{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T05:59:42Z","timestamp":1778047182234,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajconline.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T10:51:25Z","timestamp":1687344685000},"page":"71-77","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients Supported with Left Ventricular Assist Devices: The Journey from Bridging to Destination"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"201","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2087-0877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Salah","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Shehadah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anas","family":"Hashem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Swati","family":"Chand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Bapaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amani","family":"Khalouf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Devesh","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shajan","family":"Peter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e153","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001052","article-title":"Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics\u20142022 Update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"145","author":"Tsao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e254","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000950","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142021 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"143","author":"Virani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2841","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.035566","article-title":"Left ventricular assist devices","volume":"138","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0004","first-page":"20","article-title":"Antithrombotic therapy in ventricular assist device (VAD) management: from ancient beliefs to updated evidence. A narrative review","volume":"20","author":"Morici","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-016-4123-4","article-title":"Gastrointestinal bleeding following LVAD placement from top to bottom","volume":"61","author":"Cushing","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0006","first-page":"849","article-title":"Arteriovenous malformation and gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with the HeartMate II left ventricular assist device","volume":"30","author":"Demirozu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.05.012","article-title":"Features of patients with gastrointestinal bleeding after implantation of ventricular assist devices","volume":"13","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2014.03.040","article-title":"GI bleeding in patients with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"80","author":"Draper","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2012.02.035","article-title":"Incidence and management of gastrointestinal bleeding with continuous flow assist devices","volume":"93","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.14797\/mdcj-11-1-24","article-title":"Gastrointestinal bleeding after continuous-flow left ventricular device implantation: review of pathophysiology and management","volume":"11","author":"Guha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Methodist DeBakey Cardiovasc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000000998","article-title":"Gastrointestinal bleeding after HeartMate II or HVAD implantation: incidence, location, etiology, and effect on survival","volume":"66","author":"Kawabori","year":"2020","journal-title":"ASAIO J"},{"issue":"suppl 15","key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1785","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2018.04.148","article-title":"Clinical overview of the HVAD: a centrifugal continuous-flow ventricular assist device with magnetic and hydrodynamic bearings including lateral implantation strategies","volume":"10","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.5301\/ijao.5000441","article-title":"Low incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding and pump thrombosis in patients receiving the INCOR LVAD system in the long-term follow-up","volume":"38","author":"Iacovoni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Artif Organs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.03.010","article-title":"Hospital readmissions after continuous-flow left ventricular assist device implantation: incidence, causes, and cost analysis","volume":"100","author":"Akhter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1900486","article-title":"A fully magnetically levitated left ventricular assist device \u2014 final report","volume":"380","author":"Mehra","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezz045","article-title":"Acquired von Willebrand factor deficiency is reduced in HeartMate 3 patients\u2020","volume":"56","author":"Klaeske","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.16197","article-title":"Five-year outcomes in patients with fully magnetically levitated vs axial-flow left ventricular assist devices in the MOMENTUM 3 randomized trial","volume":"328","author":"Mehra","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2021.12.011","article-title":"Twelfth interagency registry for mechanically assisted circulatory support report: readmissions after left ventricular assist device","volume":"113","author":"Shah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0019","first-page":"e6341","article-title":"Clinical approach to manage gastrointestinal bleeding with a Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD)","volume":"11","author":"Ahsan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.019692","article-title":"Elevated angiopoietin-2 level in patients with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices leads to altered angiogenesis and is associated with higher nonsurgical bleeding","volume":"134","author":"Tabit","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.118.005267","article-title":"Novel model to predict gastrointestinal bleeding during left ventricular assist device support","volume":"11","author":"Yin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000001224","article-title":"Preoperative right heart dysfunction and gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with left ventricular assist devices","volume":"67","author":"Liebo","year":"2021","journal-title":"ASAIO