{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T02:28:24Z","timestamp":1792117704916,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,1]],"date-time":"2006-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1159660800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anaerobe"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,11]],"date-time":"2006-10-11T12:18:12Z","timestamp":1160569092000},"page":"211-220","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["The Bacteroides fragilis cell envelope: Quarterback, linebacker, coach\u2014or all three?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lilian","family":"Pumbwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Skilbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah M.","family":"Wexler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib1","series-title":"Anaerobes in human disease","first-page":"197","article-title":"Abdominal sepsis","author":"Willis","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-34-1-51","article-title":"Surface components of Bacteroides fragilis involved in adhesion and haemagglutination","volume":"34","author":"Oyston","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-48-11-999","article-title":"Expression of Bacteroides fragilis virulence markers in vitro","volume":"48","author":"Ferreira","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.43.1.189-194.1984","article-title":"Piliated Bacteroides fragilis strains adhere to epithelial cells and are more sensitive to phagocytosis by human neutrophils than nonpiliated strains","volume":"43","author":"Pruzzo","year":"1984","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-136-5-941","article-title":"Surface structures, haemagglutination and cell surface hydrophobicity of Bacteroides fragilis strains","volume":"136","author":"Oyston","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Gen Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.59.2.742-744.1991","article-title":"Adherence of Bacteroides fragilis group species","volume":"59","author":"Brook","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2761","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.188.8.2761-2773.2006","article-title":"A database of bacterial lipoproteins (DOLOP) with functional assignments to predicted lipoproteins","volume":"188","author":"Babu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.28029-0","article-title":"Genome update: prediction of secreted proteins in 225 bacterial proteomes","volume":"151","author":"Bendtsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.53.1.99-102.1986","article-title":"Lectinlike adhesins in the Bacteroides fragilis group","volume":"53","author":"Rogemond","year":"1986","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/S0934-8840(11)80912-6","article-title":"Sialic acid as receptor of Bacteroides fragilis lectin-like adhesin","volume":"277","author":"Domingues","year":"1992","journal-title":"Zentralbl Bakteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1990.tb03820.x","article-title":"Role of neuraminidase-dependent adherence in Bacteroides fragilis attachment to human epithelial cells","volume":"59","author":"Guzman","year":"1990","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-40-6-393","article-title":"The role of neuraminidase in haemagglutination and adherence to colon WiDr cells by Bacteroides fragilis","volume":"40","author":"Namavar","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.164.3.1278-1282.1985","article-title":"Structures of two different surface layers found in six Bacteroides strains","volume":"164","author":"Sjogren","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.24.6.940-944.1986","article-title":"Bacteroides buccae and related taxa in necrotic root canal infections","volume":"24","author":"Haapasalo","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.10.3.383-387.2003","article-title":"Humoral immune responses to S-layer-like proteins of Bacteroides forsythus","volume":"10","author":"Yoneda","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3617","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26535-0","article-title":"The surface (S-) layer is a virulence factor of Bacteroides forsythus","volume":"149","author":"Sabet","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1080029","article-title":"A genomic view of the human-Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron symbiosis","volume":"299","author":"Xu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.59.6.2075-2082.1991","article-title":"Immunochemical characterization of two surface polysaccharides of Bacteroides fragilis","volume":"59","author":"Pantosti","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18230","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)37177-7","article-title":"The capsular polysaccharide of Bacteroides fragilis comprises two ionically linked polysaccharides","volume":"267","author":"Tzianabos","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4081","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00131a026","article-title":"Structural elucidation of two capsular polysaccharides from one strain of Bacteroides fragilis using high-resolution NMR spectroscopy","volume":"31","author":"Baumann","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13478","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.25.13478","article-title":"Structural basis of the abscess-modulating polysaccharide A2 from Bacteroides fragilis","volume":"97","author":"Wang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.31.7.1850-1855.1993","article-title":"Bacteroides fragilis strains express multiple capsular polysaccharides","volume":"31","author":"Pantosti","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2339","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.4.2339-2344.2001","article-title":"Immunochemical and biological characterization of three capsular polysaccharides from a single Bacteroides fragilis strain","volume":"69","author":"Kalka-Moll","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6176","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.11.6176-6181.2000","article-title":"Bacteroides fragilis NCTC9343 produces at least three distinct capsular polysaccharides: cloning, characterization, and reassignment of polysaccharide B and C biosynthesis loci","volume":"68","author":"Coyne","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8211161","article-title":"Structural features of