{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T22:52:56Z","timestamp":1784069576306,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]],"date-time":"2006-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141171200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Geriatric Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T17:11:45Z","timestamp":1149181905000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Safety and efficacy of oral terbinafine in the treatment of onychomycosis: Analysis of the elderly subgroup in improving results in ONychomycosis-concomitant lamisil\u00ae and debridement (IRON-CLAD), an open-label, randomized trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Amir","family":"Tavakkol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Fellman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farid","family":"Kianifard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2000.104794","article-title":"Prevalence and epidemiology of onychomycosis in patients visiting physicians' offices: A multicenter Canadian survey of 15,000 patients","volume":"43","author":"Gupta","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1997.03890450124022","article-title":"Prevalence of onychomycosis in patients attending a dermatology clinic in northeastern Ohio for other conditions","volume":"133","author":"Elewski","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2000.107754","article-title":"A large-scale North American study of fungal isolates from nails: The frequency of onychomycosis, fungal distribution, and antifungal susceptibility patterns","volume":"43","author":"Ghannoum","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib4","first-page":"302","article-title":"The use of terbinafine in the treatment of onychomycosis in adults and special populations: A review of the evidence","volume":"4","author":"Gupta","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib5","first-page":"111","article-title":"Onychomycosis in diabetic patients: To treat or not to treat?","author":"Pollack","year":"2005","journal-title":"Podiatry Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200421020-00003","article-title":"Common fungal infections of the feet in patients with diabetes mellitus","volume":"21","author":"Tan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.3.415","article-title":"Onychomycosis: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management","volume":"11","author":"Elewski","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(96)90061-4","article-title":"Onychomycosis: A significant medical disorder","volume":"35","author":"Scher","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib9","series-title":"Lamisil","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib10","series-title":"Sporanox","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib11","series-title":"Penlac nail lacquer","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib12","first-page":"145","article-title":"Can an algorithm for appropriate prescribing predict adverse drug events?","volume":"11","author":"Rask","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200016060-00002","article-title":"Onychomycosis in the elderly","volume":"16","author":"Gupta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7190.1031","article-title":"Double blind, randomised study of continuous terbinafine compared with intermittent itraconazole in treatment of toenail onychomycosis","volume":"318","author":"Evans","year":"1999","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2002.04639.x","article-title":"Long-term results in patients with onychomycosis treated with terbinafine or itraconazole","volume":"146","author":"Heikkila","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.3.353","article-title":"Long-term effectiveness of treatment with terbinafine vs itraconazole in onychomycosis: A 5-year blinded prospective follow-up study","volume":"138","author":"Sigurgeirsson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2003.05728.x","article-title":"Cumulative metaanalysis of systemic antifungal agents for the treatment of onychomycosis","volume":"150","author":"Gupta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(97)70115-4","article-title":"Cytochrome P-450 3A: Interactions with dermatologic therapies","volume":"37","author":"Singer","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib19","first-page":"1029","article-title":"Multiple cytochrome P-450s involved in the metabolism of terbinafine suggest a limited potential for drug-drug interactions","volume":"27","author":"Vickers","year":"1999","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(99)70055-1","article-title":"Drug interactions with itraconazole, fluconazole, and terbinafine and their management","volume":"41","author":"Gupta","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib21","first-page":"61","article-title":"Oral antifungals: What you should know about drug interactions","volume":"17","author":"Del Rosso","year":"2004","journal-title":"Podiatry Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2000.00087-2.x","article-title":"Clinical trial: The safety of terbinafine in patients over the age of 60 years: A multicenter trial in onychomycosis of the feet","volume":"39","author":"Smith","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib23","series-title":"International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib24","series-title":"Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects","author":"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib25","first-page":"1471","article-title":"How should managed care treat onychomycosis?","volume":"4","author":"Katz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.136.9.1112","article-title":"Methods for diagnosing onychomycosis: A comparative study and review of the literature","volume":"136","author":"Lawry","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib27","first-page":"456","article-title":"Routine periodic acid-Schiff staining of nail plate fragments in fungal cultures for onychomycosis: A method to increase the sensitivity of diagnosis","volume":"66","author":"Zabawski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2000.03545.x","article-title":"A randomized trial of amorolfine 5% solution nail lacquer combined with oral terbinafine compared with terbinafine alone in the treatment of dermatophytic toenail onychomycoses affecting the matrix region","volume":"142","author":"Baran","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(83)70208-2","article-title":"A method for the determination of drug effectiveness in onychomycosis. Trials with ketoconazole and griseofulvin ultramicrosize","volume":"9","author":"Zaias","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib30","series-title":"American Podiatric Medical Association meeting","article-title":"Quantitation of visibly infected nail area in onychomycosis utilizing the Mycotic Nail Involvement Assessment Tool","author":"Jennings","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(97)70111-7","article-title":"Oral terbinafine in the treatment of toenail onychomycosis: North American multicenter trial","volume":"37","author":"Drake","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1997.03890460029004","article-title":"Safety of oral terbinafine: Results of a postmarketing surveillance study in 25,884 patients","volume":"133","author":"Hall","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 65","key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.149.s65.5.x","article-title":"Onychomycosis in clinical practice: Factors contributing to recurrence","volume":"149","author":"Scher","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2002.05035.x","article-title":"Prognostic factors of mycological cure following treatment of onychomycosis with oral antifungal agents","volume":"147","author":"Sigurgeirsson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0507.2001.00628.x","article-title":"One week pulse therapy with itraconazole (200 mg day-1) for onychomycosis. Evaluation of treatment results according to patient background","volume":"44","author":"Hiruma","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.7547\/0950421","article-title":"A comparison of KOH and culture results from two mycology laboratories for the diagnosis of onychomycosis during a randomized, multicenter clinical trial: A subset study","volume":"95","author":"Arnold","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.110874","article-title":"Single-blind, randomized, prospective study on terbinafine and itraconazole for treatment of dermatophyte toenail onychomyco sis in the elderly","volume":"44","author":"Gupta","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Geriatric Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1543594605000991?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1543594605000991?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,19]],"date-time":"2019-04-19T00:15:45Z","timestamp":1555632945000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1543594605000991"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1543594605000991"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2005.12.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1543-5946"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1543-5946","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]}}}