{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T22:43:41Z","timestamp":1782513821368,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,1]],"date-time":"2004-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1096588800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,1]],"date-time":"2004-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1096588800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["amjmed.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,30]],"date-time":"2004-09-30T11:17:26Z","timestamp":1096543046000},"page":"469-478","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Blunted circadian variation in autonomic regulation of sinus node function in veterans with Gulf War syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Haley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanpen","family":"Vongpatanasin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gil I.","family":"Wolfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilson W.","family":"Bryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roseanne","family":"Armitage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert F.","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick","family":"Petty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy S.","family":"Callahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Charuvastra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William E.","family":"Shell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Wesley Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald G.","family":"Victor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib1","unstructured":"Steele L. Summary of epidemiologic evidence. In: Research Advisory Committee on Gulf War Veterans' Illness: Interim Report. Appendix A. Washington, D.C.: Department of Veterans Affairs; June 24, 2002. Available at: http:\/\/www1.va.gov\/rac-gwvi\/docs\/Interimreport_June2002.pdf. Accessed July 1, 2004."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/162.3.149","article-title":"A comprehensive clinical evaluation of 20,000 Persian Gulf War veterans: Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation Program evaluation team","volume":"162","author":"Joseph","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib3","unstructured":"Veterans Benefits Administration, Office of Performance Analysis and Integrity Data and Information Services. Gulf War Veterans Information System: May 2004. Department of Veterans Affairs. June 22, 2004."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540270041025","article-title":"Is there a Gulf War syndrome? Searching for syndromes by factor analysis of symptoms","volume":"277","author":"Haley","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540270049026","article-title":"Evaluation of neurologic function in Gulf War veterans: a blinded case-control study","volume":"277","author":"Haley","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540270064028","article-title":"Self-reported illness and health status among Gulf War veterans: a population-based study","volume":"277","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib7","unstructured":"Milner BI, Kozol R, Khuri S, Hur Q, Fligiel WEG. Gallbladder disease in Gulf War veterans. Presented at: Conference of Federally Sponsored Gulf War Veterans' Illnesses Research; June 17-19, 1998; Washington, D.C."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2000.105783","article-title":"Vestibular dysfunction in Gulf War syndrome","volume":"122","author":"Roland","year":"2000","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tucker, J. B. Evidence Iraq used chemical weapons during the 1991 Persian Gulf War. Nonproliferation Review. 1997;Spring-Summer:114-122. Available at: http:\/\/cns.miis.edu\/pubs\/npr\/tucker97.html. Accessed December 29, 2003.","DOI":"10.1080\/10736709708436686"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib10","unstructured":"General Accounting Office. Gulf War illnesses: preliminary assessment of DOD plume modeling for U.S. troops' exposure to chemical agents (GAO-03-833T). 2003. Available at: http:\/\/www.gao.gov. Accessed December 29, 2003."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540270057027","article-title":"Self-reported exposure to neurotoxic chemical combinations in the Gulf War: a cross-sectional epidemiologic study","volume":"277","author":"Haley","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/27.6.1000","article-title":"Health status of Persian Gulf War veterans: self-reported symptoms, environmental exposures and the effect of stress","volume":"27","author":"Proctor","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-200005000-00002","article-title":"Deployment stressors and a chronic multisymptom illness among Gulf War veterans","volume":"188","author":"Nisenbaum","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.1070","article-title":"Neuropsychological function in Gulf War veterans: relationships to self-reported toxicant exposures","volume":"40","author":"White","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-200203000-00015","article-title":"Risk factors for multisymptom illness in US Army veterans of the Gulf War","volume":"44","author":"Wolfe","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1080\/00039890209602918","article-title":"Evidence for a deployment-related Gulf War syndrome by factor analysis","volume":"57","author":"Kang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8703","article-title":"Association of low PON1 type Q (type A) arylesterase activity with neurologic symptom complexes in Gulf War veterans","volume":"157","author":"Haley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2000.3526","article-title":"Low paraoxonase in Persian Gulf War veterans self-reporting Gulf War syndrome","volume":"276","author":"Mackness","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.215.3.r00jn48807","article-title":"Brain abnormalities in Gulf War syndrome: evaluation by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"215","author":"Haley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.57.9.1280","article-title":"Effect of basal ganglia injury on central dopamine activity in Gulf War syndrome: correlation of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and plasma homovanillic acid","volume":"57","author":"Haley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib21","first-page":"994","article-title":"Metabolic abnormalities in the brain of subjects with Gulf War illness","volume":"9","author":"Meyerhoff","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Intl Soc Mag Reson Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9495","article-title":"Response of rats to low levels of sarin","volume":"184","author":"Henderson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9497","article-title":"Subclinical doses of the nerve gas sarin impair T cell responses through the autonomic nervous system","volume":"184","author":"Kalra","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.1.46","article-title":"Severely reduced functional status in veterans fitting a case definition of Gulf War syndrome","volume":"92","author":"Haley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib25","unstructured":"Malik M, Camm AJ. Heart Rate Variability. Armonk, New York: Futura Publishing Company, Inc.; 1995."