistic implications for raising HDL [abstract]","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00649.x","article-title":"A biomarker for the assessment of niacin nutriture as a potential preventive factor in carcinogenesis","volume":"233","author":"Jacobson","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1999.0154","article-title":"The NAD+ precursors, nicotinic acid and nicotinamide upregulate glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA in Jurkat cells","volume":"255","author":"Yan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib43","first-page":"E-125","article-title":"Niacin inhibits LDL oxidation and redox-sensitive VCAM-1 and MCP-1 expression in human aortic endothelial cells","volume":"24","author":"Ganji","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(03)00030-1","article-title":"Nicotinic acid-induced insulin resistance is related to increased circulating fatty acids and fat oxidation but not muscle lipid content","volume":"52","author":"Poynten","year":"2003","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20783","article-title":"Antisense oligonucleotide reduction of DGAT2 expression improves hepatic steatosis and hyperlipidemia in obese mice","volume":"42","author":"Yu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-6980(89)90088-9","article-title":"Release of markedly increased quantities of prostaglandin D2 in vivo in humans following the administration of nicotinic acid","volume":"38","author":"Morrow","year":"1989","journal-title":"Prostaglandins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.106.030833","article-title":"Nicotinic acid-induced flushing is mediated by activation of epidermal Langerhans cells","volume":"70","author":"Benyo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2637","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700586","article-title":"Langerhans cells release prostaglandin D2 in response to nicotinic acid","volume":"126","author":"Maciejewski-Lenoir","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2006.07.014","article-title":"Nicotinic acid induces secretion of prostaglandin D2 in human macrophages: an in vitro model of the niacin flush","volume":"192","author":"Meyers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3634","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI23626","article-title":"GPR109A (PUMA-G\/HM74A) mediates nicotinic acid-induced flushing","volume":"115","author":"Benyo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6682","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0601574103","article-title":"Antagonism of the prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 suppresses nicotinic acid-induced vasodilation in mice and humans","volume":"103","author":"Cheng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26649","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C500213200","article-title":"(D)-\u03b2-Hydroxybutyrate inhibits adipocyte lipolysis via the nicotinic acid receptor PUMA-G","volume":"280","author":"Taggart","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1002\/med.20102","article-title":"Nicotinic acid receptor subtypes and their ligands","volume":"27","author":"Soudijn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3945","DOI":"10.1021\/jm030888c","article-title":"Pyrazole derivatives as partial agonists for the nicotinic acid receptor","volume":"46","author":"Van Herk","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.32.1568","article-title":"Studies on hypolipidemic agents","volume":"32","author":"Seki","year":"1984","journal-title":"Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib56","unstructured":"Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA. 5-substituted 2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid derivatives as agonists for the nicotinic acid receptor RUP25 for the treatment of dyslipidemia and related diseases. WO2005\/011677A1."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib57","unstructured":"Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA. Tetrazole derivatives and methods of treatment of metabolic-related disorders thereof. WO2005\/044816A1."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib58","unstructured":"Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA. 4-Oxo-4,5-dihydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid derivatives and methods of treatment of metabolic-related disorders thereof. WO2005\/051937A2."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib59","unstructured":"SmithKline Beecham Corporation, London, UK. 2-Substituted benzoic acid derivatives as HM74A receptor agonists. WO2005\/016870A1."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080_bib60","unstructured":"SmithKline Beecham Corporation, London UK. Anthranilioc acid derivatives and their use as activators of the HM74A receptor. WO2005\/016867A2."}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002914907019558?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002914907019558?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,29]],"date-time":"2021-08-29T11:11:29Z","timestamp":1630235489000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002914907019558"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002914907019558"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.080","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9149"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9149","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]}}}