{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T14:17:14Z","timestamp":1784297834012,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["amjmed.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T11:12:28Z","timestamp":1675422748000},"page":"422-431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Misconceptions and Facts about Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Chayakrit","family":"Krittanawong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Lui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arunima","family":"Misra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.H. Wilson","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biykem","family":"Bozkurt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clyde W.","family":"Yancy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.08.074","article-title":"Heart failure with preserved, borderline, and reduced ejection fraction: 5-year outcomes","volume":"70","author":"Shah","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0002","series-title":"Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine","year":"2015"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.12.011","article-title":"2022 AHA\/ACC\/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure","volume":"79","author":"Heidenreich","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1977.03630170075017","article-title":"Heart failure. A proposed definition and classification","volume":"137","author":"Wagner","year":"1977","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a061500","article-title":"The definition of heart failure","volume":"4","author":"Denolin","year":"1983","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2021.03.003","article-title":"Universal definition and classification of heart failure: is it universal? Does it define heart failure?","volume":"27","author":"Lam","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0007","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2017.02.010","article-title":"I Need Help-A mnemonic to aid timely referral in advanced heart failure","volume":"36","author":"Baumwol","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2016.163","article-title":"Neurohormonal activation in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction","volume":"14","author":"Hartupee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.01.033","article-title":"The path to an angiotensin receptor antagonist-neprilysin inhibitor in the treatment of heart failure","volume":"65","author":"Braunwald","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2020.02.004","article-title":"Mechanisms of cardiovascular benefits of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors: a state-of-the-art review","volume":"5","author":"Lopaschuk","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1557","article-title":"Why has positive inotropy failed in chronic heart failure? Lessons from prior inotrope trials","volume":"21","author":"Ahmad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197612092952406","article-title":"Medical therapy of acute myocardial infarction by application of hemodynamic subsets (first of two parts)","volume":"295","author":"Forrester","year":"1976","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00309-7","article-title":"Clinical assessment identifies hemodynamic profiles that predict outcomes in patients admitted with heart failure","volume":"41","author":"Nohria","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2018.04.005","article-title":"The role of the clinical examination in patients with heart failure","volume":"6","author":"Thibodeau","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.12.032","article-title":"The N-terminal Pro-BNP investigation of dyspnea in the emergency department (PRIDE) study","volume":"95","author":"Januzzi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2005.02.031","article-title":"A validated clinical and biochemical score for the diagnosis of acute heart failure: the ProBNP Investigation of Dyspnea in the Emergency Department (PRIDE) Acute Heart Failure Score","volume":"151","author":"Baggish","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"9088","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)06031-5","article-title":"Value of natriuretic peptides in assessment of patients with possible new heart failure in primary care","volume":"350","author":"Cowie","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.10.1252","article-title":"Plasma natriuretic peptides for community screening for left ventricular hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction: the Framingham heart study","volume":"288","author":"Vasan","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3176","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000130845.38133.8F","article-title":"Plasma brain natriuretic peptide to detect preclinical ventricular systolic or diastolic dysfunction: a community-based study","volume":"109","author":"Redfield","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000054164.99881.00","article-title":"Changes in brain natriuretic peptide and norepinephrine over time and mortality and morbidity in the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial (Val-HeFT)","volume":"107","author":"Anand","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.10565","article-title":"Effect of natriuretic peptide-guided therapy on hospitalization or cardiovascular mortality in high-risk patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"318","author":"Felker","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368","article-title":"2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure","volume":"42","author":"McDonagh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.08.045","article-title":"Misconceptions and facts about cardiac amyloidosis","volume":"160","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2019.04.010","article-title":"Screening for transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy in everyday practice","volume":"7","author":"Witteles","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.006242","article-title":"Left ventricular structure and function in transthyretin-related versus light-chain cardiac amyloidosis","volume":"129","author":"Quarta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"11 suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(20)32355-X","article-title":"High prevalence of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction among patients with transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis","volume":"75","author":"Asif","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2015.05.014","article-title":"Causes and consequences of longitudinal LV dysfunction assessed by 2D strain echocardiography in cardiac amyloidosis","volume":"9","author":"Ternacle","year":"2016","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e840","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000664","article-title":"Cardiorenal syndrome: classification, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment strategies: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"139","author":"Rangaswami","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv010","article-title":"The kidney in heart failure: an update","volume":"36","author":"Damman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2007.03.011","article-title":"High prevalence of renal dysfunction and its impact on outcome in 118,465 patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure: a report from the ADHERE database","volume":"13","author":"Heywood","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.821","article-title":"Associations with and prognostic impact of chronic kidney disease in heart failure with preserved, mid-range, and reduced ejection fraction","volume":"19","author":"L\u00f6fman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.07.031","article-title":"Incidence, predictors at admission, and impact of worsening renal function among patients hospitalized with heart failure","volume":"43","author":"Forman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-008-0033-1","article-title":"The cardiorenal connection in heart failure","volume":"10","author":"Rastogi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.05.068","article-title":"Importance of venous congestion for worsening of renal function in advanced decompensated heart failure","volume":"53","author":"Mullens","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0035","first-page":"41","article-title":"Worsening renal function in acute decompensated heart failure: a bad sign, or maybe not?","volume":"130","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.08.080","article-title":"Increased central venous pressure is associated with impaired renal function and mortality in a broad spectrum of patients with cardiovascular disease","volume":"53","author":"Damman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.111.963413","article-title":"Is worsening renal function an ominous prognostic sign in patients with acute heart failure? The role of congestion and its interaction with renal function","volume":"5","author":"Metra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030112","article-title":"Worsening renal function in patients with acute heart failure undergoing aggressive diuresis is not associated with tubular injury","volume":"137","author":"Ahmad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000366","article-title":"Executive Summary: Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics\u20142016 