J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.12471","article-title":"Incidence and risk factor analysis for gastrointestinal bleeding and pump thrombosis in left ventricular assist device recipients","volume":"39","author":"Lopilato","year":"2015","journal-title":"Artif Organs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2019.07.011","article-title":"SSRI\/SNRI therapy is associated with a higher risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in LVAD patients","volume":"29","author":"Mawardi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000000734","article-title":"Bleeding complication rates are higher in females after continuous-flow left ventricular assist device implantation","volume":"64","author":"Yavar","year":"2018","journal-title":"ASAIO J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2015.10.041","article-title":"Risk factors and outcomes of gastrointestinal bleeding in left ventricular assist device recipients","volume":"117","author":"Joy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e04695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04695","article-title":"Characterization and timing of gastrointestinal bleeding in continuous flow left ventricular assist device recipients","volume":"6","author":"Kapuria","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2550","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i20.2550","article-title":"Treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding in left ventricular assist devices: a comprehensive review","volume":"26","author":"Vedachalam","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000000303","article-title":"Early implementation of video capsule enteroscopy in patients with left ventricular assist devices and obscure gastrointestinal bleeding","volume":"62","author":"Truss","year":"2016","journal-title":"ASAIO J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3945","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i22.3945","article-title":"Bleeding with the artificial heart: gastrointestinal hemorrhage in CF-LVAD patients","volume":"23","author":"Gurvits","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-015-3538-7","article-title":"Characteristics of gastrointestinal bleeding after placement of continuous-flow left ventricular assist device: a case series","volume":"60","author":"Marsano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2013.10.039","article-title":"The role of endoscopy in the patient with lower GI bleeding","volume":"79","author":"Pasha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1256","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0677-2084","article-title":"Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Cascade Guideline","volume":"6","author":"Karstensen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endosc Int Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0034","article-title":"Primary and secondary prevention strategies for gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with left ventricular assist device: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Rai D Tariq","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Probl Cardiol"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2019.01.068","article-title":"Omega-3 suppresses gastrointestinal bleeding by reducing angiopoietin-2 expression in LVAD patients","volume":"38","author":"Imamura","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.01.051","article-title":"Effect of angiotensin II inhibitors on gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with left ventricular assist devices","volume":"73","author":"Converse","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2017.01.021","article-title":"Pharmacology of octreotide: clinical implications for anesthesiologists and associated risks","volume":"35","author":"Borna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.04.066","article-title":"Biphasic effect of danazol on human vascular endothelial cell permeability and f-actin cytoskeleton dynamics","volume":"421","author":"Thomas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.07.018","article-title":"Efficacy of thalidomide for refractory gastrointestinal bleeding from vascular malformation","volume":"141","author":"Ge","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4082","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.9.4082","article-title":"Thalidomide is an inhibitor of angiogenesis","volume":"91","author":"D'Amato","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000000433","article-title":"Inhaled desmopressin for refractory gastrointestinal bleeding in a patient with a HeartMate II left ventricular assist device","volume":"63","author":"Hollis","year":"2017","journal-title":"ASAIO J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2019.01.320","article-title":"Promising novel treatment with intravenous bevacizumab for refractory gastrointestinal bleeding from angiodysplastic lesions in patients supported with a continuous-flow left ventricular assist device: a pilot study","volume":"38","author":"Asleh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-4849","article-title":"Antiplatelet and anticoagulation strategies for left ventricular assist devices","volume":"9","author":"Loyaga-Rendon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1080\/14779072.2020.1773803","article-title":"Anticoagulant treatment and bleeding complications in patients with left ventricular assist devices","volume":"18","author":"den Exter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.311759","article-title":"Stopping LVAD bleeding: a piece of the puzzle","volume":"121","author":"Birks","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Res"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002914923003557?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002914923003557?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T06:47:14Z","timestamp":1757573234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002914923003557"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S0002914923003557"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9149"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9149","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients Supported with Left Ventricular Assist Devices: The Journey from Bridging to Destination","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.05.059","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}