{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T16:33:14Z","timestamp":1786984394394,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["amjmedsci.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of the Medical Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T12:59:25Z","timestamp":1699966765000},"page":"77-88","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease: Current practice, screening guidelines and management in the primary care setting"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"367","author":[{"given":"Udita","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Ruli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danyaal","family":"Buttar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Shoreibah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meagan","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0001","article-title":"A multi-society Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature","author":"Rinella","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25762","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: practice Guideline by the American association for the study of liver diseases, American college of gastroenterology, and the American gastroenterological association","volume":"55","author":"Chalasani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2022.0239","article-title":"Forecasted 2040 global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease using hierarchical bayesian approach","volume":"28","author":"Le","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.04.043","article-title":"Liver fibrosis, but no other histologic features, is associated with long-term outcomes of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"149","author":"Angulo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13299","article-title":"The epidemiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"37","author":"Bellentani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000323","article-title":"AASLD practice guidance on the clinical assessment and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","author":"Rinella","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2022.03.010","volume":"28","author":"Cusi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431","article-title":"Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes","volume":"64","author":"Younossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.09.038","article-title":"Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis among a largely middle-aged population utilizing ultrasound and liver biopsy: a prospective study","volume":"140","author":"Williams","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.06.021","article-title":"The global epidemiology of NAFLD and NASH in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"71","author":"Younossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37085","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.290114","article-title":"Expression and characterization of a PNPLA3 protein isoform (I148M) associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"286","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.20517\/2394-5079.2020.96","article-title":"Genetic risk factors associated with NAFLD","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatoma Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2012.07222.x","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Asian people who are not obese","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1002\/cld.930","article-title":"NAFLD in lean Asians","volume":"16","author":"Eslam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s77","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.15-6-s77","article-title":"An overview of the genetics, mechanisms and management of NAFLD and ALD","volume":"15","author":"Rowell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.09.041","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence, severity, and outcomes in the United States: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Rich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.04.067","article-title":"Women have a lower risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease but a higher risk of progression vs men: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Balakrishnan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28514","article-title":"A longer duration of estrogen deficiency increases fibrosis risk among postmenopausal women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"64","author":"Klair","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.134","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is underrecognized in the primary care setting","volume":"110","author":"Blais","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-1997","article-title":"Advanced liver fibrosis is common in patients with type 2 diabetes followed in the outpatient setting: the need for systematic screening","volume":"44","author":"Lomonaco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-1966","article-title":"High prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and normal plasma aminotransferase levels","volume":"100","author":"Portillo-Sanchez","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.517","article-title":"ACG clinical guideline: evaluation of abnormal liver chemistries","volume":"112","author":"Kwo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.01.008","article-title":"Non-invasive assessment of hepatic steatosis: prospective comparison of the accuracy of imaging examinations","volume":"52","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1381\/096089204323093408","article-title":"The role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis in morbidly obese patients","volume":"14","author":"Mottin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35354","article-title":"The utility of radiological imaging in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"123","author":"Saadeh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21178","article-title":"Development of a simple noninvasive index to predict significant fibrosis in patients with HIV\/HCV coinfection","volume":"43","author":"Sterling","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-6-33","article-title":"The Fatty Liver Index: a simple and accurate predictor of hepatic steatosis in the general population","volume":"6","author":"Bedogni","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2009.05.033","article-title":"Comparison of noninvasive markers of fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"7","author":"Shah","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.12.003","article-title":"The association of histologic and noninvasive tests with adverse clinical and patient-reported outcomes in patients with advanced fibrosis due to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"160","author":"Younossi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.453","article-title":"Age as a confounding factor for the accurate non-invasive diagnosis of advanced NAFLD fibrosis","volume":"112","author":"McPherson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.059","article-title":"Impact of type 2 diabetes on the accuracy of noninvasive tests of liver fibrosis with resulting clinical implications","volume":"21","author":"Boursier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0032","first-page":"78","article-title":"Possibility of using ELF score as index for hepatic fibrosis evaluation","volume":"63","author":"Asano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rinsho Byori"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21984","article-title":"Noninvasive markers of fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: validating the European liver fibrosis panel and exploring simple markers","volume":"47","author":"Guha","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.23923","article-title":"Performance of the enhanced liver fibrosis test to estimate advanced fibrosis among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"4","author":"Younossi","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.203166","article-title":"Enhanced liver fibrosis test can predict clinical outcomes in