{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T20:54:16Z","timestamp":1789419256135,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["amjmedsci.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of the Medical Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.05.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T23:19:04Z","timestamp":1779319144000},"page":"119-124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of dapagliflozin-spironolactone combination therapy versus monotherapy on albuminuria reduction and hyperkalemia risk in elderly patients with early type 2 diabetic nephropathy receiving high-dose RASi: A randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"372","author":[{"given":"Yingying","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengmei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.05.005_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.10924","article-title":"Clinical manifestations of kidney disease among US adults with diabetes. 1998-2014","volume":"316","author":"Afkarian","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.05.005_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-1913","article-title":"Worldwide epidemiology of diabetes-related end-stage renal disease, 2000-2015","volume":"44","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.05.005_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.05.012","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets for diabetic kidney disease","volume":"102","author":"Tuttle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.05.005_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154890","article-title":"Kidney disease in diabetes: from mechanisms to clinical presentation and treatment strategies","volume":"124","author":"Ricciardi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.05.005_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.01.017","article-title":"Effects of different doses of irbesartan combined with spironolactone on urinary albumin excretion rate in elderly patients with early type 2 diabetic nephropathy","volume":"355","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.05.005_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.057736","article-title":"Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and risk of hyperkalemia in people with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomized, controlled trials","volume":"145","author":"Neuen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.05.005_bib0007","first-page":"1","article-title":"2018 Chinese guidelines for the management of hypertension","volume":"24","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin J Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.05.005_bib0008","first-page":"14","article-title":"Expert consensus on glycated hemoglobin A1c control target for Chinese adult with type 2 diabetes","volume":"36","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.05.005_bib0009","first-page":"317","article-title":"Guideline for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in China (2020 edition)","volume":"4","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin J Diabetes Mellit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.05.005_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2991","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-0294","article-title":"Finerenone in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes by sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor treatment: the FIDELITY analysis","volume":"45","author":"Rossing","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.05.005_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2022020207","article-title":"Albuminuria-lowering effect of Dapagliflozin, eplerenone, and their combination in patients with chronic kidney disease: a randomized crossover clinical trial","volume":"33","author":"Provenzano","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.05.005_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.06.008","article-title":"KDIGO 2022 clinical practice guideline for diabetes management in chronic kidney disease","volume":"102","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.05.005_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01476-x","article-title":"Association of SGLT2 inhibitors with cardiovascular, kidney, and safety outcomes among patients with diabetic kidney disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Kaze","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.05.005_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14801","volume":"24","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.05.005_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-004-1542-0","article-title":"Aldosterone escape during blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in diabetic nephropathy is associated with enhanced decline in glomerular filtration rate","volume":"47","author":"Schjoedt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.05.005_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2410659","article-title":"Finerenone with empagliflozin in chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes","volume":"393","author":"Agarwal","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.05.005_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa736","article-title":"Steroidal and non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in cardiorenal medicine","volume":"42","author":"Agarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.05.005_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2020.01.015","article-title":"Osmotic nephrosis and acute kidney injury associated with SGLT2 inhibitor use: a case report","volume":"76","author":"Phadke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.05.005_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2021.09.015","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibitors and the risk of acute kidney injury in older adults with type 2 diabetes","volume":"79","author":"Zhuo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.05.005_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-022-02310-0","article-title":"Factors associated with incidence of acute kidney injury: a Japanese regional population-based cohort study, the Shizuoka study","volume":"27","author":"Dote","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Exp Nephrol"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of the Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002962926001874?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002962926001874?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T17:17:17Z","timestamp":1783703837000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002962926001874"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002962926001874"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.05.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9629"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9629","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effect of dapagliflozin-spironolactone combination therapy versus monotherapy on albuminuria reduction and hyperkalemia risk in elderly patients with early type 2 diabetic nephropathy receiving high-dose RASi: A randomized controlled trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of the Medical Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjms.2026.05.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Southern Society for Clinical Investigation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}