polysaccharides that induce intra-abdominal abscesses","volume":"262","author":"Tzianabos","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S132","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/20.Supplement_2.S132","article-title":"Structure and function of Bacteroides fragilis capsular polysaccharides: relationship to induction and prevention of abscesses","volume":"20","author":"Tzianabos","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-17-3-247","article-title":"Phagocytic and serum killing of capsulate and non-capsulate Bacteroides fragilis","volume":"17","author":"Reid","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/145.1.72","article-title":"Alterations in opsonophagocytic killing by neutrophils of Bacteroides fragilis associated with animal and laboratory passage: effect of capsular polysaccharide","volume":"145","author":"Simon","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02019462","article-title":"Antibiotic-induced modification of Bacteroides fragilis and its susceptibility to phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes","volume":"2","author":"Gemmell","year":"1983","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib30","first-page":"258","article-title":"In vitro adhesiveness of Bacteroides fragilis group in relation to encapsulation","volume":"105","author":"Beena","year":"1997","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02014880","article-title":"Pathogenicity of piliated and encapsulated Bacteroides fragilis","volume":"3","author":"Brook","year":"1984","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4346","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.9.4346-4351.1999","article-title":"Detection of intrastrain antigenic variation of Bacteroides fragilis surface polysaccharides by monoclonal antibody labelling","volume":"67","author":"Patrick","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4653","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.9.4653-4657.2002","article-title":"Characterization of the lipopolysaccharides and capsules of Shewanella spp","volume":"68","author":"Korenevsky","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.49.1.197-201.1985","article-title":"Chemical and immunochemical analyses of Bacteroides fragilis lipopolysaccharides","volume":"49","author":"Weintraub","year":"1985","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-42-2-102","article-title":"A re-appraisal of the biological activity of bacteroides LPS","volume":"42","author":"Delahooke","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1006\/mpat.1996.0018","article-title":"A comparison of the haemagglutinating and enzymic activities of Bacteroides fragilis whole cells and outer membrane vesicles","volume":"20","author":"Patrick","year":"1996","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0934-8840(97)80112-0","article-title":"Surface vesicles: a possible function in commensal relations of Bacteroides fragilis","volume":"285","author":"Domingues","year":"1997","journal-title":"Zentralbl Bakteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.22.6.1152-1158.1971","article-title":"Observations by electron microscopy on pig muscle inoculated and incubated with Pseudomonas fragi","volume":"22","author":"Dutson","year":"1971","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.55.1.111-117.1987","article-title":"Functional characterization of extracellular vesicles produced by Bacteroides gingivalis","volume":"55","author":"Grenier","year":"1987","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6465","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.19.6465-6476.2004","article-title":"Insecticidal pilin subunit from the insect pathogen Xenorhabdus nematophila","volume":"186","author":"Khandelwal","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03925","article-title":"Membrane vesicles traffic signals and facilitate group activities in a prokaryote","volume":"437","author":"Mashburn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(91)90748-U","article-title":"Analysis of the membrane organization of an Escherichia coli protein translocator, HlyB, a member of a large family of prokaryote and eukaryote surface transport proteins","volume":"217","author":"Wang","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1107008","article-title":"Extensive DNA inversions in the B. fragilis genome control variable gene expression: supplemental online material","volume":"307","author":"Cerdeno-Tarraga","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(01)00160-X","article-title":"The toxins of Bacteroides fragilis","volume":"39","author":"Sears","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14979","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.25.14979","article-title":"Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin cleaves the zonula adherens protein, E-cadherin","volume":"95","author":"Wu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.65.4.1431-1439.1997","article-title":"The Bacteroides fragilis toxin fragilysin disrupts the paracellular barrier of epithelial cells","volume":"65","author":"Obiso","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5382","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00060-06","article-title":"The Bacteroides fragilis toxin binds to a specific intestinal epithelial cell receptor","volume":"74","author":"Wu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2446","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200535808","article-title":"Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin induces cyclooxygenase-2 and fluid secretion in intestinal epithelial cells through NF-kappaB activation","volume":"36","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01494.x","article-title":"A possible role of Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin in the aetiology of colorectal cancer","volume":"12","author":"Toprak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib50","first-page":"2231","article-title":"Characterization of proteases formed by Bacteroides fragilis","volume":"134","author":"Gibson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Gen Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.4.5.458-460.1976","article-title":"Extracellular enzymes of the genus Bacteroides","volume":"4","author":"Rudek","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1995.tb03300.x","article-title":"Purification and characterization of a fibrinogen-degrading protease in Bacteroides