{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T23:15:33Z","timestamp":1791587733679,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["americanjournalofsurgery.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.12.033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]],"date-time":"2020-12-24T17:54:47Z","timestamp":1608832487000},"page":"354-360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Continuous neuromonitoring during radiofrequency ablation of benign thyroid nodules provides objective evidence of laryngeal nerve safety"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"222","author":[{"given":"Catherine F.","family":"Sinclair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria J.","family":"T\u00e9llez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Pel\u00e1ez-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alba","family":"D\u00edaz-Baamonde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sedat","family":"Ulkatan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.12.033_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2018.19.4.632","article-title":"Thyroid radiofrequency ablation guideline: Korean society of thyroid radiology","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.12.033_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.3372","article-title":"Benign predominantly solid thyroid nodules: prospective study of efficacy of sonographically guided radiofrequency ablation versus control condition","volume":"194","author":"Baek","year":"2010","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.12.033_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-009-0130-3","article-title":"Radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of autonomously functioning thyroid nodules","volume":"33","author":"Baek","year":"2009","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.12.033_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-008-0880-6","article-title":"Radiofrequency ablation of benign thyroid nodules: safety and imaging follow-up in 236 patients","volume":"18","author":"Jeong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.12.033_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-010-0565-6","article-title":"Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of benign thyroid nodules in patients with incompletely resolved clinical problems after ethanol ablation (EA)","volume":"34","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.12.033_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W210","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.5172","article-title":"Optimum first- line treatment technique for benign cystic thyroid nodules: ethanol ablation or radiofrequency ablation?","volume":"19","author":"Sung","year":"2011","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.12.033_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2007.10.018","article-title":"US-guided percutaneous radiofrequency thermal ablation for the treatment of solid benign hyperfunctioning or compressive thyroid nodules","volume":"34","author":"Deandrea","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.12.033_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2008.0202","article-title":"Thyroid nodules and related symptoms are stably controlled two years after radiofrequency thermal ablation","volume":"19","author":"Spiezia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.12.033_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-011-2167-6","article-title":"Clinical significance of vagus nerve variation in radiofrequency ablation of thyroid nodules","volume":"21","author":"Ha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.12.033_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2476","article-title":"Variations in the course of the cervical vagus nerve on thyroid ultrasonography","volume":"32","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.12.033_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-009-0503-y","article-title":"A\u00a0new anchor electrode design for continuous neuromonitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve by vagal nerve stimulations","volume":"394","author":"Schneider","year":"2009","journal-title":"Langenbeck\u2019s Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.12.033_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sinclair CF, Tellez MJ, Tapia OR, Ulkatan S. Contralateral R1 and R2 components of the Laryngeal Adductor Reflex in humans under general anesthesia. Laryngoscope 127(12):E443-E448.","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26744"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.12.033_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.03.002","article-title":"A\u00a0novel methodology for assessing laryngeal and vagus nerve integrity in patients under general anesthesia","volume":"128","author":"Sinclair","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.12.033_bib14","article-title":"Continuous laryngeal adductor reflex versus intermittent nerve monitoring in neck endocrine surgery","author":"Sinclair","year":"2020","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.12.033_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2017.11.010","article-title":"International consensus (ICON) on comprehensive management of the laryngeal nerve risks during thyroid surgery","volume":"135","author":"Perie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Otorhinolaryngol Head & Neck Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.12.033_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27359","article-title":"International neural monitoring study group guideline 2018 part I: staging bilateral thyroid surgery with monitoring loss of signal","author":"Schneider","year":"2018","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.12.033_bib17","author":"Dhillon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.12.033_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2008.01875.x","article-title":"Diagnosis of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy after thyroidectomy: a systematic review","volume":"63","author":"Jeannon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.12.033_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814521381","article-title":"Epidemiology of vocal fold paralyses after total thyroidectomy for well-differentiated thyroid cancer in a medicare population","volume":"150","author":"Francis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.12.033_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.08.1833","article-title":"Safety of radiofrequency ablation of benign nodules and recurrent thyroid cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Chung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.12.033_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01655439","article-title":"Partial laryngeal nerve lesions before and after thyroid surgery","volume":"12","author":"Jansson","year":"1988","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.12.033_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2005.08.009","article-title":"The importance of preoperative laryngoscopy in patients undergoing thyroidectomy: voice, vocal cord function, and the preoperative detection of invasive thyroid malignancy","volume":"139","author":"Randolph","year":"2006","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.12.033_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000191472.02720.1f","article-title":"The utility of evaluating true vocal fold motion before thyroid surgery","volume":"116","author":"Farrag","year":"2006","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.12.033_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2020.35.2.407","article-title":"Effectiveness of injecting cold 5% dextrose into patient with nerve damage symptoms during thyroid radiofrequency ablation","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab (Seoul)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.12.033_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(98)01131-X","article-title":"Recurrent and superior laryngeal nerves: a new look with implications for the esophageal surgeon","volume":"67","author":"Liebermann-Meffert","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.12.033_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tellez MJ, Mirallave-Pescador A, Seidel K, Urriza J, Shoakazemi A, Raabe A, et\u00a0al. Neurophysiological monitoring of the laryngeal adductor reflex during cerebellar-pontine angle and brainstem surgery. Clin Neurophysiol, available online 19th November 2020, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.10.021.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.10.021"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.12.033_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2018.08.028","article-title":"A\u00a0method for intraoperative recording of the laryngeal adductor reflex during lower brainstem surgery in children","volume":"129","author":"Costa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.12.033_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28147","article-title":"Intraoperative mapping and monitoring of sensory vagal fibers during vagal schwannoma resection","author":"Sinclair","year":"2019","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.12.033_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.25793","article-title":"A\u00a0novel approach to neurologic function sparing surgical management of vagal schwannomas: continuous intraoperative nerve monitoring of the laryngeal adductor reflex","author":"Sandler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.12.033_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.25758","article-title":"Vagal schwannomas of the head and neck: a comprehensive review and a novel approach to preserving vocal cord innervation and function","volume":"41","author":"Sandler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Head Neck"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002961020308114?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002961020308114?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T18:22:20Z","timestamp":1757701340000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002961020308114"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002961020308114"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.12.033","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9610"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9610","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Continuous neuromonitoring during radiofrequency ablation of benign thyroid nodules provides objective evidence of laryngeal nerve safety","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.12.033","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}