{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:03:04Z","timestamp":1787068984089,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["amjmed.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T07:40:53Z","timestamp":1769240453000},"page":"584-592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) antagonists in the perioperative setting: An updated review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"139","author":[{"given":"Raya","family":"Nahlawi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoha","family":"Majeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Issam","family":"Motairek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trejeeve","family":"Martyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulino","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wael A.","family":"Jaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6398-6047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moises","family":"Auron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.10.018","article-title":"Kidney Disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO) CKD work group. KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic Kidney disease","volume":"105","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.11.006","article-title":"ACC\/AHA\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/AGS\/APhA\/ASH\/ASPC\/NMA\/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults","volume":"71","author":"Whelton","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2024.111401","article-title":"Effect of continuing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers on the day of surgery on myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"94","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2016.4792","article-title":"Trends in perioperative major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events associated with noncardiac surgery","volume":"2","author":"Smilowitz","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0005","series-title":"StatPearls","article-title":"Renin-angiotensin system","author":"Fountain","year":"2025"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2761","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.183885","article-title":"Treatment of hypertension in the prevention and management of ischemic heart disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"115","author":"Rosendorff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30A","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.10.009","article-title":"Renin-angiotensin system blockade and cardiovascular and renal protection","volume":"105","author":"Hoogwerf","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21A","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.10.010","article-title":"Are there effects of renin-angiotensin system antagonists beyond blood pressure control?","volume":"105","author":"Bakris","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2003-0001","article-title":"Newly recognized components of the renin-angiotensin system: potential roles in cardiovascular and renal regulation","volume":"24","author":"Carey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(76)90888-3","article-title":"The biochemistry of the renin-angiotensin system and its role in hypertension","volume":"60","author":"Skeggs","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.754499","article-title":"Sacubitril-valsartan: clinical benefits and related mechanisms of action in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction","volume":"8","author":"Pascual-Figal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199219006-00013","article-title":"Interaction between the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathetic nervous systems","author":"Saxena","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000006728","article-title":"Preoperative renin-angiotensin system antagonist intake and blood pressure responses during ambulatory surgical procedures: a prospective cohort study","volume":"138","author":"Gurunathan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.12788\/jhm.3036","article-title":"Prospective randomized evaluation of preoperative angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (PREOP-ACEI)","volume":"13","author":"Shiffermiller","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hosp Med"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.07.944","article-title":"ACC\/AHA guideline on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and management of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery","volume":"64","author":"Fleisher","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2024.06.013","article-title":"2024 AHA\/ACC guideline for perioperative cardiovascular management for noncardiac surgery","volume":"84","author":"Thompson","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.12.012","article-title":"2022 AHA\/ACC\/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure","volume":"79","author":"Heidenreich","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.17123","article-title":"Continuation vs discontinuation of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors before major noncardiac surgery: the stop-or-not randomized clinical trial","volume":"332","author":"Legrand","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad716","article-title":"Discontinuation vs continuation of renin-angiotensin system inhibition before noncardiac surgery: the SPACE trial","volume":"45","author":"Ackland","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.7326\/M22-3157","article-title":"Hypotension-avoidance versus hypertension-avoidance strategies in noncardiac surgery","volume":"176","author":"Marcucci","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2024.111679","article-title":"Continuation versus discontinuation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors before noncardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"99","author":"Ahmed","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002837","article-title":"Outcomes associated with withholding or continuing ACE inhibitors and ARBs before noncardiac surgery: a systematic review","volume":"127","author":"Hollmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0023","first-page":"hpaf171","article-title":"Preoperative continuation of RAAS inhibitors in hypertensive patients undergoing noncardiac surgery","author":"Siwamogsatham","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-199912000-00011","article-title":"Hemodynamic effects of anesthetic induction in vascular surgical patients chronically treated with angiotensin II receptor antagonists","volume":"89","author":"Brabant","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.7840","article-title":"Perioperative cardiovascular risk assessment and management for noncardiac surgery","volume":"324","author":"Smilowitz","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1161\/hc4101.096153","article-title":"Renal considerations in angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy","volume":"104","author":"Schoolwerth","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"POISE-3 Investigators. Effects of hypotension-avoidance versus hypertension-avoidance strategies on acute kidney injury: a POISE-3 substudy. Kidney Int. 2025;107(1):155-168. doi:10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.007"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2210639","article-title":"Renin-angiotensin system inhibition in advanced chronic kidney disease","volume":"387","author":"Bhandari","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1159\/000531000","article-title":"Discontinuation of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and outcomes in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.92a.25035","article-title":"Hold ACE inhibitors and ARBs before noncardiac surgery?","volume":"92","author":"Keshock","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.06.026","article-title":"Perioperative management of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors in elective major noncardiac surgery","volume":"135","author":"Giannas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2016.4952","article-title":"Enhanced recovery after surgery","volume":"152","author":"Ljungqvist","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-2501","article-title":"Preoperative N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and cardiovascular events after noncardiac surgery","volume":"172","author":"Duceppe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0034","first-page":"857","article-title":"Preoperative NT-proBNP and myocardial injury after stopping or continuing RAAS inhibitors in noncardiac surgery","volume":"132","author":"Arroyo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.07.008","article-title":"Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy on outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting","volume":"54","author":"Antonio","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6407","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11216407","article-title":"Vasoplegic syndrome after cardiopulmonary bypass: pathophysiology and management","volume":"11","author":"Ltaief","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aex056","article-title":"Preoperative blood pressure and risk of 30-day mortality after elective noncardiac surgery","volume":"119","author":"Venkatesan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2024.08.012","article-title":"Asymptomatic vs symptomatic hypotension with sacubitril-valsartan in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction","volume":"84","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2022-0481","article-title":"Cardiac-specific biomarkers for cardiovascular risk assessment in major noncardiac surgery","volume":"60","author":"Clerico","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002934326000562?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002934326000562?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T05:33:33Z","timestamp":1776058413000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002934326000562"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002934326000562"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9343","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) antagonists in the perioperative setting: An updated review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}