patients with chronic liver disease","volume":"59","author":"Parkes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.06.045","article-title":"Monitoring occurrence of liver-related events and survival by transient elastography in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and compensated advanced chronic liver disease","volume":"19","author":"Petta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-324243","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive tests for advanced fibrosis in patients with NAFLD: an individual patient data meta-analysis","volume":"71","author":"Mozes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23312","article-title":"Diagnosis of fibrosis and cirrhosis using liver stiffness measurement in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"51","author":"Wong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.043","article-title":"Vibration-controlled transient elastography to assess fibrosis and steatosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"17","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22007","article-title":"Acute viral hepatitis increases liver stiffness values measured by transient elastography","volume":"47","author":"Arena","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.11.018","article-title":"Liver stiffness is directly influenced by central venous pressure","volume":"52","author":"Millonig","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30383-8","article-title":"FibroScan-AST (FAST) score for the non-invasive identification of patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with significant activity and fibrosis: a prospective derivation and global validation study","volume":"5","author":"Newsome","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3120","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-023-06766-1","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of 2D shear wave (2D-SWE) for liver fibrosis in adults undergoing bariatric surgery","volume":"33","author":"Alcantara-Diaz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.11.012","article-title":"MRI-based (MAST) score accurately identifies patients with NASH and significant fibrosis","volume":"76","author":"Noureddin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23276","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial testing the effects of weight loss on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"51","author":"Promrat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.04.005","article-title":"Weight loss through lifestyle modification significantly reduces features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"149","author":"Vilar-Gomez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2446-4","article-title":"Impact of current treatments on liver disease, glucose metabolism and cardiovascular risk in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials","volume":"55","author":"Musso","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.04.013","article-title":"The beneficial effects of Mediterranean diet over low-fat diet may be mediated by decreasing hepatic fat content","volume":"71","author":"Gepner","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.05.026","article-title":"Effect of exercise on the development of new fatty liver and the resolution of existing fatty liver","volume":"65","author":"Sung","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22940","article-title":"Independent effects of physical activity in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"50","author":"St George","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04912.x","article-title":"Meta-analysis: pioglitazone improves liver histology and fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"35","author":"Boettcher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2206038","article-title":"Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity","volume":"387","author":"Jastreboff","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2028395","article-title":"A placebo-controlled trial of subcutaneous semaglutide in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"384","author":"Newsome","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(23)00068-7","article-title":"Semaglutide 2.4 mg once weekly in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-related cirrhosis: a randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial","volume":"8","author":"Loomba","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00070-5","article-title":"Effect of tirzepatide versus insulin degludec on liver fat content and abdominal adipose tissue in people with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-3 MRI): a substudy of the randomised, open-label, parallel-group, phase 3 SURPASS-3 trial","volume":"10","author":"Gastaldelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2022.08.013","article-title":"American society for metabolic and bariatric surgery (ASMBS) and international federation for the surgery of obesity and metabolic disorders (IFSO): indications for metabolic and bariatric surgery","volume":"18","author":"Eisenberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surg Obes Relat Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2018.12.002","article-title":"Bariatric surgery improves nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a contemporary systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Fakhry","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surg Obes Relat Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2021.11.015","article-title":"ASMBS position statement on the impact of metabolic and bariatric surgery on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"18","author":"Mazzini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surg Obes Relat Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23063107","article-title":"SGLT-2 inhibitors in NAFLD: expanding their role beyond diabetes and cardioprotection","volume":"23","author":"Androutsakos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.9607","article-title":"Thiazolidinediones and advanced liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a meta-analysis","volume":"177","author":"Musso","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1901118","article-title":"Oral semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"381","author":"Husain","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607141","article-title":"Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"375","author":"Marso","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-1953","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"45","author":"Pradhan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.2337\/dci19-0064","article-title":"Time to include nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the management of patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"43","author":"Cusi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13584","article-title":"Effect of canagliflozin treatment on hepatic triglyceride content and glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"21","author":"Cusi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.2005","article-title":"Favorable impact of long-term SGLT2 inhibitor for NAFLD complicated by diabetes mellitus: a 5-year follow-up study","volume":"6","author":"Akuta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-019-5477-1","article-title":"Empagliflozin for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"65","author":"Lai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.4511","article-title":"Association of SGLT2 inhibitors with cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"McGuire","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0069","first-page":"S17","article-title":"2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of medical care in diabetes-2022","volume":"45","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-2049","article-title":"Comparison of tofogliflozin and glimepiride effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in participants with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, 48-week, open-label, active-controlled