{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T22:41:40Z","timestamp":1772491300566,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]],"date-time":"2012-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1343779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]],"date-time":"2012-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1343779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["amjmed.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,24]],"date-time":"2012-07-24T16:03:00Z","timestamp":1343145780000},"page":"742-752","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Cardiac Evaluation of Collegiate Student Athletes: A Medical and Legal Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Timothy E.","family":"Paterick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Fuad","family":"Jan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zachary R.","family":"Paterick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matt M.","family":"Umland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Lake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James B.","family":"Seward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. Jamil","family":"Tajik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barry J.","family":"Maron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3011","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.23.3011","article-title":"Medical and legal issues in the cardiovascular evaluation of competitive athletes","volume":"294","author":"Paterick","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.181423","volume":"115","author":"Maron","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.02.015","article-title":"Task Force 8: classification of sports","volume":"45","author":"Mitchell","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.004622","article-title":"Incidence of sudden cardiac death in national collegiate athletic association athletes","volume":"123","author":"Harmon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.3.336","article-title":"The athlete's heart","volume":"101","author":"Pluim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib6","first-page":"185","article-title":"Myocardial performance and aortic elastic properties in elite basketball and soccer players: relationship with aerobic and anaerobic capacity","volume":"4","author":"Akova","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(02)00194-8","article-title":"Association between left ventricular structure and cardiac performance during effort in two morphological of athlete's heart","volume":"86","author":"D'Andrea","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8651(05)70348-9","article-title":"Impact of different sports and training on cardiac structure and function","volume":"15","author":"Fagard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cardiol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(86)90356-X","article-title":"Left ventricular dimensions and mechanics in distance runners","volume":"112","author":"Mickelson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.804617","article-title":"Sudden deaths in young competitive athletes: analysis of 1866 deaths in the United States, 1980-2006","volume":"119","author":"Maron","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.08.055","article-title":"Bethesda Conference #36 and the European Society of Cardiology Consensus Recommendations revisited a comparison of U.S. and European criteria for eligibility and disqualification of competitive athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities","volume":"52","author":"Pelliccia","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-152-5-201003020-00005","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of preparticipation screening for prevention of sudden cardiac death in young athletes","volume":"152","author":"Wheeler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.10.037","article-title":"Mandatory electrocardiographic screening of athletes to reduce their risk for sudden death: proven fact or wishful thinking?","volume":"57","author":"Steinvil","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2009.08.002","article-title":"Adding an electrocardiogram to the pre-participation examination in competitive athletes: a systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Perez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Probl Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.01.065","article-title":"Relation of race to electrocardiographic patterns in elite American football players","volume":"51","author":"Magalski","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.3.278","article-title":"Clinical significance of abnormal electrocardiographic patterns in trained athletes","volume":"102","author":"Pelliccia","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2010.09.020","article-title":"Left ventricular myocardial velocities and deformation indexes in top-level athletes","volume":"23","author":"D'Andrea","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(01)01640-X","article-title":"Relation between myocyte disarray and outcome in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"88","author":"Varnava","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8175.2006.00186.x","article-title":"The usefulness of Doppler myocardial imaging in the study of the athlete's heart and in the differential diagnosis between physiological and pathological ventricular hypertrophy","volume":"23","author":"D'Andrea","year":"2006","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.104.2.128","article-title":"Tissue Doppler imaging consistently detects myocardial abnormalities in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and provides a novel means for an early diagnosis before and independently of hypertrophy","volume":"104","author":"Nagueh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199808063390602","article-title":"Screening for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in young athletes","volume":"339","author":"Corrado","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-141-11-200412070-00005","article-title":"Sudden death in young adults: a 25-year review of autopsies in military recruits","volume":"141","author":"Eckart","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00941-0","article-title":"American College of Cardiology\/European Society of Cardiology clinical expert consensus document on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"42","author":"Maron","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2872","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000072343.81530.75","article-title":"Primary prevention of sudden death as a novel treatment strategy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"107","author":"Maron","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.02.071","article-title":"Outcome of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and a normal electrocardiogram","volume":"54","author":"McLeod","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.19.1992","article-title":"Relationship of MRI delayed contrast enhancement to irreversible injury, infarct age, and contractile function","volume":"100","author":"Kim","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.02.011","article-title":"Task Force 4: HCM and other cardiomyopathies, mitral valve prolapse, myocarditis, and Marfan syndrome","volume":"45","author":"Maron","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.02.014","article-title":"Task Force 7: arrhythmias","volume":"45","author":"Zipes","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2003.05.003","article-title":"Prevalence of congenital heart disease","volume":"147","author":"Hoffman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-005-2707-z","article-title":"Congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries: imaging with contrast-enhanced, multidetector computed tomography","volume":"15","author":"Schmitt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.174287","volume":"113","author":"Maron","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000128363.85581.E1","article-title":"Recommendations for physical activity and recreational sports participation for young patients with genetic cardiovascular diseases","volume":"109","author":"Maron","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(51)90036-1","article-title":"The mural coronary","volume":"41","author":"Geiringer","year":"1951","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib34","first-page":"329","article-title":"Myocardial bridging involving more than one site of the left anterior descending coronary artery: an uncommon cause of acute ischemic syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Mazz\u00fa","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01654-0","article-title":"Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy","volume":"38","author":"Gemayel","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5273(90)90244-Y","article-title":"Mitral valve prolapse: cardiac arrest with long-term survival","volume":"26","author":"Boudoulas","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000115643.50179.6E","article-title":"Images in cardiovascular medicine","volume":"109","author":"Ratib","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.2459\/01.JCM.0000199777.85343.ec","article-title":"Aortic dilatation in patients with bicuspid aortic valve","volume":"7","author":"Cecconi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000027905.26586.E8","article-title":"Clinical and pathophysiological implications of a bicuspid aortic valve","volume":"106","author":"Fedak","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(84)90418-1","article-title":"Risk factors for aortic dissection: a necropsy study of 161 cases","volume":"53","author":"Larson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.11.3.321","article-title":"The cardiovascular aspects of Marfan's syndrome: a heritable disorder of connective tissue","volume":"11","author":"McKusick","year":"1955","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19960424)62:4<417::AID-AJMG15>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Revised diagnostic criteria for the Marfan Syndrome","volume":"62","author":"De Paepe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.02.006","article-title":"Introduction: eligibility recommendations for competitive athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities-general considerations","volume":"45","author":"Maron","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib44","unstructured":"Kleinknecht v. Gettysburg College, 989 F.2d 1360 (3d Cir. 1993)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib45","unstructured":"Davidson v. Univ of NC at Chapel Hill, 543 S.E.2d 920 142 (NC App. 2001)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib46","unstructured":"Kennedy v. Syracuse University, No. 94-CV-269, 1995 WL 548710 (N.D.N.Y. Sept. 12, 1995)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib47","unstructured":"Orr v. Brigham Young University, 960 F. Supp. 1522 (D. Utah 1994)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib48","unstructured":"Beach v. University of Utah, 726 P.2d U.S. 413 (1986)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib49","unstructured":"Webb v. University of Utah, 88 P.3d 364 (Utah App. 2004)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.4.850","article-title":"Cardiovascular preparticipation screening of competitive athletes","volume":"94","author":"Maron","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002934312002823?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002934312002823?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T08:58:19Z","timestamp":1757581099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002934312002823"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002934312002823"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9343","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cardiac Evaluation of Collegiate Student Athletes: A Medical and Legal Perspective","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.02.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}