{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T21:30:16Z","timestamp":1780090216711,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,1]],"date-time":"2008-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1207008000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,2]],"date-time":"2008-04-02T16:10:21Z","timestamp":1207152621000},"page":"S14-S19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Niacin Use and Cutaneous Flushing: Mechanisms and Strategies for Prevention"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"101","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00080275","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00082251","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Michael H.","family":"Davidson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.028_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(86)80293-5","article-title":"Fifteen year mortality in coronary drug project patients: long-term benefit with niacin","volume":"8","author":"Canner","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.028_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22C","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2006.11.018","article-title":"Safety considerations with niacin therapy","volume":"99","author":"Guyton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.028_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1185\/030079907X199682","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of prolonged-release nicotinic acid in statin-treated patients","volume":"23","author":"Birjmohun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.028_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2005.01528.x","article-title":"Nicotinic acid: the broad-spectrum lipid drug","volume":"258","author":"Carlson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.028_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1938.02790090004002","article-title":"The use of nicotinic acid in the treatment of pellagra","volume":"110","author":"Spies","year":"1938","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.028_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-194302000-00006","article-title":"The vasodilating effects of nicotinic acid","volume":"205","author":"Goldsmith","year":"1943","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.028_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1969104559","article-title":"The relationship between the plasma concentration of free nicotinic acid and some of its pharmacologic effects in man","volume":"10","author":"Svedmyr","year":"1969","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.028_bib8","first-page":"795","article-title":"Thermographic registration of flush","volume":"21","author":"Aberg","year":"1971","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.028_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12499963","article-title":"Identification of skin as a major site of prostaglandin D2 release following oral administration of niacin in humans","volume":"98","author":"Morrow","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.028_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6682","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0601574103","article-title":"Antagonism of the prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 suppresses nicotinic acid-induced vasodilation in mice and humans","volume":"103","author":"Cheng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.028_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1999.tb01494.x","article-title":"Nicotinic acid and pyridoxine modulate arachidonic acid metabolism in vitro and ex vivo in man","volume":"84","author":"Saareks","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.028_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.106.030833","article-title":"Nicotinic acid-induced flushing is mediated by activation of epidermal Langerhans cells","volume":"70","author":"Beny\u00f3","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.028_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0b013e3282364add","article-title":"Niacin in cardiovascular prevention: mechanisms, efficacy, and safety","volume":"18","author":"Guyton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.028_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-6980(89)90088-9","article-title":"Release of markedly increased quantities of prostaglandin D2 in vivo in humans following the administration of nicotinic acid","volume":"38","author":"Morrow","year":"1989","journal-title":"Prostaglandins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.028_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3634","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI23626","article-title":"GPR109A (PUMA-G\/HM74A) mediates nicotinic acid-induced flushing","volume":"115","author":"Beny\u00f3","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.028_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3400","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI27160","article-title":"Flushing out the role of GPR109A (HM74A) in the clinical efficacy of nicotinic acid","volume":"115","author":"Pike","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.028_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-139-12-200312160-00009","article-title":"Varying cost and free nicotinic acid content in over-the-counter niacin preparations for dyslipidemia","volume":"139","author":"Meyers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.028_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1991.104","article-title":"Tolerance to nicotinic acid flushing","volume":"50","author":"Stern","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.028_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.5414\/CPP44633","article-title":"Improved control of niacin-induced flushing using an optimized once-daily, extended-release niacin formulation","volume":"44","author":"Cefali","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.028_bib20","unstructured":"Ballantyne CM, Davidson MH, McKenney J, Keller LH, Bajorunas DR, Karas RH. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of a combination tablet of niacin extended-release and simvastatin and simvastatin monotherapy: the SEACOST I (high-dose) study. Am J Cardiol. In press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.028_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ballantyne CM, Davidson MH, McKenney J, Keller LH, Bajorunas DR, Karas RH. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of a combination tablet of niacin extended-release and simvastatin with simvastatin 80 mg monotherapy: the SEACOST II (high-dose) study. J Clin Lipidol. In press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2008.02.004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.028_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.2165\/00129784-200808020-00001","article-title":"Long-term safety and efficacy of a combination of niacin extended release and simvastatin in patients with dyslipidemia: the OCEANS study","volume":"2","author":"Karas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Cardiovasc Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.028_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.7.697","article-title":"New perspectives on the use of niacin in the treatment of lipid disorders","volume":"164","author":"McKenney","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.028_bib24","unstructured":"Abbott Laboratories. Niaspan tablets: niacin extended-release tablets. Available at: http:\/\/www.rxabbott.com\/pdf\/niaspan.pdf. Accessed November 20, 2007."},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.028_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74U","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00731-0","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of an extended-release niacin (Niaspan): a long-term study","volume":"82","author":"Capuzzi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.028_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.04.024","article-title":"Safety and compliance with once-daily niacin extended-release\/lovastatin as initial therapy in the Impact of Medical Subspecialty on Patient Compliance to Treatment (IMPACT) study","volume":"94","author":"Rubenfire","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.028_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.5414\/CPP45078","article-title":"Aspirin reduces cutaneous flushing after administration of an optimized extended-release niacin formulation","volume":"45","author":"Cefali","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.028_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1097\/00045391-199506000-00006","article-title":"Low-dose aspirin and ibuprofen reduce the cutaneous reactions following niacin administration","volume":"2","author":"Dunn","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.028_bib29","first-page":"165","article-title":"The effect of aspirin on niacin-induced cutaneous reactions","volume":"34","author":"Whelan","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Fam Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.028_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1982.63","article-title":"Aspirin blocks nicotinic acid-induced flushing","volume":"31","author":"Wilkin","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin Pharamacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.028_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.1997.07118.x","article-title":"Effect of two aspirin pretreatment regimens on niacin-induced cutaneous reactions","volume":"12","author":"Jungnickel","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.028_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1368-5031.2006.00957.x","article-title":"Clinical evidence for use of acetyl salicylic acid in control of flushing related to nicotinic acid treatment","volume":"60","author":"Oberwittler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.028_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51L","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(00)01471-5","article-title":"Evaluating niacin in its various forms","volume":"86","author":"Knopp","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000291490800252X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000291490800252X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,30]],"date-time":"2018-12-30T15:58:16Z","timestamp":1546185496000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S000291490800252X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S000291490800252X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.028","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9149"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9149","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]}}}