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.5.1043","article-title":"Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use","volume":"93","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1997.tb02140.x","article-title":"Heart rate variability: origins, methods, and interpretive caveats","volume":"34","author":"Berntson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890008995937","article-title":"Physiological basis for human autonomic rhythms","volume":"32","author":"Eckberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1995.tb03858.x","article-title":"Reproducibility of time and frequency domain analysis of heart rate variability in patients with chronic stable angina","volume":"18","author":"Kamalesh","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)00639-5","article-title":"Short- and long-term reproducibility of heart rate variability in patients with long-standing type I diabetes mellitus","volume":"80","author":"Burger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib31","first-page":"353","article-title":"An analysis of the time-relations of electrocardiograms","volume":"7","author":"Bazett","year":"1920","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-118-11-199306010-00008","article-title":"Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and blood pressure self-measurement in the diagnosis and management of hypertension","volume":"118","author":"Appel","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Int Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.19.2560","article-title":"The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report","volume":"289","author":"Chobanian","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib34","unstructured":"Rechtschaffen A, Kales A. A Manual of Standardized Terminology, Techniques and Scoring System for Sleep Stages of Human Subjects. Bethesda, Maryland: U.S. National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, Neurological Information Network; 1968. NIH Publication No. 204."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib35","series-title":"Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine","first-page":"260","article-title":"Temperature regulation","author":"Glotzbach","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1979.59.4.919","article-title":"Somatosensory, proprioceptive, and sympathetic activity in human peripheral nerves","volume":"59","author":"Vallbo","year":"1979","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199708)20:8<919::AID-MUS1>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"AAEM minimonograph #48: autonomic nervous system testing","volume":"20","author":"Ravits","year":"1997","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib38","first-page":"H581","article-title":"Parasympathetic cardiovascular control in human disease: a critical review of methods and results","volume":"239","author":"Eckberg","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S67","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.46.2.S67","article-title":"Diagnosis of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in diabetes","volume":"46","author":"Spallone","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.10.6.735","article-title":"Sensitivity of R-R variation and Valsalva ratio in assessment of cardiovascular diabetic autonomic neuropathy","volume":"10","author":"Rothschild","year":"1987","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03347282","article-title":"Heart-rate variability for discrimination of different types of neuropathy in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"21","author":"Osterhues","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8227(98)00094-1","article-title":"Evidence of defective cardiovascular regulation in insulin-dependent diabetic patients without clinical autonomic dysfunction","volume":"42","author":"Weston","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib43","unstructured":"Littrell RC, Milliken GA, Stroup WW, et al. SAS System for Mixed Models. Cary, North Carolina: SAS Institute; 1996."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.1998.tb02179.x","article-title":"Multiple comparison procedures updated","volume":"25","author":"Ludbrook","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/24.3.343","article-title":"The relationship between slow-wave activity, body temperature, and cardiac activity during nighttime sleep","volume":"24","author":"Burgess","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib46","first-page":"H1761","article-title":"Sleep and circadian influences on cardiac autonomic nervous system activity","volume":"273","author":"Burgess","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.52.4.396","article-title":"New method for assessing cardiac parasympathetic activity using 24 hour electrocardiograms","volume":"52","author":"Ewing","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(99)00110-2","article-title":"Circadian patterns of heart rate variability in normals, chronic stable angina and diabetes mellitus","volume":"71","author":"Burger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.11.2150","article-title":"Circadian rhythm of heart rate variability is reversibly abolished in ischemic stroke","volume":"28","author":"Korpelainen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(93)90166-7","article-title":"Circadian rhythmicity of heart rate and QTc interval in diabetic autonomic neuropathy: implications for the mechanism of sudden