{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T16:42:58Z","timestamp":1793378578241,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R25AA020818"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25AA020818"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54GM115458"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54GM115458"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50AR060772"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50AR060772"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["amjmed.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,29]],"date-time":"2018-11-29T13:30:09Z","timestamp":1543498209000},"page":"354-361","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Adherence and Outcomes with Urate-Lowering Therapy: A Site-Randomized Trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Ted R.","family":"Mikuls","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. Craig","family":"Cheetham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald D.","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazia","family":"Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Artak","family":"Kerimian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly J.","family":"Low","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0587-9478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian W.","family":"Coburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David T.","family":"Redden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth G.","family":"Saag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. Jeffrey","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"R. Curtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3136","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30520","article-title":"Prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in the US general population: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2008","volume":"63","author":"Zhu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.703389","article-title":"Independent impact of gout on mortality and risk for coronary heart disease","volume":"116","author":"Choi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21837","article-title":"Gout-related health care utilization in US emergency departments, 2006 through 2008","volume":"65","author":"Garg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2007.00173.x","article-title":"The impact of gout on work absence and productivity","volume":"10","author":"Kleinman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.081604","article-title":"Gout is associated with more comorbidities, poorer health-related quality of life and higher healthcare utilisation in US veterans","volume":"67","author":"Singh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0006","first-page":"1061","article-title":"Urate-lowering therapy","volume":"Vol I. 10th ed.","author":"Mikuls","year":"2017"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830270835","article-title":"B cell subpopulations separated by CD27 and crucial collaboration of CD27+ B cells and helper T cells in immunoglobulin production","volume":"27","author":"Agematsu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.28.4.437","article-title":"Comparison of drug adherence rates among patients with seven different medical conditions","volume":"28","author":"Briesacher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2296-14-170","article-title":"Improvement in the management of gout is vital and overdue: an audit from a UK primary care medical practice","volume":"14","author":"Cottrell","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.140588","article-title":"Modifiable factors associated with allopurinol adherence and outcomes among patients with gout in an integrated healthcare system","volume":"42","author":"Rashid","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.070755","article-title":"Concordance of the management of chronic gout in a UK primary-care population with the EULAR gout recommendations","volume":"66","author":"Roddy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.092619","article-title":"Opportunities for improving medication use and monitoring in gout","volume":"68","author":"Singh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.076182","article-title":"Uric acid lowering therapy: prescribing patterns in a large cohort of older adults","volume":"67","author":"Solomon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21772","article-title":"2012 American College of Rheumatology guidelines for management of gout. Part 1: systematic nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapeutic approaches to hyperuricemia","volume":"64","author":"Khanna","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209707","article-title":"2016 updated EULAR evidence-based recommendations for the management of gout","volume":"76","author":"Richette","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.01.008","article-title":"Effect of prophylaxis on gout flares after the initiation of urate-lowering therapy: analysis of data from three phase III trials","volume":"32","author":"Wortmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-13-174","article-title":"Prescription and dosing of urate-lowering therapy, rather than patient behaviours, are the key modifiable factors associated with targeting serum urate in gout","volume":"13","author":"Dalbeth","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2014.05.007","article-title":"Impaired response or insufficient dosage? Examining the potential causes of \"inadequate response\" to allopurinol in the treatment of gout","volume":"44","author":"Stamp","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40486","article-title":"Allopurinol dose escalation and mortality among patients with gout: A national propensity-matched cohort study","author":"Coburn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2016.07.019","article-title":"Rationale and design of the randomized evaluation of an Ambulatory Care Pharmacist-Led Intervention to Optimize Urate Lowering Pathways (RAmP-UP) Study","volume":"50","author":"Coburn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.7812\/TPP\/12-031","article-title":"Sociodemographic characteristics of members of a large, integrated health care system: comparison with US Census Bureau data","volume":"16","author":"Koebnick","year":"2012","journal-title":"Perm J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0022","first-page":"383","article-title":"Interactive voice response systems for improving delivery of ambulatory care","volume":"15","author":"Oake","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0023","unstructured":"Nau DP. Proportion of Days Covered (PDC) as a preferred method of measuring medication adherence. Available at: http:\/\/pqaalliance.org\/resources\/adherence.asp. Accessed April 25, 2018."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0b013e3181945d2c","article-title":"The effect of serum urate on gout flares and their associated costs: an administrative claims analysis","volume":"15","author":"Halpern","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201687","article-title":"Gout: why is this curable disease so seldom cured?","volume":"71","author":"Doherty","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii9","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep087","article-title":"Treating to target: a strategy to cure gout","volume":"48","author":"Perez-Ruiz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.160614","article-title":"The problem with gout is that it's still such a problem","volume":"43","author":"Coburn","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.055269","article-title":"EULAR evidence based recommendations for gout. Part II: Management. Report of a task force of the EULAR Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics (ESCISIT)","volume":"65","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050373","article-title":"Febuxostat compared with allopurinol in patients with hyperuricemia and gout","volume":"353","author":"Becker","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24209","article-title":"Effects of febuxostat versus allopurinol and placebo in reducing serum urate in subjects with hyperuricemia and gout: a 28-week, phase III, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial","volume":"59","author":"Schumacher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000000561","article-title":"Allopurinol medication adherence as a mediator of optimal outcomes in gout management","volume":"23","author":"Coburn","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201676","article-title":"Patients with gout adhere to curative treatment if informed appropriately: proof-of-concept observational study","volume":"72","author":"Rees","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0033","first-page":"529","article-title":"Long-term persistence and adherence on urate-lowering treatment can be maintained in primary care-5-year follow-up of a proof-of-concept study","volume":"56","author":"Abhishek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-018-0744-3","article-title":"Exploring current and potential roles of Australian community pharmacists in gout management: a qualitative study","volume":"19","author":"Counsell","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2016.10.006","article-title":"Pilot study of a multidisciplinary gout patient education and monitoring program","volume":"46","author":"Fields","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.7812\/TPP\/15-234","article-title":"A pharmacist-staffed, virtual gout management clinic for achieving target serum uric acid levels: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"20","author":"Goldfien","year":"2016","journal-title":"Perm J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-0570","article-title":"clinical guidelines committee of the American College of P. Management of Acute and Recurrent Gout: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians","volume":"166","author":"Qaseem","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken457","article-title":"Febuxostat in the treatment of gout: 5-yr findings of the FOCUS efficacy and safety study","volume":"48","author":"Schumacher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21817","article-title":"Severe cutaneous reactions requiring hospitalization in allopurinol initiators: a population-based cohort study","volume":"65","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.3536","article-title":"Allopurinol use and risk of fatal hypersensitivity reactions: a nationwide population-based study in Taiwan","volume":"175","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34488","article-title":"Starting dose is a risk factor for allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome: a proposed safe starting dose of allopurinol","volume":"64","author":"Stamp","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002934318311343?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002934318311343?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T19:31:08Z","timestamp":1788982268000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002934318311343"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002934318311343"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9343","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Adherence and Outcomes with Urate-Lowering Therapy: A Site-Randomized Trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.11.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}