{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:41:22Z","timestamp":1792291282812,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,1]],"date-time":"2003-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1067644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,1]],"date-time":"2003-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1067644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["americanjournalofsurgery.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.08.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,2]],"date-time":"2003-11-02T06:09:25Z","timestamp":1067753365000},"page":"481-485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["Prognostic factors for the development of gangrenous cholecystitis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"186","author":[{"given":"Shawn P","family":"Fagan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samir S","family":"Awad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalil","family":"Rahwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Hira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nori","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamal M.F","family":"Itani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David H","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.08.001_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1622.2000.01851.x","article-title":"Gangrenous cholecystitis in the laparoscopic era","volume":"70","author":"Hunt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aust NZ J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.08.001_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1991.10.11.603","article-title":"Gangrenous cholecystitis","volume":"10","author":"Teefy","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.08.001_BIB3","first-page":"1275","article-title":"Factors effecting the complications in the natural history of acute cholecystitis","volume":"48","author":"Bedirli","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.08.001_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6060(99)70122-4","article-title":"Gangrenous cholecystitis","volume":"126","author":"Merriam","year":"1999","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.08.001_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(05)80930-4","article-title":"Natural history of asymptomatic and symptomatic gallstones","volume":"165","author":"Friedman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.08.001_BIB6","first-page":"284","article-title":"Gangrenous cholecystitis","volume":"58","author":"Croley","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.08.001_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7944(01)00628-6","article-title":"Current diagnosis and treatment of cholecystitis","volume":"59","author":"Weiss","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.08.001_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198106000-00007","article-title":"Gangrene of the gallbladder","volume":"74","author":"Fry","year":"1981","journal-title":"Southern Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.08.001_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1968.01330220083015","article-title":"Gangrenous cholecystitis","volume":"96","author":"Morfin","year":"1968","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.08.001_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/jsre.1994.1064","article-title":"Gangrenous cholecystitis in an urban VA hosptal","volume":"56","author":"Wilson","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.08.001_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1978.01370220035006","article-title":"Acute cholecystitis in the elderly","volume":"113","author":"Morrow","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.08.001_BIB12","first-page":"964","article-title":"Acute cholecystitis in diabetic patients","volume":"61","author":"Shpitz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.08.001_BIB13","first-page":"437","article-title":"The risk of cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis in diabetic patients","volume":"39","author":"Landau","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.08.001_BIB14","first-page":"492","article-title":"Changing indications for laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"76","author":"Schwesinger","year":"1996","journal-title":"Laparosc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.08.001_BIB15","first-page":"254","article-title":"Risk associated with diabetes mellitus in patients undergoing gallbladder surgery","volume":"91","author":"Walsh","year":"1982","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.08.001_BIB16","first-page":"163","article-title":"Small vessel occlusion in acute acalculous cholecystitis","volume":"111","author":"Warren","year":"1992","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.08.001_BIB17","first-page":"1249","article-title":"Microanglopathy in acute acalculous cholecystitis","volume":"84","author":"Hakala","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.08.001_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(00)00525-0","article-title":"Role of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the management of gangrenous cholecystitis","volume":"181","author":"Habib","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.08.001_BIB19","first-page":"155","article-title":"Gangrene of the gallbladder","volume":"49","author":"Ahmad","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.08.001_BIB20","first-page":"55","article-title":"Morphogenesis of hepatocellular necrosis in patients with cholelithiasis complicated by gangrenous cholecystitis","volume":"49","author":"Zufarov","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arkh Patol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.08.001_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1097\/00003072-198709000-00009","article-title":"Scintigraphic find-ings in acute gangrenous cholecystitis","volume":"12","author":"Shih","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.08.001_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.148.1.6856839","article-title":"Gangrenous cholecystitis","volume":"148","author":"Jeffrey","year":"1983","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.08.001_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.178.2.1780275","article-title":"CT findings in acute gangrenous cholecystitis","volume":"178","author":"Bennett","year":"2002","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.08.001_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(99)00172-5","article-title":"The impact of patient delay and physician delay on the outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis","volume":"178","author":"Eldar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.08.001_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.1.80","article-title":"Does this patient have acute cholecystitis?","volume":"289","author":"Trowbridge","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002961003003246?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002961003003246?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T17:34:33Z","timestamp":1757698473000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002961003003246"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002961003003246"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.08.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9610"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9610","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prognostic factors for the development of gangrenous cholecystitis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.08.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}