trial","volume":"45","author":"Takeshita","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.942753","article-title":"Hypertension is prevalent in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and increases all-cause and cardiovascular mortality","volume":"9","author":"Ng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199704173361601","article-title":"A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH collaborative research group","volume":"336","author":"Appel","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0073","series-title":"DASH Diet to Stop Hypertension","author":"Challa","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200101043440101","article-title":"Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet. DASH-sodium collaborative research group","volume":"344","author":"Sacks","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4158\/EP171764.APPGL","article-title":"American association of clinical endocrinologists and American college of endocrinology guidelines for management of dyslipidemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease","volume":"23","author":"Jellinger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2012.01034.x","article-title":"Efficacy of rosuvastatin for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with dyslipidemia: an open-label, pilot study","volume":"42","author":"Nakahara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2015-000075","article-title":"Statins, antidiabetic medications and liver histology in patients with diabetes with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"3","author":"Nascimbeni","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2018.1439379","article-title":"The potential role of statins in treating liver disease","volume":"12","author":"Imprialos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31819c392e","article-title":"A pilot study using simvastatin in the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"43","author":"Nelson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G407","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00441.2016","article-title":"Rationale for the use of statins in liver disease","volume":"312","author":"Schierwagen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005399","article-title":"Statin use and risk of liver cancer: an update meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Shi","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.10.005","article-title":"Statins are associated with a reduced risk of hepatocellular cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"144","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20671","article-title":"Statins and hepatotoxicity: focus on patients with fatty liver","volume":"41","author":"Chalasani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2006.07.033","article-title":"Impact of statin dosing intensity on transaminase and creatine kinase","volume":"120","author":"Dale","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3124","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000072345.98581.24","article-title":"Perspectives in cholesterol-lowering therapy: the role of ezetimibe, a new selective inhibitor of intestinal cholesterol absorption","volume":"107","author":"Bruckert","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02288-2","article-title":"Ezetimibe combination therapy with statin for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an open-label randomized controlled trial (essential study)","volume":"20","author":"Cho","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2017.194","article-title":"Ezetimibe decreased nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score but not hepatic steatosis","volume":"34","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kor J Intern Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.008953","article-title":"PCSK9 inhibitors in lipid management of patients with diabetes mellitus and high cardiovascular risk: a review","volume":"7","author":"Handelsman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.2217\/fca-2020-0016","article-title":"Bempedoic acid: a promising novel agent for LDL-C lowering","volume":"16","author":"Agarwala","year":"2020","journal-title":"Future Cardiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.011662","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of bempedoic acid in patients with hypercholesterolemia and statin intolerance","volume":"8","author":"Laufs","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2215024","article-title":"Bempedoic acid and cardiovascular outcomes in statin-intolerant patients","volume":"388","author":"Nissen","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0092","series-title":"Colesevelam","author":"Patel","year":"2023"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00353-9","article-title":"Long-term efficacy and safety of inclisiran in patients with high cardiovascular risk and elevated LDL cholesterol (ORION-3): results from the 4-year open-label extension of the ORION-1 trial","volume":"11","author":"Ray","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.03.041","article-title":"Clinical trial landscape in NASH","volume":"21","author":"Harrison","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.3390\/futurepharmacol3010017","article-title":"Obeticholic acid\u2014A pharmacological and clinical review","volume":"3","author":"Keshvani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Future Pharmacol"},{"issue":"10215","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)33041-7","article-title":"Obeticholic acid for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: interim analysis from a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial","volume":"394","author":"Younossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2036205","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of the Pan-PPAR agonist lanifibranor in NASH","volume":"385","author":"Francque","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.13874","article-title":"The PEth blood test in the security environment: what it is; why it is important; and interpretative guidelines","volume":"63","author":"Ulwelling","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154439","article-title":"Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with advanced fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and shows a synergistic effect with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"115","author":"Blomdahl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520802555991","article-title":"Alcohol consumption is associated with progression of hepatic fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"44","author":"Ekstedt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0101","unstructured":"Prevention CDC. Liver disease and adult vaccination. Available: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vaccines\/adults\/rec-vac\/health-conditions\/liver-disease.html. Accessed April 14, 2023."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2009.0534","article-title":"Pain management in the cirrhotic patient: the clinical challenge","volume":"85","author":"Chandok","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12324","article-title":"Review article: prescribing medications in patients with cirrhosis - a practical guide","volume":"37","author":"Lewis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of the Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002962923014076?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002962923014076?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T18:43:36Z","timestamp":1757702616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002962923014076"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002962923014076"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9629"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9629","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease: Current practice, screening guidelines and management in the primary care setting","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of the Medical Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjms.2023.11.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Southern Society for Clinical Investigation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}