{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T06:51:34Z","timestamp":1793170294538,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]],"date-time":"2023-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","amjmed.com","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.12.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T19:48:58Z","timestamp":1702669738000},"page":"742-749","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in People with Long COVID, ME\/CFS, and Controls"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"Nilihan E.M.","family":"Sanal-Hayes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6654-0072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lawrence D.","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Mclaughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ethan C.J.","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas F.","family":"Sculthorpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.12.006_bib0001","article-title":"A cross-sectional study of symptom prevalence, frequency, severity, and impact of long-COVID in Scotland: part I [online ahead of print]","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.12.006_bib0002","article-title":"A cross-sectional study of symptom prevalence, frequency, severity, and impact of long-COVID in Scotland: part II [online ahead of print]","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.12.006_bib0003","article-title":"More than 100 persistent symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 (long COVID): a scoping review","volume":"8","author":"Hayes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.12.006_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.24869\/psyd.2020.245","article-title":"COVID-19 pandemic: a serious threat for public mental health globally","volume":"32","author":"Anjum","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatr Danub"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.12.006_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2022.2055294","article-title":"Depression, anxiety and post-traumatic growth among COVID-19 survivors six-month after discharge","volume":"13","author":"Xiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.12.006_bib0006","article-title":"Anxiety, depression, insomnia, and trauma-related symptoms following COVID-19 infection at long-term follow-up","volume":"16","author":"Kyzar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.12.006_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.665507","article-title":"Prevalence of post-traumatic stress symptoms and its associations with quality of life, demographic and clinical characteristics in COVID-19 survivors during the post-COVID-19 era","volume":"12","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.12.006_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0240146","article-title":"Why the COVID-19 pandemic is a traumatic stressor","volume":"16","author":"Bridgland","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.12.006_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101938","article-title":"The prevalence of PTSS under the influence of public health emergencies in last two decades: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"83","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.12.006_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.07.037","article-title":"Anxiety and depression in COVID-19 survivors: role of inflammatory and clinical predictors","volume":"89","author":"Mazza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.12.006_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2008017","article-title":"Mental health and the Covid-19 pandemic","volume":"383","author":"Pfefferbaum","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.12.006_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.114353","article-title":"Risk of post-traumatic stress symptoms in hospitalized and non-hospitalized COVID-19 recovered patients. A cross-sectional study","volume":"308","author":"Craparo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.12.006_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2021.110399","article-title":"Trajectories of post-traumatic stress symptoms, anxiety, and depression in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A one-month follow-up","volume":"143","author":"Matalon","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.12.006_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7475","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01223-w","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress symptoms in COVID-19 survivors: a self-report and brain imaging follow-up study","volume":"26","author":"Tu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.12.006_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1364.007","article-title":"Amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, and hippocampal function in PTSD","volume":"1071","author":"Shin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.12.006_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-03904-4","article-title":"COVID-19 one year on: identification of at-risk groups for psychological trauma and poor health-protective behaviour using a telephone survey","volume":"22","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.12.006_bib0017","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics. Prevalence of ongoing symptoms following coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in the UK. Available at:https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/healthandsocialcare\/conditionsanddiseases\/bulletins\/prevalenceofongoingsymptomsfollowingcoronaviruscovid19infectionintheuk\/3march2022. Accessed April 1, 2022."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.12.006_bib0018","article-title":"People with long Covid and ME\/CFS exhibit similarly impaired balance and physical capacity: a case-case-control study [online ahead of print]","author":"Hayes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.12.006_bib0019","article-title":"People with long COVID and myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME\/CFS) exhibit similarly impaired vascular function [online ahead of print]","author":"Mclaughlin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.12.006_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0001567","article-title":"Long-COVID stress symptoms: mental health, anxiety, depression, or posttraumatic stress [online ahead of print]","author":"Saltzman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.12.006_bib0021","article-title":"Childhood trauma exposure increases long COVID risk","author":"Van Den Hurk","year":"2022","journal-title":"[Preprint]"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.12.006_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000001215","article-title":"Psychological resilience to trauma and risk of COVID-19 infection and somatic symptoms across 2 years","volume":"85","author":"Nishimi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.12.006_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-021-00949-1","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of chronic fatigue syndrome and post-traumatic stress disorder after the outbreak of the COVID-19","volume":"27","author":"Simani","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.12.006_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30457-4","article-title":"COVID-19 recovery: potential treatments for post-intensive care syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Bangash","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.12.006_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.2018.1543616","article-title":"Coup de gr\u00e2ce for a tough old bull: \u201cstatistically significant\u201d expires","volume":"73","author":"Hurlbert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am Stat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.12.006_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00863","article-title":"Calculating and reporting effect sizes to facilitate cumulative science: a practical primer for t-tests and ANOVAs","volume":"4","author":"Lakens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.12.006_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6251","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.248278","article-title":"Do as you would be done by: write as you would wish to read","volume":"590","author":"Drummond","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.12.006_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01251.x","article-title":"Show the data, don't conceal them","volume":"163","author":"Drummond","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002934323007568?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002934323007568?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T03:15:52Z","timestamp":1742267752000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002934323007568"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002934323007568"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.12.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9343","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in People with Long COVID, ME\/CFS, and Controls","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.12.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}