{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T01:16:01Z","timestamp":1792718161124,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["amjmed.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]],"date-time":"2019-05-28T20:53:33Z","timestamp":1559076813000},"page":"1133-1141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":216,"title":["Peripheral Artery Disease: Past, Present, and Future"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Umberto","family":"Campia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Gerhard-Herman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Piazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel Z.","family":"Goldhaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2811","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.191170","article-title":"Atherosclerotic Peripheral vascular disease symposium ii: executive summary","volume":"118","author":"Creager","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0010","first-page":"e726","article-title":"2016 AHA\/ACC guideline on the management of patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"135","author":"Gerhard-Herman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.303849","article-title":"Epidemiology of peripheral artery disease","volume":"116","author":"Criqui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2890","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e318276fbcb","article-title":"Measurement and interpretation of the ankle-brachial index: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"126","author":"Aboyans","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.13415","article-title":"Associations between conventional cardiovascular risk factors and risk of peripheral artery disease in men","volume":"308","author":"Joosten","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2330","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.035432","article-title":"Lipoprotein particle profiles, standard lipids, and peripheral artery disease incidence","volume":"138","author":"Aday","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.02941.x","article-title":"Leg symptom categories and rates of mobility decline in peripheral arterial disease","volume":"58","author":"McDermott","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0040","first-page":"2372","article-title":"Skeletal muscle microvascular flow in progressive peripheral artery disease","volume":"53","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"assessment with continuous arterial spin-labeling perfusion magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.303566","article-title":"Pathogenesis of the limb manifestations and exercise limitations in peripheral artery disease","volume":"116","author":"Hiatt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Norgren L, Hiatt WR, Dormandy JA, et al. Inter-Society Consensus for the Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease (TASC II). J Vasc Surg. 2007;45 Suppl S:S5-67.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2006.12.037"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.2.180","article-title":"International prevalence, recognition, and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors in outpatients with atherothrombosis","volume":"295","author":"Bhatt","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0060","first-page":"763","article-title":"2017 ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral arterial diseases, in collaboration with the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS)","volume":"39","author":"Aboyans","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.113.000697","article-title":"Adherence to guideline-recommended therapy is associated with decreased major adverse cardiovascular events and major adverse limb events among patients with peripheral arterial disease","volume":"3","author":"Armstrong","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.003954","article-title":"Secondary prevention and mortality in peripheral artery disease: National Health and Nutrition Examination Study, 1999 to 2004","volume":"124","author":"Pande","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2012.04.046","article-title":"Supervised walking therapy in patients with intermittent claudication","volume":"56","author":"Fakhry","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.12.043","article-title":"Supervised exercise, stent revascularization, or medical therapy for claudication due to aortoiliac peripheral artery disease: the CLEVER study","volume":"65","author":"Murphy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.14851","article-title":"Endovascular revascularization and supervised exercise for peripheral artery disease and intermittent claudication: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"314","author":"Fakhry","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0090","unstructured":"Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Decision memo for Supervised Exercise Therapy (SET) for symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD) (CAG-00449N). Available at: https:\/\/www.cms.gov\/medicare-coverage-database\/details\/nca-decision-memo.aspx?NCAId=287. Accessed on February 18, 2019."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X10361545","article-title":"A pooled analysis of the durability and predictors of treatment response of cilostazol in patients with intermittent claudication","volume":"15","author":"Pande","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vasc Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.117.003860","article-title":"PORTRAIT (Patient-Centered Outcomes Related to Treatment Practices in Peripheral Arterial Disease: Investigating Trajectories): overview of design and rationale of an international prospective peripheral arterial disease study","volume":"11","author":"Smolderen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3182031a3c","volume":"122","author":"Olin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2014.08.064","article-title":"Smoking cessation is associated with decreased mortality and improved amputation-free survival among patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease","volume":"60","author":"Armstrong","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.07.031","article-title":"Effectiveness of a smoking cessation program for peripheral artery disease patients: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"56","author":"Hennrikus","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0120","first-page":"3332","article-title":"2018 ACC expert consensus decision pathway on tobacco cessation treatment","volume":"72","author":"Barua","year":"2018","journal-title":"a report of the American College of Cardiology task force on clinical expert consensus documents. J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09327-3","article-title":"MRC\/BHF heart protection study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"360","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2006.12.054","article-title":"Randomized trial of the effects of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin on peripheral vascular and other major vascular outcomes in 20,536 people with peripheral arterial disease and other high-risk conditions","volume":"45","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2864","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu080","article-title":"Statin therapy and long-term adverse limb outcomes in patients with peripheral artery disease: insights from the REACH registry","volume":"35","author":"Kumbhani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032235","article-title":"Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering with evolocumab and outcomes in patients with peripheral artery disease: insights from the FOURIER trial (Further Cardiovascular Outcomes Research With PCSK9 Inhibition in Subjects With Elevated Risk)","volume":"137","author":"Bonaca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200001203420301","article-title":"Yusuf S, Sleight P, et al. Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients","volume":"342","author":"Investigators","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2003.10.033","article-title":"Impact of ramipril in patients with evidence of clinical or subclinical peripheral arterial disease","volume":"25","author":"Ostergren","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X15574321","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use is associated with reduced major adverse cardiovascular events among patients with critical limb ischemia","volume":"20","author":"Armstrong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vasc Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0160","first-page":"337","article-title":"The Prevention Of Progression Of Arterial Disease And Diabetes (POPADAD) trial: factorial randomised placebo controlled trial of aspirin and antioxidants in patients with diabetes and asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease","volume":"a1840","author":"Belch","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.221","article-title":"Aspirin for prevention of cardiovascular events in a general population screened for a low ankle brachial index: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"303","author":"Fowkes","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.623","article-title":"Aspirin for the prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with peripheral artery disease: a meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"301","author":"Berger","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.03.025","article-title":"Patients with prior myocardial infarction, stroke, or symptomatic peripheral arterial disease in the CHARISMA trial","volume":"49","author":"Bhatt","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.08.002","article-title":"Pathology of peripheral artery disease in patients with critical limb ischemia","volume":"72","author":"Narula","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.000679","article-title":"Vorapaxar in patients with peripheral artery disease: results from TRA2{degrees}P-TIMI 50","volume":"127","author":"Bonaca","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709118","article-title":"Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in stable cardiovascular disease","volume":"377","author":"Eikelboom","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32409-1","article-title":"Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in patients with stable peripheral or carotid artery disease: an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"391","author":"Anand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet."}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002934319304358?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002934319304358?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T09:18:35Z","timestamp":1757582315000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002934319304358"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002934319304358"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9343","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Peripheral Artery Disease: Past, Present, and Future","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}