fragilis strain YCH46","volume":"39","author":"Chen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01570100","article-title":"Synthesis and release of proteases by Bacteroides fragilis","volume":"24","author":"Macfarlane","year":"1992","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.46.1.75-80.1983","article-title":"Neuraminidase in Bacteroides fragilis","volume":"46","author":"Berg","year":"1983","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(92)91589-I","article-title":"Purification and characterization of a sialidase from Bacteroides fragilis SBT3182","volume":"189","author":"Tanaka","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4415","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.61.10.4415-4426.1993","article-title":"A role for Bacteroides fragilis neuraminidase in bacterial growth in two model systems","volume":"61","author":"Godoy","year":"1993","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.1999.00603.x","article-title":"Production of bacteriocin by Bacteriodes fragilis and partial characterization","volume":"29","author":"Avelar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lett Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.20.4.437","article-title":"Inhibition of ribonucleic acid polymerase by a bacteriocin from Bacteroides fragilis","volume":"20","author":"Mossie","year":"1981","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1006\/anae.2002.0427","article-title":"Identification of an OmpA protein from Bacteroides fragilis: ompA gene sequence, OmpA amino acid sequence and predictions of protein structure","volume":"8","author":"Wexler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.59.7.2252-2258.1991","article-title":"Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) contributes to serum resistance and pathogenicity of Escherichia coli K-1","volume":"59","author":"Weiser","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3954","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.58.12.3954-3958.1990","article-title":"Iron-regulated outer membrane protein of Bacteroides fragilis involved in heme uptake","volume":"58","author":"Otto","year":"1990","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5609","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.174.17.5609-5616.1992","article-title":"Location and characterization of genes involved in binding of starch to the surface of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron","volume":"174","author":"Tancula","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5365","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.19.5365-5372.2000","article-title":"Characterization of four outer membrane proteins involved in binding starch to the cell surface of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron","volume":"182","author":"Shipman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7206","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.181.23.7206-7211.1999","article-title":"Physiological characterization of SusG, an outer membrane protein essential for starch utilization by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron","volume":"181","author":"Shipman","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2572","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.55.10.2572-2578.1989","article-title":"Competitiveness of different polysaccharide utilization mutants of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron in the intestinal tracts of germfree mice","volume":"55","author":"Salyers","year":"1989","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.3.823-830.1996","article-title":"A Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron outer membrane protein that is essential for utilization of maltooligosaccharides and starch","volume":"178","author":"Reeves","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.179.3.643-649.1997","article-title":"Characterization of four outer membrane proteins that play a role in utilization of starch by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron","volume":"179","author":"Reeves","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.54.8.1911-1916.1988","article-title":"Role of starch as a substrate for Bacteroides vulgatus growing in the human colon","volume":"54","author":"McCarthy","year":"1988","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7180","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.24.7180-7186.1996","article-title":"Effect of regulatory protein levels on utilization of starch by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron","volume":"178","author":"D\u2019Elia","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7173","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.24.7173-7179.1996","article-title":"Contribution of a neopullulanase, a pullulanase, and an alpha-glucosidase to growth of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron on starch","volume":"178","author":"D\u2019Elia","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7224","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.24.7224-7230.2001","article-title":"Biochemical analysis of interactions between outer membrane proteins that contribute to starch utilization by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron","volume":"183","author":"Cho","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7198","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.24.7198-7205.2001","article-title":"New regulatory gene that contributes to control of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron starch utilization genes","volume":"183","author":"Cho","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3199","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.171.6.3199-3204.1989","article-title":"Genetic evidence that outer membrane binding of starch is required for starch utilization by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron","volume":"171","author":"Anderson","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3192","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.171.6.3192-3198.1989","article-title":"Biochemical evidence that starch breakdown by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron involves outer membrane starch-binding sites and periplasmic starch-degrading enzymes","volume":"171","author":"Anderson","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.22.011602.092259","article-title":"How host-microbial interactions shape the nutrient environment of the