{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T08:43:58Z","timestamp":1793090638583,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["americanjournalofsurgery.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.07.053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,3]],"date-time":"2018-08-03T02:30:23Z","timestamp":1533263423000},"page":"591-596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Proficiency-based training and credentialing can improve patient outcomes and decrease cost to a hospital system"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"217","author":[{"given":"Vernissia","family":"Tam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Borrebach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie Altieri","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7282-180X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanna","family":"Bellon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert J.","family":"Zeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa E.","family":"Hogg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.07.053_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1300625","article-title":"Surgical skill and complication rates after bariatric surgery","volume":"369","author":"Birkmeyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.07.053_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2015-004439","article-title":"Surgical video analysis: an emerging tool for improving surgeon performance","volume":"24","author":"Dimick","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Qual Saf"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.07.053_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2015.4442","article-title":"Video-based surgical coaching: an emerging approach to performance improvement","volume":"151","author":"Greenberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.07.053_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-013-3373-x","article-title":"Validation of a virtual reality-based robotic surgical skills curriculum","volume":"28","author":"Connolly","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.07.053_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/rcs.1559","article-title":"Fundamentals of robotic surgery: a course of basic robotic surgery skills based upon a 14-society consensus template of outcomes measures and curriculum development","volume":"10","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Med Robot"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.07.053_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2016.10.015","article-title":"Mastery-based virtual reality robotic simulation curriculum: the first step toward operative robotic proficiency","volume":"74","author":"Hogg","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Surg Educ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.07.053_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2012.12.033","article-title":"Fundamental skills of robotic surgery: a multi-institutional randomized controlled trial for validation of a simulation-based curriculum","volume":"81","author":"Stegemann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.07.053_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2017.05.016","article-title":"Robotic pancreatoduodenectomy biotissue curriculum has validity and improves technical performance for surgical oncology fellows","volume":"74","author":"Tam","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Surg Educ"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.07.053_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4583","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-017-5520-2","article-title":"An appraisal of the learning curve in robotic general surgery","volume":"31","author":"Pernar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.07.053_bib10","series-title":"Digestive Diseases Statistics for the United States","author":"Clearinghouse","year":"2013"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.07.053_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-017-3998-3","article-title":"Transition from laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair to robotic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair: a retrospective review of a single surgeon's experience","volume":"41","author":"Kudsi","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.07.053_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4042","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-015-4717-5","article-title":"Feasibility of robotic inguinal hernia repair, a single-institution experience","volume":"30","author":"Escobar Dominguez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.07.053_bib13","first-page":"244","article-title":"Parent and patient perceptions of robotic vs open urological surgery scars in children","volume":"190","author":"Barbosa","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.07.053_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-017-0247-x","article-title":"Patient driven care in the management of prostate cancer: analysis of the United States military healthcare system","volume":"17","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.07.053_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2017.02.052","article-title":"Adoption of robotics in a general surgery residency program: at what cost?","volume":"213","author":"Mehaffey","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Surg Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.07.053_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.0841","article-title":"Who Is Responsible for the Safe Introduction of New Surgical Technology?: An Important Legal Precedent From the da Vinci Surgical System Trials","volume":"152","author":"Pradarelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.07.053_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.01.057","article-title":"Robotic surgical education: a systematic approach to training urology residents to perform robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy","volume":"68","author":"Rashid","year":"2006","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.07.053_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpb.2017.01.016","article-title":"Training in minimally invasive pancreatic resections: a paradigm shift away from \"see one, do one, teach one","volume":"19","author":"Hogg","year":"2017","journal-title":"HPB (Oxford)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.07.053_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.0025","article-title":"Incorporating metrics of surgical proficiency into credentialing and privileging pathways","volume":"152","author":"Tam","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Surgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.07.053_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2014.01.047","article-title":"The impact of radical prostatectomy operative time on outcomes and costs","volume":"83","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.07.053_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2016.10.035","article-title":"Prolonged operative time in laparoscopic appendectomy: predictive factors and outcomes","volume":"36","author":"Jeon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.07.053_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2014.03.018","article-title":"Influence of median surgeon operative duration on adverse outcomes in bariatric surgery","volume":"11","author":"Reames","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surg Obes Relat Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.07.053_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2015.17","article-title":"Assessment of quality outcomes for robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy: identification of the learning curve","volume":"150","author":"Boone","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.07.053_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1111\/hpb.12412","article-title":"The learning curve for robotic distal pancreatectomy: an analysis of outcomes of the first 100 consecutive cases at a high-volume pancreatic centre","volume":"17","author":"Shakir","year":"2015","journal-title":"HPB (Oxford)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.07.053_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000000254","article-title":"Individualized deliberate practice on a virtual reality simulator improves technical performance of surgical novices in the operating room: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"259","author":"Palter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.07.053_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.5152\/jtgga.2016.16053","article-title":"The impact of a simulation-based training lab on outcomes of hysterectomy","volume":"17","author":"Asoglu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.07.053_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2013.08.006","article-title":"Simulation-based robot-assisted surgical training: a health economic evaluation","volume":"11","author":"Rehman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.07.053_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2017.08.051","article-title":"Resident attitudes and compliance towards robotic surgical training","volume":"215","author":"Tam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Surg"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002961018305439?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002961018305439?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T18:15:12Z","timestamp":1757700912000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002961018305439"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002961018305439"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.07.053","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9610"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9610","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Proficiency-based training and credentialing can improve patient outcomes and decrease cost to a hospital system","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.07.053","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}