{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T03:29:39Z","timestamp":1792207779950,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,18]],"date-time":"2027-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1800230400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":351,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006686","name":"University of Miami","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01-HC65234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-HC65234"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006686","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007059","name":"Northwestern University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01-HC65236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-HC65236"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007059","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart Lung and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL104199"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL104199"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006808","name":"University of North Carolina","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01-HC65233"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-HC65233"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006808","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007319","name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01-HC65235"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-HC65235"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007099","name":"San Diego State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL104199"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL104199"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007099","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007099","name":"San Diego State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01-HC65237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-HC65237"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007099","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajconline.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T15:44:48Z","timestamp":1767109488000},"page":"41-49","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Global Longitudinal Strain Reference Values in the Hispanic\/Latino Population: Echocardiographic Study of Latinos (ECHO-SOL)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"261","author":[{"given":"Pavitra","family":"Kotini-Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4920-2941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priscilla","family":"Duran-Luciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayank","family":"Kansal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farrah","family":"Nasrollahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Un Jung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yawen","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Octavia","family":"Rangel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia G.","family":"Ponce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjiv J.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianwen","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin S.","family":"Bilsker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry E.","family":"Hurwitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos J.","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0001","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau. 2017 National Population Projections Datasets. Census.gov. Updated December 27, 2024. https:\/\/www.census.gov\/data\/datasets\/2017\/demo\/popproj\/2017-popproj.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000071","article-title":"Status of cardiovascular disease and stroke in Hispanics\/Latinos in the United States","volume":"130","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.14517","article-title":"Prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular diseases among Hispanic\/Latino individuals of diverse backgrounds in the United States","volume":"308","author":"Daviglus","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1093\/ejechocard\/jer021","article-title":"Current and evolving echocardiographic techniques for the quantitative evaluation of cardiac mechanics: ASE\/EAE consensus statement on methodology and indications endorsed by the Japanese Society of Echocardiography","volume":"12","author":"Mor-Avi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12947-019-0168-9","article-title":"Global longitudinal strain is a more reproducible measure of left ventricular function than ejection fraction regardless of echocardiographic training","volume":"17","author":"Karlsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0006","first-page":"237","article-title":"Speckle tracking echocardiography identifies impaired longitudinal strain as a common deficit in various cardiac diseases","volume":"3","author":"Jeffrey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Innov Appl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.02.064","article-title":"Global longitudinal strain to predict mortality in patients with acute heart failure","volume":"71","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.04.061","article-title":"Global 2-dimensional strain as a new prognosticator in patients with heart failure","volume":"54","author":"Cho","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.109.862334","article-title":"Prediction of all-cause mortality from global longitudinal speckle strain: comparison with ejection fraction and wall motion scoring","volume":"2","author":"Stanton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2010.07.019","article-title":"Global longitudinal strain as a major predictor of cardiac events in patients with depressed left ventricular function: a multicenter study","volume":"23","author":"Mignot","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.02.061","article-title":"Prediction of all-cause mortality and heart failure admissions from global left ventricular longitudinal strain in patients with acute myocardial infarction and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction","volume":"61","author":"Ersb\u00f8ll","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2015.12.28521","article-title":"Strain echocardiography in acute cardiovascular diseases","volume":"17","author":"Favot","year":"2016","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2014.01.019","article-title":"Early assessment of strain echocardiography can accurately exclude significant coronary artery stenosis in suspected non\u2013ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Dahlslett","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2016.08.019","article-title":"Point-of-care strain echocardiography in acute heart failure","volume":"34","author":"Favot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.018403","article-title":"Cardiovascular toxicity related to cancer treatment: a pragmatic approach to the American and European cardio-oncology guidelines","volume":"9","author":"Alexandre","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.14222","article-title":"Echocardiographic strain in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy","volume":"36","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, NY)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s13089-018-0110-7","article-title":"Strain analysis for the identification of hypertensive cardiac end-organ damage in the emergency department","volume":"10","author":"Kotini-Shah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Ultrasound J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005521","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.116.005521","article-title":"Global longitudinal strain by echocardiography predicts long-term risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a low-risk general population: the Copenhagen City Heart Study","volume":"10","author":"Biering-Sorensen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2015.09.027","article-title":"Prognostic implications of LV strain risk score in asymptomatic patients with hypertensive heart disease","volume":"9","author":"Saito","year":"2016","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001632","article-title":"Hypertensive heart disease beyond left ventricular hypertrophy: are we ready for echocardiographic strain evaluation in everyday clinical practice?","volume":"36","author":"Tadic","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.03.015","article-title":"Design and implementation of the Hispanic Community Health Study\/Study of Latinos","volume":"20","author":"Sorlie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.05.006","article-title":"Sample design and cohort selection in the Hispanic Community Health Study\/Study of Latinos","volume":"20","author":"LaVange","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0023","first-page":"180","article-title":"Rationale and design of the echocardiographic study of Hispanics\/Latinos (ECHO-SOL)","volume":"25","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.115.002733","article-title":"Burden of systolic and diastolic left ventricular dysfunction among Hispanics in the United States: insights from the echocardiographic study of Latinos","volume":"9","author":"Mehta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2012.10.008","article-title":"Normal ranges of left ventricular strain: a meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Yingchoncharoen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0026","article-title":"Comparison