Update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"133","author":"Mozaffarian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.125435","article-title":"Rehospitalization for heart failure: predict or prevent?","volume":"126","author":"Desai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.004675","article-title":"Initiation, continuation, or withdrawal of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors\/angiotensin receptor blockers and outcomes in patients hospitalized with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction","volume":"6","author":"Gilstrap","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2022.08.009","article-title":"Heart failure drug treatment-inertia, titration, and discontinuation: a multinational observational study (EVOLUTION HF)","volume":"11","author":"Savarese","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.03.048","article-title":"Influence of beta-blocker continuation or withdrawal on outcomes in patients hospitalized with heart failure: findings from the OPTIMIZE-HF program","volume":"52","author":"Fonarow","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1812851","article-title":"Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition in acute decompensated heart failure","volume":"380","author":"Velazquez","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2030183","article-title":"Sotagliflozin in patients with diabetes and recent worsening heart failure","volume":"384","author":"Bhatt","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01659-1","article-title":"The SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure: a multinational randomized trial","volume":"28","author":"Voors","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.02.015","article-title":"Titration of medical therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction","volume":"73","author":"Greene","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.04.070","article-title":"Medical therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the CHAMP-HF Registry","volume":"72","author":"Greene","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2271","article-title":"Heart failure drug titration, discontinuation, mortality and heart failure hospitalization risk: a multinational observational study (US, UK and Sweden)","volume":"23","author":"Savarese","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2311","article-title":"Simultaneous or rapid sequence initiation of medical therapies for heart failure: seeking to avoid the case of \u2018too little, too late\u2019","volume":"23","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2206","article-title":"Patient profiling in heart failure for tailoring medical therapy. A consensus document of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"23","author":"Rosano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.022","volume":"77","author":"Maddox","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2149","article-title":"Rapid evidence-based sequencing of foundational drugs for heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction","volume":"23","author":"Packer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.6.712","article-title":"Effects of initiating carvedilol in patients with severe chronic heart failure: results from the COPERNICUS Study","volume":"289","author":"Krum","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.04.038","article-title":"Eplerenone reduces mortality 30 days after randomization following acute myocardial infarction in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure","volume":"46","author":"Pitt","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"9704","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61913-9","article-title":"Effects of high-dose versus low-dose losartan on clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure (HEAAL study): a randomised, double-blind trial","volume":"374","author":"Konstam","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1400","article-title":"Renal function stratified dose comparisons of eplerenone versus placebo in the EMPHASIS-HF trial","volume":"21","author":"Ferreira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.11.2807","article-title":"Carvedilol produces dose-related improvements in left ventricular function and survival in subjects with chronic heart failure. MOCHA Investigators","volume":"94","author":"Bristow","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.580","article-title":"Efficacy of sacubitril\/valsartan vs. enalapril at lower than target doses in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the PARADIGM-HF trial","volume":"18","author":"Vardeny","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.013748","article-title":"Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibition compared with enalapril on the risk of clinical progression in surviving patients with heart failure","volume":"131","author":"Packer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.051783","article-title":"Effect of empagliflozin on the clinical stability of patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction","volume":"143","author":"Packer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.052926","article-title":"How should we sequence the treatments for heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction?: A redefinition of evidence-based medicine","volume":"143","author":"McMurray","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2021.0496","article-title":"Simultaneous or rapid sequence initiation of quadruple medical therapy for heart failure-optimizing therapy with the need for speed","volume":"6","author":"Greene","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"10254","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31824-9","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a meta-analysis of the EMPEROR-Reduced and DAPA-HF trials","volume":"396","author":"Zannad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1811744","article-title":"Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy","volume":"380","author":"Perkovic","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2024816","article-title":"Dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"383","author":"Heerspink","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1911303","article-title":"Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction","volume":"381","author":"McMurray","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2206286","article-title":"Dapagliflozin in heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction","volume":"387","author":"Solomon","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2107038","article-title":"Empagliflozin in heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction","volume":"385","author":"Anker","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0070","first-page":"e895","article-title":"2022 AHA\/ACC\/HFSA Guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"145","author":"Heidenreich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.05.075","article-title":"Heart failure with recovered left ventricular ejection fraction: JACC Scientific Expert Panel","volume":"76","author":"Wilcox","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"10166","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32484-X","article-title":"Withdrawal of pharmacological treatment for heart failure in patients with recovered dilated cardiomyopathy (TRED-HF): an open-label, pilot, randomised trial","volume":"393","author":"Halliday","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-012-0467-8","article-title":"Heart rate at baseline influences the effect of ivabradine on cardiovascular outcomes in chronic heart failure: analysis from the SHIFT study","volume":"102","author":"B\u00f6hm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"issue":"9744","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61198-1","article-title":"Ivabradine and outcomes in chronic heart failure (SHIFT): a randomised placebo-controlled study","volume":"376","author":"Swedberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa042934","article-title":"Combination of isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine in blacks with heart failure","volume":"351","author":"Taylor","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1915928","article-title":"Vericiguat in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction","volume":"382","author":"Armstrong","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2021.4027","article-title":"Assessment of omecamtiv mecarbil for the treatment of patients with severe heart failure: a post hoc analysis of data from the GALACTIC-HF randomized clinical trial","volume":"7","author":"Felker","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1806640","article-title":"Transcatheter mitral-valve repair in patients with heart failure","volume":"379","author":"Stone","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707855","article-title":"Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation with heart failure","volume":"378","author":"Marrouche","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002934323000591?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002934323000591?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T09:29:31Z","timestamp":1757582971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002934323000591"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002934323000591"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9343","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Misconceptions and Facts about Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.024","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}