{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T17:34:35Z","timestamp":1782149675733,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81600025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81600025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81873406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81873406"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81502699"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81502699"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["SQ2016YFSF110276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SQ2016YFSF110276"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","amjmedsci.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of the Medical Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.11.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]],"date-time":"2018-11-27T05:40:41Z","timestamp":1543297241000},"page":"289-295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Transmission Electron Microscopy Improves the Diagnostic Sensitivity in Nonbacterial Etiology of Severe Pneumonia: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"357","author":[{"given":"Juan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengping","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pinhua","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengbo","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junpu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoying","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9773","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.11.012_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61459-6","article-title":"Viral pneumonia","volume":"377","author":"Ruuskanen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.11.012_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-1456","article-title":"A comparative study of community-acquired pneumonia patients admitted to the ward and the ICU","volume":"133","author":"Restrepo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"suppl 2)","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.11.012_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1186\/cc4927","article-title":"Community-acquired pneumonia on the intensive care unit: secondary analysis of 17,869 cases in the ICNARC Case Mix Programme Database","volume":"10","author":"Woodhead","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.11.012_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit278","article-title":"A guide to utilization of the microbiology laboratory for diagnosis of infectious diseases: 2013 recommendations by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society for Microbiology (ASM)(a)","volume":"57","author":"Baron","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.11.012_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.4.697-728.2004","article-title":"Mycoplasma pneumoniae and its role as a human pathogen","volume":"17","author":"Waites","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.11.012_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1086\/511076","article-title":"Acute respiratory infection due to Chlamydia pneumoniae: current status of diagnostic methods","volume":"44","author":"Kumar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.11.012_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00029-14","article-title":"Current and emerging Legionella diagnostics for laboratory and outbreak investigations","volume":"28","author":"Mercante","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.11.012_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1405870","article-title":"Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among U.S. children","volume":"372","author":"Jain","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.11.012_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00027-09","article-title":"Modern uses of electron microscopy for detection of viruses","volume":"22","author":"Goldsmith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.11.012_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1086\/511159","article-title":"Infectious Diseases Society of America\/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults","volume":"44","author":"Mandell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.11.012_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micron.2005.10.001","article-title":"Application of transmission electron microscopy to the clinical study of viral and bacterial infections: present and future","volume":"37","author":"Curry","year":"2006","journal-title":"Micron"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.11.012_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1906.130173","article-title":"Cell culture and electron microscopy for identifying viruses in diseases of unknown cause","volume":"19","author":"Goldsmith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.11.012_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0903.020327","article-title":"Electron microscopy for rapid diagnosis of infectious agents in emergent situations","volume":"9","author":"Hazelton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.11.012_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir235","article-title":"Microbiology of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in children with acute nonresponding or recurrent community-acquired pneumonia: identification of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae as a major pathogen","volume":"52","author":"De Schutter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.11.012_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00089513","article-title":"Simplification of the IDSA\/ATS criteria for severe CAP using meta-analysis and observational data","volume":"43","author":"Salih","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.11.012_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"h5527","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h5527","article-title":"STARD 2015: an updated list of essential items for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies","volume":"351","author":"Bossuyt","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.11.012_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii1","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2009.121434","article-title":"BTS guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults: update 2009","volume":"64","author":"Lim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.11.012_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03672.x","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of adult lower respiratory tract infections\u2014full version","volume":"17","author":"Woodhead","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.11.012_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-0972-z","article-title":"Neutrophil CD64 expression as a diagnostic marker for sepsis in adult patients: a meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.11.012_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38532","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38532","article-title":"Viral and bacterial co-infection in severe pneumonia triggers innate immune responses and specifically enhances IP-10: a translational study","volume":"6","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.11.012_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1592-y","article-title":"Viral and bacterial co-infection in pneumonia: do we know enough to improve clinical care?","volume":"21","author":"Cawcutt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.11.012_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultramic.2017.02.003","article-title":"Ondrej Krivanek: A pioneering visionary in electron microscopy","author":"Lovejoy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ultramicroscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.11.012_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fux041","article-title":"Functional insights into pathogen biology from 3D electron microscopy","author":"Cyrklaff","year":"2017","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.11.012_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3400","article-title":"Correlated light and electron microscopy: ultrastructure lights up!","volume":"12","author":"de Boer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.11.012_bib0025","first-page":"60","article-title":"Subcellular localization and detection of tobacco mosaic virus ORF6 protein by immunoelectron microscopy","volume":"82","author":"Erokhina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.11.012_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3458","DOI":"10.3390\/v6093458","article-title":"A filtration based technique for simultaneous SEM and TEM sample preparation for the rapid detection of pathogens","volume":"6","author":"Beniac","year":"2014","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.11.012_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9505","DOI":"10.1038\/srep09505","article-title":"A mobile biosafety microanalysis system for infectious agents","volume":"5","author":"Beniac","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.11.012_bib0028","first-page":"6","article-title":"The scanning electron microscope in microbiology and diagnosis of infectious disease","author":"Golding","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of the Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002962918304427?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002962918304427?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]],"date-time":"2019-08-08T07:44:31Z","timestamp":1565250271000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002962918304427"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002962918304427"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.11.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9629"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9629","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Transmission Electron Microscopy Improves the Diagnostic Sensitivity in Nonbacterial Etiology of Severe Pneumonia: A Retrospective Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of the Medical Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.11.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Southern Society for Clinical Investigation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}