{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T01:37:07Z","timestamp":1770341827302,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002429","name":"Amgen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002429","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006510","name":"Duke University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006510","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014384","name":"Amarin Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014384","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002491","name":"Bristol-Myers Squibb","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002491","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006513","name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006513","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015340","name":"Bayer Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015340","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004312","name":"Eli Lilly and Company","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007277","name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007277","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004325","name":"AstraZeneca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005035","name":"Biotronik","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005035","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013411","name":"Precast\/Prestressed Concrete Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005632","name":"Forest Laboratories","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013606","name":"American Ceramic Circle","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001316","name":"Abbott Laboratories","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001316","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006279","name":"St. Jude Medical","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006279","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013843","name":"Ukrainian Research Institute, Harvard University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004337","name":"Roche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004337","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008497","name":"Boston Scientific Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008497","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004191","name":"Novo Nordisk","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004191","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004374","name":"Medtronic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011949","name":"Abbott Vascular","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011949","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000871","name":"Mayo Clinic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005485","name":"American College of Cardiology Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005485","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001003","name":"Boehringer Ingelheim","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019361","name":"Belvoir Media Group","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019361","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007311","name":"Cleveland Clinic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007311","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002336","name":"Daiichi Sankyo Company","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004326","name":"Bayer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007560","name":"Chiesi Farmaceutici","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007560","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002973","name":"Daiichi-Sankyo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002973","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004334","name":"Merck","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004334","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008235","name":"School of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008235","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003769","name":"Eisai","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["amjmed.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,29]],"date-time":"2019-04-29T19:49:30Z","timestamp":1556567370000},"page":"1053-1061.e1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Temporal Trends and Outcomes of Hospitalizations With Prinzmetal Angina: Perspectives From a National Database"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Ayman","family":"Elbadawi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Islam Y.","family":"Elgendy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syed Yaseen","family":"Naqvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed H.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gbolahan O.","family":"Ogunbayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Omer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amgad","family":"Mentias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marwan","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Dawn","family":"Abbott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hani","family":"Jneid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deepak L.","family":"Bhatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.005_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.843474","article-title":"Coronary artery spasm: a 2009 update","volume":"119","author":"Stern","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.005_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs199","article-title":"Clinical implications of provocation tests for coronary artery spasm: safety, arrhythmic complications, and prognostic impact: multicentre registry study of the Japanese Coronary Spasm Association","volume":"34","author":"Takagi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.005_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.10.038","article-title":"Provocative testing for coronary reactivity and spasm","volume":"63","author":"Zaya","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.005_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Da Costa A, Isaaz K, Faure E, Mourot S, Cerisier A, Lamaud M. Clinical characteristics, aetiological factors and long-term prognosis of myocardial infarction with an absolutely normal coronary angiogram; a 3-year follow-up study of 91 patients. Eur Heart J 2001;22(16):1459-65.","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2000.2553"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.005_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.04.050","article-title":"Coronary artery spasm as a frequent cause of acute coronary syndrome: The CASPAR (Coronary Artery Spasm in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome) Study","volume":"52","author":"Ong","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.005_bb0030","unstructured":"Elixhauser A, McCarthy E. Clinical classifications for health policy research, version 2: Hospital inpatient statistics. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 1996."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.005_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elbadawi A, Elgendy IY, Mahmoud K, et al. National trends and outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention in patients\u2265 70 years of age with acute coronary syndrome (from the National Inpatient Sample Database) [Epub ahead of print]. Am J Cardiol 2019;123(1):25-32.8.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2018.09.030"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.005_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2018.01.254","article-title":"Temporal trends in inpatient use of intravascular imaging among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in the united states","volume":"11","author":"Elgendy","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.005_bb0045","unstructured":"2015 National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report and 5th Anniversary Update on the National Quality Strategy. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; April 2106. AHRQ Pub. No. 16-0015)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.005_bb0050","unstructured":"Houchens R, Ross D, Elixhauser A. Using the HCUP national inpatient sample to estimate trends. 2015. HCUP Methods Series Report# 2006-05 ONLINE. 2016. Available at: http:\/\/www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov\/reports\/methods\/methods.jsp. Accessed March 27; 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.005_bb0055","author":"Team RC"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.005_bb0060","article-title":"Incidence and factors associated with mortality in 2,476 patients with variant angina in Korea","volume":"7","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.005_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.10.1102","article-title":"Major racial differences in coronary constrictor response between Japanese and Caucasians with recent myocardial infarction","volume":"101","author":"Pristipino","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.005_bb0070","first-page":"309","article-title":"Evaluation of adjunctive intracoronary administration of acetylcholine following intravenous infusion of ergonovine to provoke coronary artery spasm (English text)","volume":"34","author":"Goto","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.005_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2008.01.001","article-title":"Coronary artery spasm\u2014clinical features, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment","volume":"51","author":"Yasue","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.005_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.17.2038","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the United States","volume":"298","author":"Coresh","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.005_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306825","article-title":"Epidemiology of obesity and diabetes and their cardiovascular complications","volume":"118","author":"Bhupathiraju","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.005_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000051384.43104.FC","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction: a marker of atherosclerotic risk","volume":"23","author":"Bonetti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.005_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.019127","article-title":"A shocking development in a young male athlete with chest pain","volume":"133","author":"Alexander","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.005_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.004336","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of vasospastic angina patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Cho","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.005_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.08.626","article-title":"3-year follow-up of patients with coronary artery spasm as cause of acute coronary syndrome: the CASPAR (coronary artery spasm in patients with acute coronary syndrome) study follow-up","volume":"57","author":"Ong","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.005_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.07.018","article-title":"Prognostic stratification of patients with vasospastic angina: a comprehensive clinical risk score developed by the Japanese Coronary Spasm Association","volume":"62","author":"Takagi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.005_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a014996","article-title":"Coronary artery spasm in patients with normal or near normal coronary arteries: Long-term follow-up of 277 patients","volume":"17","author":"Bory","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.005_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.678342","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease: effects on the cardiovascular system","volume":"116","author":"Schiffrin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.005_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.5387\/fms.58.136","article-title":"A reduction of coronary flow reserve is associated with chronic kidney disease and long-term cardio-cerebrovascular events in patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease and vasospasm","volume":"58","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fukushima J Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.005_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000031","article-title":"Mild renal insufficiency is associated with reduced coronary flow in patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease","volume":"69","author":"Chade","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.005_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.02.006","article-title":"Vascular endothelial dysfunction in cirrhosis","volume":"46","author":"Iwakiri","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.005_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(93)90527-G","article-title":"Role of coronary vasospasm in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction: study in patients with no significant coronary stenosis","volume":"126","author":"Fukai","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.005_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.02.015","article-title":"Ischemic pre-conditioning enhances the mobilization and recruitment of bone marrow stem cells to protect against ischemia\/reperfusion injury in the late phase","volume":"53","author":"Kamota","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.005_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.036","article-title":"Meta-analysis of randomized trials on remote ischemic conditioning during primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"119","author":"Elbadawi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002934319303420?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002934319303420?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T10:28:53Z","timestamp":1762079333000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002934319303420"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002934319303420"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9343","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Temporal Trends and Outcomes of Hospitalizations With Prinzmetal Angina: Perspectives From a National Database","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}