{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T17:52:20Z","timestamp":1780509140563,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["amjmed.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.08.026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,8]],"date-time":"2017-09-08T20:45:41Z","timestamp":1504903541000},"page":"276-283.e2","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Nurse Practitioners, Physician Assistants, and Physicians Are Comparable in Managing the First Five Years of Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Yihan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra L.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary K.","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Tomolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darin","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence S.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.08.026_bib0010","series-title":"National Diabetes Statistics Report: Estimates of Diabetes and Its Burden in the United States, 2014","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.08.026_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-2625","article-title":"Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. in 2012","volume":"36","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.08.026_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMhpr1301084","article-title":"Expanding the role of advanced nurse practitioners\u2013risks and rewards","volume":"368","author":"Iglehart","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.08.026_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.1431","article-title":"Projecting US primary care physician workforce needs: 2010-2025","volume":"10","author":"Petterson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Fam Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.08.026_bib0030","series-title":"Physician compensation and production survey: 2012 report based on 2011 data","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.08.026_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7599.1990.tb00786.x","article-title":"1965-1990: 25th anniversary of nurse practitioners. A classic manuscript reprinted in celebration of 25 years of progress. The Burlington randomized trial of the nurse practitioner. 1971-2","volume":"2","author":"Spitzer","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Acad Nurse Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.08.026_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-199511000-00003","article-title":"A meta-analysis of nurse practitioners and nurse midwives in primary care","volume":"44","author":"Brown","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nurs Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.08.026_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7341.819","article-title":"Systematic review of whether nurse practitioners working in primary care can provide equivalent care to doctors","volume":"324","author":"Horrocks","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.08.026_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.1.59","article-title":"Primary care outcomes in patients treated by nurse practitioners or physicians: a randomized trial","volume":"283","author":"Mundinger","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.08.026_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.58.11.968","article-title":"Outpatient management of childhood asthma by paediatrician or asthma nurse: randomised controlled study with one year follow up","volume":"58","author":"Kamps","year":"2003","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.08.026_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13662","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus care provided by nurse practitioners vs primary care physicians","volume":"63","author":"Kuo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.08.026_bib0065","series-title":"Professional Issues: PA Scope of Practice","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.08.026_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2010.09.005","article-title":"Employment of mid-level providers in primary care and control of diabetes","volume":"5","author":"Jackson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prim Care Diabetes"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.08.026_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B10","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.suppl_2.B10","article-title":"Who has diabetes? Best estimates of diabetes prevalence in the Department of Veterans Affairs based on computerized patient data","volume":"27","author":"Miller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.08.026_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1097\/01720610-201011000-00008","article-title":"Physician assistants working in the Department of Veterans Affairs","volume":"23","author":"Woodmansee","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAAPA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.08.026_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-10-00329","article-title":"Nurse practitioners as primary care providers within the VA","volume":"176","author":"Fletcher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.08.026_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-4491-10-42","article-title":"Characteristics of primary care office visits to nurse practitioners, physician assistants and physicians in United States Veterans Health Administration facilities, 2005 to 2010: a retrospective cross-sectional analysis","volume":"10","author":"Morgan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Resour Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.08.026_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1177\/193229680800200105","article-title":"Longitudinal approaches to evaluate health care quality and outcomes: the Veterans Health Administration diabetes epidemiology cohorts","volume":"2","author":"Miller","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.08.026_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2010.11.001","article-title":"Validity of the primary care diagnosis of diabetes in veterans in the southeastern United States","volume":"91","author":"Twombly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.08.026_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","article-title":"A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation","volume":"40","author":"Charlson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.08.026_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000182534.19832.83","article-title":"Coding algorithms for defining comorbidities in ICD-9-CM and ICD-10 administrative data","volume":"43","author":"Quan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.08.026_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199309303291401","article-title":"The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"329","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.08.026_bib0125","series-title":"VA\/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Primary Care","author":"Department of Veterans Affairs","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.08.026_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-141-12-200412210-00010","article-title":"Comparison of quality of care for patients in the Veterans Health Administration and patients in a national sample","volume":"141","author":"Asch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.08.026_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1177\/1077558704269795","article-title":"Value for taxpayers' dollars: what VA care would cost at Medicare prices","volume":"61","author":"Nugent","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Care Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.08.026_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000406","article-title":"Potentially preventable hospitalizations in Medicare patients with diabetes: a comparison of primary care provided by nurse practitioners versus physicians","volume":"53","author":"Kuo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.08.026_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1177\/014572170202800413","article-title":"Pmid. Diabetes care processes and outcomes in patients treated by nurse practitioners or physicians","volume":"28","author":"Lenz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.08.026_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.758","article-title":"Quality of diabetes care in family medicine practices: influence of nurse-practitioners and physician's assistants","volume":"6","author":"Ohman-Strickland","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Fam Med"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000293431730904X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000293431730904X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T09:13:59Z","timestamp":1757582039000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S000293431730904X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S000293431730904X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.08.026","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9343","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Nurse Practitioners, Physician Assistants, and Physicians Are Comparable in Managing the First Five Years of Diabetes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.08.026","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}