{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T03:08:36Z","timestamp":1790996916101,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","ajconline.org","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,4]],"date-time":"2016-12-04T02:16:01Z","timestamp":1480817761000},"page":"795-801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Electrocardiographic Changes Induced by Endurance Training and Pubertal Development in Male Children"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0947-6836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavio","family":"D'Ascenzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Solari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Anselmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Valentini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Barbati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Palmitesta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Focardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Bonifazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Mondillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.017_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198507043130106","article-title":"The athletic heart syndrome","volume":"313","author":"Huston","year":"1985","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.017_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1159\/000174893","article-title":"Electrocardiographic findings in athletic students and sedentary controls","volume":"79","author":"Bjornstad","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.017_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.89.12.1455","article-title":"Athlete's heart","volume":"89","author":"Fagard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.017_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/s00059-006-2862-2","article-title":"Sports-specific features of athlete's heart and their relation to echocardiographic parameters","volume":"31","author":"Barbier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Herz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.017_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp473","article-title":"Recommendations for interpretation of 12-lead electrocardiogram in the athlete","volume":"31","author":"Corrado","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.017_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-092067","article-title":"Electrocardiographic interpretation in athletes: the 'Seattle criteria'","volume":"47","author":"Drezner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.017_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.006179","article-title":"Comparison of electrocardiographic criteria for the detection of cardiac abnormalities in elite black and white athletes","volume":"129","author":"Sheikh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.017_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.08.231","article-title":"Atrial chamber remodelling in healthy pre-adolescent athletes engaged in endurance sports: a study with a longitudinal design. The CHILD study","volume":"223","author":"D'Ascenzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.017_bib9","first-page":"303","article-title":"A\u00a0formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known. 1916","volume":"5","author":"Du Bois","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.017_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.1981.tb06734.x","article-title":"Growth and maturation during adolescence","volume":"39","author":"Tanner","year":"1981","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.017_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.33.5.319","article-title":"Electrocardiographic changes in 1000 highly trained junior elite athletes","volume":"33","author":"Sharma","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.017_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.12.013","volume":"53","author":"Surawicz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.017_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e241","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.191096","volume":"119","author":"Rautaharju","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.017_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(49)90562-1","article-title":"The ventricular complex in left ventricular hypertrophy as obtained by unipolar precordial and limb leads","volume":"37","author":"Sokolow","year":"1949","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.017_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(49)91335-6","article-title":"The ventricular complex in right ventricular hypertrophy as obtained by unipolar precordial and limb leads","volume":"38","author":"Sokolow","year":"1949","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.017_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-092068","article-title":"Normal electrocardiographic findings: recognising physiological adaptations in athletes","volume":"47","author":"Drezner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.017_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jev014","article-title":"Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"16","author":"Lang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.017_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2010.05.010","volume":"23","author":"Rudski","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.017_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(46)90648-5","article-title":"The T-wave of the precordial electrocardiogram at different age levels","volume":"32","author":"Suarez","year":"1946","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.017_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.055673","article-title":"Prevalence of cardiomyopathy in Italian asymptomatic children with electrocardiographic T-wave inversion at preparticipation screening","volume":"125","author":"Migliore","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.017_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.79.5.800","article-title":"\u2018Athlete's heart\u2019 in prepubertal children","volume":"79","author":"Rowland","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.017_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-097X.1982.tb00048.x","article-title":"Resting ECG in athletic and non-athletic adolescent boys: correlations with heart volume and cardiorespiratory fitness","volume":"2","author":"Sundberg","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.017_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01170.2007","article-title":"Training-specific changes in cardiac structure and function: a prospective and longitudinal assessment of competitive athletes","volume":"104","author":"Baggish","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.017_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2004.04.006","article-title":"Enhanced cardiac vagal efferent activity does not explain training-induced bradycardia","volume":"112","author":"Scott","year":"2004","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.017_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.77.1.25","article-title":"Childbearing among young Latino women in the United States","volume":"77","author":"Darabi","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.017_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(85)90626-X","article-title":"Idiopathic long QT syndrome: progress and questions","volume":"109","author":"Schwartz","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.017_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.05.037","article-title":"Clinical and mechanistic issues in early repolarization of normal variants and lethal arrhythmia syndromes","volume":"56","author":"Benito","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.017_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.45.239.13","article-title":"Variations in the pattern of pubertal changes in boys","volume":"45","author":"Marshall","year":"1970","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.017_bib29","first-page":"655","article-title":"Electrocardiographic findings in athletes: the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy and conduction defects","volume":"17","author":"Langdeau","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.017_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.67.4.896","article-title":"Noninvasive assessment of seasonal variations in cardiac structure and function in cyclists","volume":"67","author":"Fagard","year":"1983","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002914916318860?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002914916318860?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,16]],"date-time":"2022-07-16T04:08:14Z","timestamp":1657944494000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002914916318860"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002914916318860"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9149"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9149","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Electrocardiographic Changes Induced by Endurance Training and Pubertal Development in Male Children","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}