{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T16:32:07Z","timestamp":1778257927052,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["americanjournalofsurgery.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2015.06.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,12]],"date-time":"2015-08-12T12:32:36Z","timestamp":1439382756000},"page":"288-293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The effect of residents as teaching assistants on\u00a0operative time in laparoscopic cholecystectomy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"211","author":[{"given":"Edward","family":"Gifford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dennis Y.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy H.","family":"Kaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Plurad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"de Virgilio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2015.06.019_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2007.07.008","article-title":"ACGME duty-hour restrictions decrease resident operative volume: a 5-year comparison at an ACGME-accredited university general surgery residency","volume":"64","author":"Damadi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Surg Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2015.06.019_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2013.2677","article-title":"Effect of the 16-hour work limit on general surgery intern operative case volume","volume":"148","author":"Schwartz","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2015.06.019_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000136941.46529.56","article-title":"Proving the value of simulation in laparoscopic surgery","volume":"240","author":"Fried","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2015.06.019_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181a38e59","article-title":"Operative experience of residents in US general surgery programs: a gap between expectation and experience","volume":"249","author":"Bell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2015.06.019_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3182a191ca","article-title":"General surgery residency inadequately prepares trainees for fellowship: results of a survey of fellowship program directors","volume":"258","author":"Mattar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2015.06.019_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2013.09.011","article-title":"Senior residents as teaching assistants during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the 80-hour workweek era: effect on biliary injury and overall complication rates","volume":"70","author":"Schwartz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Surg Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2015.06.019_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2012.08.014","article-title":"Resident participation in index laparoscopic general surgical cases: impact of the learning environment on surgical outcomes","volume":"216","author":"Davis","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2015.06.019_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2013.06.056","article-title":"Variations in procedure time based on surgery resident postgraduate year level","volume":"185","author":"Johnson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2015.06.019_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2005.11.578","article-title":"Influence of resident and attending surgeon seniority on operative performance in laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"132","author":"Kauvar","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2015.06.019_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e318265812a","article-title":"Impact of resident participation in surgical operations on postoperative outcomes: National Surgical Quality Improvement Program","volume":"256","author":"Kiran","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2015.06.019_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/jsre.2001.6252","article-title":"Postgraduate year does not influence operating time in laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"101","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2015.06.019_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000000889","article-title":"Trainee participation is associated with adverse outcomes in emergency general surgery: an analysis of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database","volume":"260","author":"Kasotakis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2015.06.019_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2011.08.015","article-title":"Does resident involvement effect surgical times and complication rates during laparoscopic appendectomy for uncomplicated appendicitis? An analysis of 16,849 cases from the ACS-NSQIP","volume":"203","author":"Advani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2015.06.019_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2014.04.019","article-title":"Entrustment of general surgery residents in the operating room: factors contributing to provision of resident autonomy","volume":"219","author":"Teman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2015.06.019_bib15","unstructured":"Accrediation Council for Graduate Medical Education Resident Case Log System. Available at: https:\/\/www.acgme.org\/acgmeweb\/tabid\/161\/DataCollectionSystems\/ResidentCaseLogSystem.aspx. Accessed October 19, 2014."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2015.06.019_bib16","unstructured":"American Board of Surgery, Training requirements - General Surgery Certification. Available at: http:\/\/www.absurgery.org\/default.jsp?certgsqe_training. Accessed November 13, 2014."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2015.06.019_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-008-9943-7","article-title":"Is inflammation a significant predictor of bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy?","volume":"22","author":"Georgiades","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2015.06.019_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.140.10.986","article-title":"Bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: results of an Italian national survey on 56 591 cholecystectomies","volume":"140","author":"Nuzzo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2015.06.019_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2014.05.002","article-title":"Defining the autonomy gap: when expectations do not meet reality in the operating room","volume":"71","author":"Meyerson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Surg Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2015.06.019_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2005.06.042","article-title":"Surgical resident supervision in the operating room and outcomes of care in Veterans Affairs hospitals","volume":"190","author":"Itani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2015.06.019_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2012.10.018","article-title":"Changing paradigms in minimally invasive surgery training","volume":"205","author":"Unawane","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2015.06.019_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31827051cd","article-title":"Validation of a structured training and assessment curriculum for technical skill acquisition in minimally invasive surgery: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"257","author":"Palter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2015.06.019_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2009.07.035","article-title":"Fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery simulator training to proficiency improves laparoscopic performance in the operating room\u2014a randomized controlled trial","volume":"199","author":"Sroka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Surg"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002961015004328?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002961015004328?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T18:07:20Z","timestamp":1757700440000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002961015004328"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002961015004328"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2015.06.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9610"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9610","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The effect of residents as teaching assistants on\u00a0operative time in laparoscopic cholecystectomy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2015.06.019","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}