of echocardiographic measures in a Hispanic\/Latino population with the 2005 and 2015 American Society of Echocardiography Reference Limits (The Echocardiographic Study of Latinos)","volume":"9","author":"Qureshi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jev014","article-title":"Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"16","author":"Lang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J\u2014Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2019.07.020","article-title":"Normal global longitudinal strain: an individual patient meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"D\u2019Elia","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeab032","article-title":"Age- and sex-based normal values of layer-specific longitudinal and circumferential strain by speckle tracking echocardiography: the Copenhagen City Heart Study","volume":"23","author":"Skaarup","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e96","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001354","article-title":"Speckle-tracking strain echocardiography for the assessment of left ventricular structure and function: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"152","author":"Mihos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0031","first-page":"1516","article-title":"Echocardiographic reference ranges of global longitudinal strain for all cardiac chambers using guideline-directed dedicated views","volume":"16","author":"Nyberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC: Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2019.07.012","article-title":"Normal ranges of left ventricular strain by three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Truong","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2025.07.007","article-title":"Clinical applications of strain echocardiography: a clinical consensus statement from the American Society of Echocardiography Developed in Collaboration with the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging of the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"38","author":"Thomas","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2019.08.012","article-title":"Similarities and differences in left ventricular size and function among races and nationalities: results of the world alliance societies of echocardiography normal values study","volume":"32","author":"Asch","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn280","article-title":"Left ventricular strain and strain rate in a general population","volume":"29","author":"Kuznetsova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0036","first-page":"176","article-title":"Segmental and global longitudinal strain and strain rate based on echocardiography of 1266 healthy individuals: the HUNT study in Norway","volume":"11","author":"Dalen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-7120-7-8","article-title":"A new 2D-based method for myocardial velocity strain and strain rate quantification in a normal adult and paediatric population: assessment of reference values","volume":"7","author":"Bussadori","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-8932(10)70252-9","article-title":"Left ventricular deformation and two-dimensional echocardiography: temporal and other parameter values in normal subjects","volume":"63","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Bail\u00f3n","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Esp Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2017.03.010","article-title":"Reference ranges and regional patterns of left ventricular strain and strain rate using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in a healthy middle-aged black and white population: the CARDIA study","volume":"30","author":"Moreira","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4137\/CMC.S38407","article-title":"Subclinical LV dysfunction detection using speckle tracking echocardiography in hypertensive patients with preserved LV ejection fraction","volume":"10","author":"Ayoub","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Med Insights Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0041","first-page":"211","article-title":"Assessment of left ventricular function by layer-specific strain and its relationship to structural remodelling in patients with hypertension","volume":"32","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jex140","article-title":"Echocardiographic reference ranges for normal left ventricular 2D strain: results from the EACVI NORRE study","volume":"18","author":"Sugimoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J\u2014Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.114.001264","article-title":"Race-ethnic and sex differences in left ventricular structure and function: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study","volume":"4","author":"Kishi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2015.02.011","article-title":"Race-ethnic differences in subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction by global longitudinal strain: a community-based cohort study","volume":"169","author":"Russo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.154","article-title":"Prevalence and prognostic value of subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction by global longitudinal strain in a community-based cohort","volume":"16","author":"Russo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2017.11.017","article-title":"Assessment of left ventricular function by echocardiography: the case for routinely adding global longitudinal strain to ejection fraction","volume":"11","author":"Potter","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2014.11.018","article-title":"Global longitudinal strain and global circumferential strain by speckle-tracking echocardiography and feature-tracking cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: comparison with left ventricular ejection fraction","volume":"28","author":"Onishi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-019-01741-3","article-title":"Global myocardial longitudinal strain in a general population\u2014associations with blood pressure and subclinical heart failure: the Troms\u00f8 Study","volume":"36","author":"Stylidis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e003536","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.116.003536","article-title":"Cardiometabolic traits and systolic mechanics in the community","volume":"10","author":"Ho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-020-01906-5","article-title":"The impact of cardiovascular risk factors on global longitudinal strain over a decade in the general population: the Copenhagen City Heart Study","volume":"36","author":"Skaarup","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1007\/s12574-022-00576-7","article-title":"Association between cardiovascular risk factors and left ventricular strain distribution in patients without previous cardiovascular disease","volume":"20","author":"Takahashi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac544.057","article-title":"How do cardiovascular risk factors and cardiac remodeling type affect left ventricular global longitudinal strain and right ventricular free wall strain in patients with obesity","volume":"43","author":"Mogollon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0053","first-page":"e263","article-title":"2022 AHA\/ACC\/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"145","author":"Heidenreich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4229","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac244","article-title":"2022 ESC guidelines on cardio-oncology developed in collaboration with the European Hematology Association (EHA), the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ESTRO) and the International Cardio-Oncology Society (IC-OS)","volume":"43","author":"Lyon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2021.01.022","article-title":"Universal definition and classification of heart failure","volume":"27","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023361","article-title":"Heart failure stages among older adults in the community: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study","volume":"135","author":"Shah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001390","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-001390","article-title":"Two-dimensional strain profiles in patients with physiological and pathological hypertrophy and preserved left ventricular systolic function: a comparative analyses","volume":"2","author":"Afonso","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1373\/jalm.2018.026492","article-title":"Comparing ethnicity-specific reference intervals for clinical laboratory tests from EHR data","volume":"3","author":"Rappoport","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Appl Lab Med"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002914925007519?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002914925007519?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T02:04:14Z","timestamp":1773972254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002914925007519"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["S0002914925007519"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9149"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9149","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Global Longitudinal Strain Reference Values in the Hispanic\/Latino Population: Echocardiographic Study of Latinos (ECHO-SOL)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}