death","volume":"125","author":"Ong","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.39.10.1177","article-title":"Heart-rate variability and cardiac autonomic function in diabetes","volume":"39","author":"Malpas","year":"1990","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.86.5.1443","article-title":"Impaired circadian modulation of sympathovagal activity in diabetes","volume":"86","author":"Bernardi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4598(200009)23:9<1427::AID-MUS15>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Limits of the sympathetic skin response in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy","volume":"23","author":"Bril","year":"2000","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.2.436","article-title":"Redistribution of sudomotor responses is an early sign of sympathetic dysfunction in type 1 diabetes","volume":"50","author":"Hoeldtke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.73.2.367","article-title":"Relative contribution of cardiopulmonary and sinoartic baroreflexes in causing sympathetic activation in the human skeletal muscle circulation during orthostatic stress","volume":"73","author":"Jacobsen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S60","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199610000-00036","article-title":"Neural control of the cardiovascular system: insights from muscle sympathetic nerve recordings in humans","volume":"28","author":"Mitchell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/162.4.249","article-title":"Sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in a sample of veterans of the Persian Gulf War","volume":"162","author":"Peacock","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118235","article-title":"Sympathetic neural mechanisms in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"96","author":"Somers","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5687(00)00126-2","article-title":"Chronic-intermittent hypoxia: a model of sympathetic activation in the rat","volume":"121","author":"Sica","year":"2000","journal-title":"Respir Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)80155-6","article-title":"Association of depression with reduced heart rate variability in coronary artery disease","volume":"76","author":"Carney","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(99)00085-9","article-title":"Severe depression is associated with markedly reduced heart rate variability in patients with stable coronary heart disease","volume":"48","author":"Stein","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200009000-00007","article-title":"Change in heart rate and heart rate variability during treatment for depression in patients with coronary heart disease","volume":"62","author":"Carney","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(99)00202-5","article-title":"Autonomic neurocardiac function in patients with major depression and effects of antidepressive treatment with nefazodone","volume":"62","author":"Agelink","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530120053041","article-title":"The relationship between neurally mediated hypotension and the chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"274","author":"Bou-Holaigah","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)00087-9","article-title":"Does the chronic fatigue syndrome involve the autonomic nervous system?","volume":"102","author":"Freeman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-200002000-00004","article-title":"Neurally mediated hypotension in fatigued Gulf War veterans: a preliminary report","volume":"319","author":"Davis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.8.2509","article-title":"Vagal and sympathetic mechanisms in patients with orthostatic vasovagal syncope","volume":"96","author":"Morillo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1997.tb03889.x","article-title":"Tolerance to lower body negative pressure exposure: comparison between patients with neurocardiogenic syncope and controls","volume":"20","author":"Ruiz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000029748.94931.96","article-title":"Serotonin reuptake inhibitor (Paxil) does not prevent the vasovagal reaction associated with carotid sinus massage and\/or lower body negative pressure in healthy volunteers","volume":"106","author":"Takata","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114268","article-title":"A study of a possible association between breast cancer and gallbladder disease","volume":"123","author":"Wysowski","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200007000-00014","article-title":"Myocardial infarction and acute cholecystitis: an application of sequence symmetry analysis","volume":"11","author":"Cher","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib72","first-page":"2391","article-title":"Gallbladder motility in diabetes mellitus using real time ultrasonography","volume":"91","author":"Hahm","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.36.624","article-title":"Cholecystoparesis with diabetic autonomic neuropathy","volume":"36","author":"Itoh","year":"1997","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib74","first-page":"603","article-title":"Diabetic autonomic neuropathy causing gall bladder dysfunction","volume":"48","author":"Gaur","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2001.14.1.61","article-title":"Real-time sonography for screening of gallbladder dysfunction in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"14","author":"Arslanoglu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2850","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.11.2850","article-title":"Impact of reduced heart rate variability on risk for cardiac events","volume":"94","author":"Tsuji","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002934304004334?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002934304004334?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T08:31:26Z","timestamp":1757579486000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002934304004334"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002934304004334"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9343","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Blunted circadian variation in autonomic regulation of sinus node function in veterans with Gulf War syndrome","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.041","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}