mammalian intestine","volume":"22","author":"Hooper","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3842","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.13.3842-3847.2001","article-title":"Identification of a dedicated recycling pathway for anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine derived from Escherichia coli cell wall murein","volume":"183","author":"Park","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10452","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1734063100","article-title":"Inaugural article: honor thy symbionts","volume":"100","author":"Xu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1080029","article-title":"A genomic view of the human-Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron symbiosis","volume":"299","author":"Xu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1079","article-title":"Getting a grip on things: how do communities of bacterial symbionts become established in our intestine?","volume":"5","author":"Sonnenburg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(01)00835-6","article-title":"Characterization of omp200, a porin gene complex from Bacteroides fragilis: omp121 and omp71, gene sequence, deduced amino acid sequence and predictions of porin structure","volume":"283","author":"Wexler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.7.2807-2815.2005","article-title":"Sixteen homologs of the mex-type multidrug resistance efflux pump in Bacteroides fragilis","volume":"49","author":"Ueda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl202","article-title":"Bacteroides fragilis BmeABC efflux systems additively confer intrinsic antimicrobial resistance","volume":"58","author":"Pumbwe","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7417","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.21.7417-7424.2005","article-title":"Bile salts modulate expression of the CmeABC multidrug efflux pump in Campylobacter jejuni","volume":"187","author":"Lin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00671.x","article-title":"The AcrAB-TolC efflux system of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium plays a role in pathogenesis","volume":"8","author":"Buckley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.19.2.382-402.2006","article-title":"Clinically relevant chromosomally encoded multidrug resistance efflux pumps in bacteria","volume":"19","author":"Piddock","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1464","article-title":"Multidrug-resistance efflux pumps-not just for resistance","volume":"4","author":"Piddock","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pumbwe L, Wareham DW, Aduse-Opoku J, Brazier JS, Wexler HM. Genetic analysis of mechanisms of multidrug resistance in a clinical isolate of Bacteroides fragilis. Clinical Microbiology and Infections 2006, in press.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01620.x"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3150","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00141-06","article-title":"Efflux pump overexpression in multiple antibiotic resistant mutants of Bacteroides fragilis","volume":"50","author":"Pumbwe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7483","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.11.7483-7492.2005","article-title":"Colonization of mucin by human intestinal bacteria and establishment of biofilm communities in a two-stage continuous culture system","volume":"71","author":"Macfarlane","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1107008","article-title":"Extensive DNA inversions in the B. fragilis genome control variable gene expression","volume":"307","author":"Cerdeno-Tarraga","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26166-0","article-title":"Multiple inverted DNA repeats of Bacteroides fragilis that control polysaccharide antigenic variation are similar to the hin region inverted repeats of Salmonella typhimurium","volume":"149","author":"Patrick","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2003.11.007","article-title":"Message from a human gut symbiont: sensitivity is a prerequisite for sharing","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.69.1.183","article-title":"Two-component signal transduction","volume":"69","author":"Stock","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(99)75255-0","article-title":"Measurement of bile salt hydrolase activity from Lactobacillus acidophilus based on disappearance of conjugated bile salts","volume":"82","author":"Corzo","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2744(76)90068-1","article-title":"Purification and characterization of bile salt hydrolase from Bacteroides fragilis subsp. fragilis","volume":"452","author":"Stellwag","year":"1976","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsre.2004.09.003","article-title":"The interaction between bacteria and bile","volume":"29","author":"Begley","year":"2005","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7829","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.23.7829-7835.2004","article-title":"Genetic characterization of the bile salt response in Lactobacillus plantarum and analysis of responsive promoters in vitro and in situ in the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"186","author":"Bron","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.1999.00019.x","article-title":"Bile salt deconjugation by lactobacillus plantarum 80 and its implication for bacterial toxicity","volume":"87","author":"De","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl278","article-title":"Clinical significance of overexpression of multiple RND-family efflux pumps in Bacteroides fragilis isolates","volume":"58","author":"Pumbwe","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"}],"container-title":["Anaerobe"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1075996406000734?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1075996406000734?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T02:22:38Z","timestamp":1627870958000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1075996406000734"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5-6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1075996406000734"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2006.09.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1075-9964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1075-9964","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]}}}