{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T14:01:36Z","timestamp":1781186496719,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022963","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022C03038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022C03038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022963","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017599","name":"Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024KY971"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024KY971"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017599","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["amjmedsci.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of the Medical Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.04.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T07:59:22Z","timestamp":1775807962000},"page":"59-64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Early diaphragm dysfunction assessed by ultrasonography after ischemic stroke: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"372","author":[{"given":"Liliang","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juehan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueqiong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.04.001_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1179\/1074935714Z.0000000020","article-title":"Effects of the combination of respiratory muscle training and abdominal drawing-in maneuver on respiratory muscle activity in patients with post-stroke hemiplegia: a pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Top Stroke Rehabil"},{"issue":"10006","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.04.001_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00127-0","article-title":"Prevention of stroke-associated pneumonia: where next?","volume":"386","author":"Meisel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.04.001_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1714562","article-title":"Aspiration pneumonia","volume":"380","author":"Mandell","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.04.001_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-2200","article-title":"Monitoring recovery from diaphragm paralysis with ultrasound","volume":"133","author":"Summerhill","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.04.001_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00321-5","article-title":"Sleep apnoea and ischaemic stroke: current knowledge and future directions","volume":"21","author":"Baillieul","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.04.001_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.495","article-title":"Correlation between trunk control, respiratory muscle strength and spirometry in patients with stroke: an observational study","volume":"16","author":"Jandt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiother Res Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.04.001_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-020-01664-w","article-title":"Incidence and predictive factors of diaphragmatic dysfunction in acute stroke","volume":"20","author":"Catal\u00e1-Ripoll","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.04.001_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.900529","article-title":"Diaphragm thickness and inspiratory muscle functions in chronic stroke patients","volume":"23","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.04.001_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.2.8756819","article-title":"Impairment of central motor conduction to the diaphragm in stroke","volume":"154","author":"Similowski","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.04.001_bib0010","first-page":"301","article-title":"Inspiratory muscular weakness is most evident in chronic stroke survivors with lower walking speeds","volume":"50","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.04.001_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pulmoe.2018.10.008","article-title":"Diaphragmatic dysfunction","volume":"25","author":"Ricoy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pulmonology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.04.001_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/NRL.0000000000000269","article-title":"Stroke-associated pneumonia A retrospective study of risk factors and outcomes","volume":"25","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurologist"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.04.001_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-019-01148-w","article-title":"Predictors of mortality and disability in stroke-associated pneumonia","volume":"121","author":"Tinker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.04.001_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23671","article-title":"Neuromuscular ultrasound for evaluation of the diaphragm","volume":"47","author":"Sarwal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.04.001_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23702","article-title":"Two-dimensional ultrasound imaging of the diaphragm: quantitative values in normal subjects","volume":"47","author":"Boon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.04.001_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.50.11.1157","article-title":"In-vivo assessment of diaphragm contraction by ultrasound IN normal subjects","volume":"50","author":"Ueki","year":"1995","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.04.001_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-1541","article-title":"Diaphragmatic motion studied by M-mode ultrasonography methods, reproducibility, and normal values","volume":"135","author":"Boussuges","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.04.001_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-015-3687-3","article-title":"Measuring diaphragm thickness with ultrasound in mechanically ventilated patients: feasibility, reproducibility and validity","volume":"41","author":"Goligher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.04.001_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A452","DOI":"10.1186\/2197-425X-3-S1-A452","article-title":"Reliability of diaphragmatic ultrasonography to detect diaphragm dysfu nction in critically ill patients","author":"Dres","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med Exp"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.04.001_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2627","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182266408","article-title":"Diaphragm dysfunction assessed by ultrasonography: influence on weaning from mechanical ventilation","volume":"39","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.04.001_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000240","article-title":"Ultrasound in the assessment of respiration","volume":"33","author":"Boon","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.04.001_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1080\/10749357.2021.1911748","article-title":"Investigating the correlation between pulmonary function tests and ultrasonographic diaphragm measurements and the effects of respiratory exercises on these parameters in hemiplegic patients","volume":"29","author":"Kili\u00e7oglu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Top Stroke Rehabil"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of the Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002962926001461?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002962926001461?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T13:33:05Z","timestamp":1781184785000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002962926001461"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002962926001461"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.04.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9629"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9629","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Early diaphragm dysfunction assessed by ultrasonography after ischemic stroke: a retrospective cohort study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of the Medical Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.04.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Southern Society for Clinical Investigation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}