{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:54:22Z","timestamp":1790470462759,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL118277"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL118277"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006668","name":"Oregon Health and Science University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajconline.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.10.050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,11]],"date-time":"2021-12-11T11:25:37Z","timestamp":1639221937000},"page":"101-108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Rate of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Use and the Number of COVID-19\u2013Confirmed Cases and Deaths"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"165","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6976-1313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larisa G.","family":"Tereshchenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maedeh","family":"Khayyat-Kholghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blake","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.10.050_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2021.306392","article-title":"Monitoring the spread of SARS-CoV-2 is an important public health task","volume":"111","author":"Tereshchenko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.10.050_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1267","article-title":"A crucial role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus-induced lung injury","volume":"11","author":"Kuba","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.10.050_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr2005760","article-title":"Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors in patients with Covid-19","volume":"382","author":"Vaduganathan","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.10.050_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3","article-title":"Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"395","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.10.050_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.05.114","article-title":"Susceptibility to SARS coronavirus S protein-driven infection correlates with expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and infection can be blocked by soluble receptor","volume":"319","author":"Hofmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.10.050_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2006923","article-title":"Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers and the risk of Covid-19","volume":"382","author":"Mancia","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.10.050_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2008975","article-title":"Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and risk of Covid-19","volume":"382","author":"Reynolds","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.10.050_bib0008","unstructured":"United States Census Bureau. Cartographic boundary files - shapefile. 2018. Available at: https:\/\/www.census.gov\/geographies\/mapping-files\/time-series\/geo\/carto-boundary-file.html. Accessed on May 5, 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.10.050_bib0009","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. The Medicare provider utilization and payment data: Part D prescriber public use file. 2017. Available at:https:\/\/data.cms.gov\/Medicare-Part-D\/Medicare-Provider-Utilization-and-Payment-Data-201\/77gb-8z53\/data. Accessed on May 18, 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.10.050_bib0010","unstructured":"Google Maps platform. Google Geocoding API. Available at:https:\/\/developers.google.com\/maps\/documentation\/geocoding\/start. Accessed on May 18, 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.10.050_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30120-1","article-title":"An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time","volume":"20","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.10.050_bib0012","unstructured":"United States Census Bureau. Population division. CO-EST2019-alldata: annual resident population estimates, estimated components of resident population change, and rates of the components of resident population change for states and counties: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2019. File: 7\/1\/2019 County Population Estimates. Release Date. Updated October 8, 2021. Available at:https:\/\/www2.census.gov\/programs-surveys\/popest\/datasets\/2010-2019\/counties\/totals\/. Group Quarters Information. Accessed on May 18, 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.10.050_bib0013","unstructured":"The United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. County-level data sets. Available at: https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/data-products\/county-level-data-sets\/. Accessed on May 18, 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.10.050_bib0014","unstructured":"County Health Rankings & Roadmaps. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the University of Wisconsin population Health Institute. County Health Rankings & Roadmaps program. Available at:https:\/\/www.countyhealthrankings.org\/explore-health-rankings\/rankings-data-documentation. Accessed on May 18, 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.10.050_bib0015","unstructured":"The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention. Data Sources. Available at:https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/dhdsp\/maps\/atlas\/data-sources.html#dataControls. Accessed on May 18. 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.10.050_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1080\/07474938.2013.741020","article-title":"On two-step estimation of a spatial autoregressive model with autoregressive disturbances and endogenous regressors","volume":"32","author":"Drukker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Econ Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.10.050_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0262.2004.00558.x","article-title":"Asymptotic distributions of quasi-maximum likelihood estimators for spatial autoregressive models","volume":"72","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.10.050_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2009.10.025","article-title":"Specification and estimation of spatial autoregressive models with autoregressive and heteroskedastic disturbances","volume":"157","author":"Kelejian","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Econom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.10.050_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1435-5957.2010.00323.x","article-title":"Estimation of higher-order spatial autoregressive cross-section models with heteroscedastic disturbances","volume":"90","author":"Badinger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pap Reg Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.10.050_bib0020","series-title":"Bayesian Disease Mapping: Hierarchical Modeling in Spatial Epidemiology","author":"Lawson","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.10.050_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2477","DOI":"10.1002\/env.2477","article-title":"Zero-inflated multiscale models for aggregated small area health data","volume":"29","author":"Aregay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environmetrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.10.050_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31030-8","article-title":"Use of renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system inhibitors and risk of COVID-19 requiring admission to hospital: a case-population study","volume":"395","author":"de Abajo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.10.050_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1924","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers are not associated with severe COVID-19 infection in a multi-site UK acute hospital trust","volume":"22","author":"Bean","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.10.050_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e98","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(20)30289-2","article-title":"Renin-angiotensin system blockers and susceptibility to COVID-19: an international, open science, cohort analysis","volume":"3","author":"Morales","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Digit Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.10.050_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.16314","article-title":"Antihypertensive drugs and COVID-19 risk: a cohort study of 2 million hypertensive patients","volume":"77","author":"Semenzato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.10.050_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.019669","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers use and COVID-19 infection among 824 650 patients with hypertension from a US Integrated Healthcare System","volume":"10","author":"An","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.10.050_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson K, Khayyat-Kholghi M, Johnson B, Tereshchenko LG. The association between the rate of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers use and the number of Covid-19 confirmed cases and deaths in the United States: geospatial study. medRxiv Preprint posted online June 20, 2020. doi:10.1101\/2020.05.31.20118802.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.05.31.20118802"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.10.050_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2019.06.011","article-title":"Environmental and individual predictors of medication adherence among elderly patients with hypertension and chronic kidney disease: a geospatial approach","volume":"16","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res Social Adm Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.10.050_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.729806","article-title":"Ecological studies and cardiovascular outcomes research","volume":"118","author":"Tu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002914921011097?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002914921011097?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T06:39:56Z","timestamp":1757572796000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002914921011097"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S0002914921011097"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.10.050","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.05.31.20118802","asserted-by":"object"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.741330370.793592455","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0002-9149"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9149","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Rate of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Use and the Number of COVID-19\u2013Confirmed Cases and Deaths","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.10.050","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}